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Die Idee und inhaltliche Ausrichtung der Ausstellung HOUSE OF NORWAY stand bereits fest, als ich Mitte März in das Frankfurter Museum Angewandte Kunst als Projektkoordinatorin für eben diese Ausstellung kam. Dass die gesamte Fläche des Museums bespielt werden sollte, erinnerte mich an die Schau The Empty House im Jahr 2013, bei der ich damals als Praktikantin mitgewirkt hatte: Auch die Performance des Konzeptkünstlers Olaf Nicolai fand im gesamten Richard-Meier-Bau statt, welcher zuvor in seinen Originalzustand von 1985 zurückversetzt worden war. HOUSE OF NORWAY war so zumindest in seiner Dimension vorangegangenen Ausstellungen nicht unähnlich – auch die Ausstellung Jil Sander. Präsens vor zwei Jahren wurde im gesamten Museumsgebäude gezeigt. ...
Organized running events have gained substantial popularity. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, knowledge about injury prevention as well as the attitudes and motivations of individuals participating in the JP Morgan Corporate Challenge in Frankfurt (Germany). A total of 720 recreational runners completed a digital questionnaire immediately prior to the start. The majority of them displayed low to moderate physical activity levels and were rather unambitious regarding targeted finishing time. One quarter (25.3%) participated for the first time in an organized race. The most stated reasons to register were team building (76.4%) and experiencing the run’s atmosphere (50.6%). In contrast, improving health played a minor role (19.4%). More than one in five individuals (n = 159 runners) reported pain, with the most common locations being the knee and lower back. Both at rest (3.2/10 on a numerical rating scale) and during activity (4.7/10), average pain intensity was clinically relevant. Almost three thirds of the participants believed that stretching and wearing appropriate shoes would be effective for injury prevention while other methods such as resistance training, balance exercise or wearing of orthoses were rarely named. Musculoskeletal pain is a significant burden in runners participating in an urban mass event. In view of the poor knowledge about injury prevention, organizers and coaches may consider offering structured preparation programs as well as tailored running-related health education.
Public health authorities in Germany regard communication as a crucial part of infectious disease prevention and control strategies. Communication becomes even more important during public health crises such as pandemics. Drawing on Briggs and Hallin’s concept of biocommunicability, we analysed the German National Pandemic Plan and key informant interviews with public health experts, critical infrastructure providers and ambulance services. We examined the projected expectations towards the behaviour of the audiences and the projected ways of information circulation informing public health communication strategies during a pandemic. Participants shared the expectation that the population would react towards an influenza pandemic with panic and fear due to a lack of information or a sensationalist media coverage. They associated the information uptake of their target audience with trust in their expertise. While our informants from public health conceptualised trust in terms of a face-to-face interaction, they sought to gain trust through transparency in their respective institutional settings. Our analysis suggests that this moved health information into a political register where their medical authority was open to debate. In response to this, they perceived the field of communication as a struggle for hegemony.
Objective: Studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate white matter (WM) microstructure in youths with conduct disorder (CD) have reported disparate findings. We investigated WM alterations in a large sample of youths with CD, and examined the influence of sex and callous-unemotional (CU) traits.
Method: DTI data were acquired from 124 youths with CD (59 female) and 174 typically developing (TD) youths (103 female) 9 to 18 years of age. Tract-based spatial statistics tested for effects of diagnosis and sex-by-diagnosis interactions. Associations with CD symptoms, CU traits, a task measuring impulsivity, and the impact of comorbidity, and age- and puberty-related effects were examined.
Results: Youths with CD exhibited higher axial diffusivity in the corpus callosum and lower radial diffusivity and mean diffusivity in the anterior thalamic radiation relative to TD youths. Female and male youths with CD exhibited opposite changes within the internal capsule, fornix, posterior thalamic radiation, and uncinate fasciculus. Within the CD group, CD symptoms and callous traits exerted opposing influences on corpus callosum axial diffusivity, with callous traits identified as the unique clinical feature predicting higher axial diffusivity and lower radial diffusivity within the corpus callosum and anterior thalamic radiation, respectively. In an exploratory analysis, corpus callosum axial diffusivity partially mediated the association between callous traits and impulsive responses to emotional faces. Results were not influenced by symptoms of comorbid disorders, and no age- or puberty-related interactions were observed.
Conclusion: WM alterations within the corpus callosum represent a reliable neuroimaging marker of CD. Sex and callous traits are important factors to consider when examining WM in CD.
Behavior is characterized by sequences of goal oriented conducts, such as food uptake, socializing and resting. Classically, one would define for each task a corresponding satisfaction level, with the agent engaging, at a given time, in the activity having the lowest satisfaction level. Alternatively, one may consider that the agent follows the overarching objective to generate sequences of distinct activities. To achieve a balanced distribution of activities would then be the primary goal, and not to master a specific task. In this setting the agent would show two types of behaviors, task-oriented and task-searching phases, with the latter interseeding the former. We study the emergence of autonomous task switching for the case of a simulated robot arm. Grasping one of several moving objects corresponds in this setting to a specific activity. Overall, the arm should follow a given object temporarily and then move away, in order to search for a new target and reengage. We show that this behavior can be generated robustly when modeling the arm as an adaptive dynamical system. The dissipation function is in this approach time dependent. The arm is in a dissipative state when searching for a nearby object, dissipating energy on approach. Once close, the dissipation function starts to increase, with the eventual sign change implying that the arm will take up energy and wander off. The resulting explorative state ends when the dissipation function becomes again negative and the arm selects a new target. We believe that our approach may be generalized to generate self-organized sequences of activities in general.
Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme, which catalyzes the inter-conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Altered expression of this enzyme is frequently observed in cancer and accounts for the Warburg effect, an adaptive response of tumor cells to hypoxia. In addition to its catalytic function, ENO-1 exhibits other activities, which strongly depend on its cellular and extracellular localization. For example, the association of ENO-1 with mitochondria membrane was found to be important for the stability of the mitochondrial membrane, and ENO-1 sequestration on the cell surface was crucial for plasmin-mediated pericellular proteolysis. The latter activity of ENO-1 enables many pathogens but also immune and cancer cells to invade the tissue, leading further to infection, inflammation or metastasis formation. The ability of ENO-1 to conduct so many diverse processes is reflected by its contribution to a high number of pathologies, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular hypertrophy, fungal and bacterial infections, cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatic fibrosis, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis. These unexpected non-catalytic functions of ENO-1 and their contributions to diseases are the subjects of this review.
Mutations in blood stem cells do not necessarily have to result in leukaemia. It was only recently discovered that clones of mutated blood cells can be identified in many healthy people in old age. Nonetheless, clonal haematopoiesis, as scientists baptised this finding, is far from innocent. It is a formidable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases – on par with smoking, excess weight or high blood pressure. Why this is, is still a riddle to be solved.
Mutationen in Blutstammzellen müssen nicht unbedingt zu Blutkrebs führen. Erst vor Kurzem hat man entdeckt, dass Klone mutierter Blutzellen bei vielen gesunden Menschen im Alter nachweisbar sind. Dennoch stufen Forscher die klonale Hämatopoese inzwischen als Risikofaktor für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen ein – mit einer ähnlichen Bedeutung wie Rauchen, Übergewicht oder Bluthochdruck.
Wellness und Brutalismus – eine ungewöhnliche Kombination: Steht Ersteres doch für das Wohlbefinden, während Letzteres bei vielen Menschen das Gegenteil auslöst, und doch, das Kurbad Königstein lässt sich wohl am besten so beschreiben. Obwohl seine Wulstformen, sein Material sowie die ausladenden Terrassen typische Stilelemente des architektonischen Brutalismus sind, ist eines ungewöhnlich: Die grellen orange-blauen Komplementärfarben, in welchen der Betonbau bestrichen ist. ...
Die Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Studie liegt darin, Bedarfe für eine Qualifizierung und Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften in inklusiven Schulen zu identifizieren. Dabei stehen sowohl spezifische Lehrer*innengruppen als auch konkrete Inhalte bzw. Anforderungen von Inklusion im Fokus. Den Rahmen hierfür bilden Schulen mit dem Schulprofil Inklusion (N = 471 Lehrkräfte aus 49 Schulen). Mittels hierarchischer Clusteranalyse (Überprüfung durch Diskriminanzanalyse) werden Gruppen von Lehrer*innen gebildet. Diese basieren darauf, wie die Lehrkräfte berichten, die Anforderungen von Inklusion (adaptive Unterrichtsgestaltung, Förderplanung, Schulkonzeptentwicklung, innerschulische und externe Kooperation) umzusetzen. Die Betrachtung der vier Cluster zeigt eine Gruppe von Lehrer*innen, die die Anforderungen inklusiver Bildung durchwegs am intensivsten realisiert. Diese machen deutlich, dass nicht für alle Lehrenden gleichermaßen die Notwendigkeit einer Qualifizierung besteht. Gleiches gilt für die Konzeption einheitlicher Maßnahmen, denn für alle Lehrkräfte identische Maßnahmen werden der Diversität der geäußerten Einschätzungen nicht gerecht. Zielführender erscheinen mikrokontextuell orientierte Maßnahmen, die auf bestimmte Lehrkräfte und Anforderungen zugeschnitten sind. Solche Bedarfe zielen einerseits auf die Lehrer*innen ab, die die Anforderungen von Inklusion übergreifend als am geringsten verwirklicht einschätzen sowie diejenigen, die bestimmte Anforderungen nicht umsetzen. Für diese sind Gründe und folgend Maßnahmen zu diskutieren, warum die Umsetzung durchwegs eine so negative Einschätzung erfährt. Maßnahmen im Kontext von Schulentwicklung oder Supervision erscheinen zielführend. Spezifische Qualifizierungsbedarfe bestehen vor allem hinsichtlich innerschulischer Zusammenarbeit, die sich clusterübergreifend als eher gering ausgeprägt erweist.
Welche Natur, für wen und wie zu schützen? : Namibias Wildpferde im Fokus von Naturschutzkonflikten
(2019)
Sind Wildpferde in einem Nationalpark Namibias schützenswert? Die Regierung sieht keinen Anlass, das Überleben der Tiere zu sichern. Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGO) und lokale Gruppen wollen die Wildpferde dagegen bewahren – als Teil des lokalen Ökosystems und des kulturellen Erbes. Das Beispiel zeigt die Vielschichtigkeit von Konflikten um Natur- und Artenschutz.
Das Oberverwaltungsgericht für Nordrhein-Westfalen hat am 19. März eine für die rechtsstaatliche Prägung deutscher Außenpolitik sehr bedeutsame Entscheidung getroffen. Demnach muss sich die Bundesrepublik in Zukunft vergewissern, ob durch den Einsatz von US-Drohnen, die über deutsches Gebiet gesteuert werden, Völkerrecht verletzt wird. Ist dies der Fall, muss sie Maßnahmen treffen, damit eine solche Rechtsverletzung unterbleibt. Ein einfaches Wegducken der Bundesrepublik ist damit nicht mehr möglich. ...
Was verstehen Lehramtsstudierende unter Inklusion? Eine Untersuchung subjektiver Definitionen
(2019)
Der Begriff der Inklusion ist ein mehrdimensionales Konstrukt, das sowohl in Theorie als auch in Praxis unterschiedlich definiert ist. Für angehende Lehrkräfte bedeutet dies, dass sie sich mit unterschiedlichen Konnotationen dieses Begriffs auseinandersetzen müssen und dadurch möglicherweise eigene Begriffsdefinitionen vornehmen. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrages steht die Frage nach den subjektiven Begriffsdefinitionen zum Begriff Inklusion. Im Rahmen einer schriftlichen Befragung wurden 290 Lehramtsstudierende mit Hilfe einer offenen Fragestellung zu ihrem Inklusionsverständnis befragt. Das Material wurde mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf ein differenziertes Begriffsverständnis angehender Lehrkräfte. Es können vier Verständnistypen unterschieden werden, ausgehend von einem sehr engen bis hin zu einem sehr weiten und offenen Begriffsverständnis.
The paper will focus on the analysis of selected linguistic markers of argumentation structures in Czech and German. On the basis of corpus‑based analysis, I work with the assumption that argumentation structures are one of the parameters of equivalence in translation. The theoretical starting point for this analysis is the hypothesis that the linguistic form of arguments has a significant impact on their identification and potential. In my paper, I will pursue the following specific questions: 1) What are the linguistic markers of argument strength / weakness in German and in Czech? 2) How do the mutual relationships between structure and linguistic outcome change as a result of the translation? 3) Might the effects resulting from the translation of the argumentation structures be interpreted as processes of explicitation and implicitation? 4) What are the advantages and disadvantages of working with a parallel corpus as a basis for the analysis of the translation of local argumentative structures? Since the structures of argumentation are one of the elementary fundamentals of a text, issues connected to their translation represent one of the central research interests in Translation Studies.
"Wir sehen uns vor Gericht!" – Oft eskalieren Konflikte zu einem Rechtsstreit, ohne dass die Beteiligten nachgedacht haben, ob dies der beste Weg ist. Im Verhältnis zwischen Bürger und Staat gibt es wenig zu überlegen: Binnen Monatsfrist muss klagen, wer eine Entscheidung der Verwaltung nicht bestandskräftig werden lassen will. Dabei ist ein Rechtsstreit manchmal langwierig und oft teuer. Das Urteil am Ende des Instanzenzuges kann schließlich "Steine statt Brot" bedeuten, selbst wenn der Rechtsstreit gewonnen ist. Seit Langem etablieren sich daher "alternative" Konfliktlösungsverfahren, allen voran die Mediation: Die Konfliktparteien erarbeiten freiwillig und selbstbestimmt eine von ihnen akzeptierte, interessenorientierte Lösung, indem sie kooperativ verhandeln mit einem Mediator an ihrer Seite, einem neutralen und allparteilichen Dritten.
Sleep impairments are a hallmark of acute bipolar disorder (BD) episodes and are present even in the euthymic state. Studying healthy subjects who are vulnerable to BD can improve our understanding of whether sleep impairment is a predisposing factor. Therefore, we investigated whether vulnerability to BD, dimensionally assessed by the hypomanic personality scale (HPS), is associated with sleep disturbances in healthy subjects. We analyzed participants from a population-based cohort who had completed the HPS and had either a 7-day actigraphy recording or a Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) assessment. In addition, subjects had to be free of confounding diseases or medications. This resulted in 771 subjects for actigraphy and 1766 for PSQI analyses. We found strong evidence that higher HPS scores are associated with greater intraindividual sleep variability, more disturbed sleep and more daytime sleepiness. In addition, factor analyses revealed that core hypomanic features were especially associated with self-reported sleep impairments. Results support the assumption of disturbed sleep as a possibly predisposing factor for BD and suggest sleep improvement as a potential early prevention target.
Vulgarisms, swear words and insults are a considerable and integral part of everyday language. They are used in various circumstances, such as releasing negative emotions and/or to hurt one’s feelings. These terms are also present in German and Polish song lyrics. The aim of the data analysis is to investigate functions and meanings of the lexeme 'Arsch' / 'dupa' in order to verify whether their usage in song lyrics is consistent with their definitions in dictionaries or exceeds them. The data sample comprises vulgarisms from 200 German and Polish rap and rock song lyrics. The main research area was the lexeme 'Arsch' / 'dupa', which is present in many word formation constructions in rock and rap song lyrics.
Nossa contribuição visa a um estudo de relatos de testemunho sobre a repressão política na República Democrática Alemã, publicados na obra "Gefangen in Hohenschönhausen. Stasi-Häftlinge berichten" (2007; "Presos em Hohenschönhausen. Prisioneiros da Stasi relatam"), organizada por Hubertus Knabe. Embora o subtítulo "Stasi-Häftlinge berichten" ("Prisioneiros da Stasi relatam") sinalize para o leitor de que estaríamos diante de relatos stricto sensu, a leitura revela outro quadro, em que nos deparamos também com outros tipos textuais, não apenas relatos, como diários ou mesmo textos ficcionais, sendo que vários deles foram adequados à publicação em termos de tamanho e, portanto, revelam-se fragmentários. A leitura dos 24 textos que compõem o livro "Gefangen in Hohenschönhausen" nos permitiu sistematizá-los a partir de sete aspectos que, em certa medida, nos pareceram recorrentes: chegada; descrição; condições; interrogatório; tortura; cela; reflexão. As marcações textuais passam pela questão da autoria e da construção do foco narrativo, em que aquele que esteve preso se instaura como um "eu" ("ich") ao falar de si e da carga psicológica a qual fora exposto, mas que às vezes muda para a primeira pessoa do plural "nós" ("wir") ao narrar sobre algo da ordem do coletivo dentro da prisão, e também para a terceira pessoa do singular ("er", "es", "sie"), ao simular objetividade em descrições ou mesmo ao narrar sobre terceiros. Cabe lembrar que os 24 textos contam com um elemento paratextual que informa o leitor sobre cada autor, logo abaixo do título do texto, em texto destacado em itálico: nome; ano de nascimento e, se for o caso, de falecimento; idade no momento da detenção; profissão; motivo alegado para a detenção; período em que esteve recluso na prisão de Hohenschönhausen. Através do estudo de textos memorialísticos e autobiográficos, cujos autores, na maioria, perseguidos e ex-presos políticos, relatam sobre suas vivências sob o regime totalitário do SED - Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (Partido Socialista Unitário da Alemanha), pudemos vislumbrar as diversas formas e fases da violência praticada pelo Estado contra possíveis dissidentes políticos na República Democrática Alemã.
Am 2. und 3. Juli 2018 wurde an der Katholischen Universität in Ružomberok die XIII. Tagung des Slowakischen Deutschlehrer- und Germanistenverbands SUNG veranstaltet. Die SUNG-Tagung hat zum ersten Mal im Rahmen einer gemeinsamen Großveranstaltung der Vertretungen und Kulturmittler der deutschsprachigen Länder in der Slowakei stattgefunden. Sie wurde von der Botschaft der Bundesrepublik Deutschland initiiert und als Deutschkongress ausgeschrieben. Die Veranstaltung fand anlässlich des 25. Jubiläums sowohl der deutsch-slowakischen diplomatischen Beziehungen als auch des 25-jährigen Bestehens des Goethe-Instituts in der Slowakei statt.
Das vorliegende Themenheft der Aussiger Beiträge trägt den Titel "Deutsch als Fremdsprache – Didaktische und sprachwissenschaftliche Perspektiven". Mit den hier zusammengestellten Aufsätzen haben die Herausgeber vor allem zwei Ziele im Auge: Angeregt werden soll einerseits eine allgemeine Diskussion etablierter Trends und Schwerpunkte in der Fremdsprachendidaktik; andererseits stellt sich mit Blick auf die Fremdsprache Deutsch ganz konkret die Frage, in welchen Bereichen methodische und inhaltliche Innovationen möglich sind, um die Sprachvermittlung weiter zu optimieren. Solche Überlegungen sollten letztlich auch dazu beitragen, die Position von Deutsch als Fremdsprache in Schule und Hochschule zu stärken.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Fallstudie zur Bewusstmachung der Lese- Verstehens- und Recherchekompetenz bei Studierenden des Fachbereichs Übersetzen und Dolmetschen wird der Vorschlag einer didaktischen Progression bei der Strukturalisierung des Unterrichts für literarische Übersetzung erarbeitet. Dies wird am Beispiel der türkischen Übersetzungen von Goethes Briefroman "Genç Werther'in Acıları" versucht darzustellen. Zu unterstreichen ist hier jedoch, dass die Unterrichtseinheit nicht, wie es nach übersetzungstheoretischem Ansatz zu verfolgen ist, mit der Analyse des Ausgangstextes "Die Leiden des jungen Werther" (Goethe, 1774) strukturiert ist. Diese Arbeit hat zum Ziel, den Versuch einer (in Anlehnung an die kognitions- und psychologisch wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse) didaktisch modellierten Vorgehensweise mehrerer aufeinanderfolgenden Unterrichtsphasen zu veranschaulichen. Der Fokus liegt jedoch hierbei auf dem Einstieg in die Unterrichtseinheit, wobei der Lese- und Verstehensprozess auf seinen Verlauf hin empirisch zu untersuchen gilt. Dazu wird die Datenerhebungsmethode angesetzt, die in der Kognitionspsychologie und der Übersetzungsprozessforschung fundiert. Die Datenauswertung erfolgt deskriptiv. Dieses Orientierungsmuster, welches zum Ziel hat, die Selbstsicherheit der Studierenden in Bezug zu unterschiedlichen Teilkompetenzen wie Lesen, Verstehen und Recherchieren, zu fördern, soll aus der Grundvorlage selbstkritischer Unterrichtserfahrung zur Durchführung des angegebenen Materials im Übersetzungsunterricht anregen.
Im vorliegenden Artikel wird eine Vorgehensweise zur Analyse der Zielgruppe, die als Grundlage zur Auswahl eines neuen DaF-Lehrwerks dient, beschrieben und begründet. Er ist im Bereich der Lehrwerkkritik und innerhalb dieser der Ziegruppeneignungsstudie zu verorten. Diese Analyse wird in drei Schritten vollzogen, zunächst wird die institutionelle Ebene betrachtet, dann die Lernerebene und schließlich die Ebene der Lehrkräfte. Die Analyse wird am Beispiel des Alexander von Humboldt Instituts Medellin illustriert. Ziel des Artikels ist es, ein detailliertes und erweitertes Analyseraster zur Zielgruppenanalyse zu präsentieren, das andere Institutionen für ihre Zwecke nutzen und adaptieren können.
An essential factor for the naming practice lies in the language(s) spoken by that certain family. In the nowadays very common multilingual families in Transylvania, the so called ‚mixed marriages’, the linguistic contact also becomes manifest in the field of onomatology. Out of the vast subject matter, four aspects will be approached: the decline of the tradition of naming a child after a parent; naming practices following ethnic reasons in order to denote a certain identity; naming preferences for international names in mixed families; the increasing diversification and inter-culturality of name-giving due to globalization and the impact of social media. Concrete examples – based on bap tis mal registers of the local Lutheran Church – illustrate the monitored trends.
In der Tat sind Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen häufig multikausal. Neben Risikofaktoren wie Bluthochdruck, Diabetes, Nikotinmissbrauch spielen die genetische Veranlagung, familiäre und soziale Einflüsse sowie Umweltfaktoren eine Rolle, auch eigene psychische Erkrankungen und die Persönlichkeit. Ein einzelner Faktor hat in der Regel nur einen kleinen Einfluss, aber mehrere können durch Akkumulation zur Erkrankung führen. ...
Masha Bruskina wurde im Jahr 1924 in Minsk als Jüdin geboren und genoss eine gute Bildung. Doch als sie gerade einmal 17 Jahren alt war, brach der Krieg über die Sowjetunion herein und es dauerte bloß sechs Tage, bis die deutschen Truppen die Stadt einnahmen. Bruskina war als überzeugte Kommunistin schon im jungen Alter Leiterin einer Pioniereinheit und doch gezwungen, im Minsker Ghetto zu leben. In dem Unwillen ihr Schicksal hinzunehmen, wechselte sie auf die sogenannte "arische Seite" und gab sich als Nichtjüdin aus: Sie färbte ihre Haare und nahm den Namen ihrer Mutter an. Bald darauf schloss sie sich dem im Untergrund operierenden Minsker Widerstand an und arbeite als Krankenschwester, um sowjetische Soldaten in einem Krankenhaus zu versorgen und ihnen bei der Flucht zu helfen. Sie schmuggelte zivile Kleidung und Medikamente, zudem eine Kamera, mit der sie gefälschte Ausweise herstellte. Waren die Soldaten wieder auf den Beinen, führten die anderen Widerständler sie durch die Wälder zur Partisanenbewegung. ...
Anfang Februar wurde der Referentenentwurf des Bundesinnenministeriums zum sog. "Geordnete-Rückkehr-Gesetz" bekannt. Schon damals gab es Kritik an dem Vorhaben, diejenigen Personen strafrechtlich zu sanktionieren, die einen Abschiebetermin bekannt geben. Konkret geht es um den geplanten § 95 Abs. 2 Nr. 3b Aufenthaltsgesetz. ...
Wir lassen die überwältigende Fülle an Werken im Arsenale hinter uns. Das Ziel sind die Giardini, der ursprüngliche und neben dem Arsenale zweite große Ausstellungsort der Kunstschau. Dort befindet sich einer der Hauptanziehungspunkte der Biennale: Im Zentralpavillon steht die in den Medien bereits oft erwähnte und gezeigte sogenannte "Blutmaschine". Ein riesiger Roboterarm mit überdimensionaler Wischschaufel, wirkt sie in ihrer Motorik dennoch ausgesprochen menschlich. Die 32 Bewegungen, die das chinesische Künstlerduo Sun Yuan und Peng Yu dem Industrieroboter "in den Leib" programmiert haben, erinnern an Winken, Tanzen, Po-Wackeln, Innehalten und Überlegen. ...
"Herzeleid" und "Herzensfreud" – obwohl schon der griechische Philosoph Alkmaion erkannt hat, dass nicht das Herz das Zentralorgan der Wahrnehmung und der Erkenntnis ist, sondern das Gehirn, hält die Alltagssprache daran fest, dass Gefühle "Herzenssache" sind. Ganz falsch liegt sie damit nicht, denn wenn Gefühle verletzt werden, ist eben doch das Herz das Organ, das darunter zu leiden hat. Wie es dazu kommt, damit befassen sich an der Goethe-Universität Psychotherapeuten, Psychosomatiker und Kardiologen.
Den Löwen die Freiheit? Raus aus Zirkus und Zoo? Was würde ein Löwe sagen, könnte er nur reden? Der Paläontologe Joachim Scholz meint in Anlehnung an Malraux: Man lasse den Löwen zu einem Gegenstand der Forschung werden, statt zu einem solchen der Offenbarung. Jeder Löwe hat eine eigene Persönlichkeit, kein Tier gleicht dem anderen. Scholz regt Langzeitstudien nicht nur in Zoos, sondern auch im Zirkus an. Denn in der sogenannten Freiheit könnte es Löwen schon bald nicht mehr geben.
Dieser Beitrag entstand im Rahmen meiner biographie- und interaktionsanalytischen Pilotstudie zur Darstellung narrativer Identitäten und zum biographischen Werdegang von in Deutschland sozialisierten türkischstämmigen Germanistik-StudentInnen in Istanbul, die als Jugendliche bzw. junge Erwachsene meist auf der Basis von Familienentscheidungen in die Türkei migriert sind. Im Fokus der folgenden Analyse des biographischen Interviews mit dem Informanten Ali steht der biographische Entwicklungsprozess und die sukzessive Herstellung seiner Selbstverortung jenseits ethnisch-nationaler Kategorien. Bei der Rekonstruktion des biografischen Werdegangs lassen sich direkte Bezüge zu den Pries'schen Modellen zum Verhältnis von Migration und Integration herstellen: Während sich Alis Eltern an dem Modell des "Gastarbeiters" orientieren, der nach einer begrenzten Zeit im Ausland in sein Heimatland "zurückkehrt", entwickelt Ali für sich das Lebensmodell als "Transmigrant". Bei der narrativen Herstellung von Identitätsaspekten gibt es außerdem deutliche Übereinstimmungen mit den von Sievers et. al. beschriebenen Eigenschaften eines Transmigranten. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen, dass in der Kindheit und Jugend des Gastarbeiterkindes einschneidende Erlebnisse im deutschen Bildungskontext fokussiert werden. Bei der Bewältigung der Probleme gelingt es dem Erzähler jedoch sich als agentivisch starker und durchsetzungsfähiger Akteur zu präsentieren. Nach der familiären "Rückkehr" in die Türkei spielt die Auseinandersetzung mit der türkischen Umwelt die zentrale Rolle, die zur sukzessiven Loslösung aus beiden Lebenswelten und hin zur Herausbildung eines neuen transmigrantischen Selbstbildes führt.
Background: Serial volumetric changes of reconstructed breasts have not been studied in detail. In this study, we analyzed serial volumetric changes of reconstructed and contralateral normal breasts during long-term follow-up, with a focus on the effect of various adjuvant therapies.
Methods: Among all patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction with a unilateral pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (p-TRAM) flap, 42 patients with valid data from ≥3 postoperative positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans were included. The volumes of the reconstructed and normal breasts were measured, and the ratio of flap volume to that of the contralateral breast was calculated. Serial changes in volume and the volume ratio were described, and the effects of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy on volumetric changes were analyzed.
Results: The mean interval between the initial reconstruction and each PET-CT scan was 16.5, 30, and 51 months respectively. Thirty-five, 36, and 10 patients received chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiation therapy, respectively. The flap volume at each measurement was 531.0, 539.6, and 538.0 cm3, and the contralateral breast volume was 472.8, 486.4, and 500.8 cm3, respectively. The volume ratio decreased from 115.1% to 113.4%, and finally to 109.6% (P=0.02). Adjuvant therapies showed no significant effects.
Conclusions: We demonstrated that the p-TRAM flap maintained its volume over a long-term follow up, while the volume of the contralateral native breast slowly increased. Moreover, adjuvant breast cancer therapies had no statistically significant effects on the volume of the reconstructed p-TRAM flaps or the contralateral native breasts.
Background and Aims: Vitamin D has an inhibitory role in the inflammatory signaling pathways and supports the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Due to its immunomodulatory effect, vitamin D plays a role in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a deficiency is associated with an increased risk for a flare. We aimed to investigate to what extent the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3) level correlates with disease activity and whether a cut-off value can be defined that discriminates between active disease and remission. Methods: Patients with IBD, treated at the University Hospital Frankfurt were analyzed retrospectively. The 25(OH)D3 levels were correlated with clinical activity indices and laboratory chemical activity parameters. A deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D3 levels <30 ng/mL. Results: A total of 470 (257 female) patients with IBD were included, 272 (57.9%) with Crohn’s disease (CD), 198 (42.1%) with ulcerative colitis (UC). The median age of the patients was 41 (18–84). In 283 patients (60.2%), a vitamin D deficiency was detected. 245 (53.6%) patients received oral vitamin D supplementation, and supplemented patients had significantly higher vitamin D levels (p < 0.0001). Remission, vitamin D substitution, and male gender were independently associated with the 25(OH)D3 serum concentration in our cohort in regression analysis. A 25(OH)D3 serum concentration of 27.5 ng/mL was the optimal cut-off value. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common in IBD patients and appears to be associated with increased disease activity. In our study, vitamin D levels were inversely associated with disease activity. Thus, close monitoring should be established, and optimized supplementation should take place.
O artigo busca explorar a temática da 'posthistoire' no romance "Eumeswil", de Ernst Jünger, e numa série de publicações do sociólogo e filósofo Arnold Gehlen. Tentamos evidenciar as surpreendentes afinidades eletivas que existem entre os dois autores, assim como extrair de seus escritos elementos que permitam lançar luz sobre alguns dos dilemas de nossa própria época.
AS WE INCREASINGLY RELY ON SEARCH ENGINES AS AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF INFORMATION TO SUPPORT OUR DECISIONS, SEARCH ENGINES BECAME AN IMPORTANT VENUE FOR FIRMS TO ATTRACT ATTENTION AND SECURE THE LONGEVITY OF THEIR OPERATIONS. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES THE RESULTS OF OUR EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON HOW TO CAPTURE A FIRM’S VISIBILITY IN ORGANIC SEARCH AND HOW IT AFFECTS ITS SHORT- AND LONG-TERM FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE.
Kein Begriff Walter Benjamins hat der Rezeption so große Schwierigkeiten bereitet wie der des "Messianischen". [...] In diesem Aufsatz schlage ich vor, das Messianische als eine zeitliche Struktur im Rahmen von Benjamins politischer Zeitphilosophie zu betrachten. Diese Struktur, so werde ich argumentieren, bildet einen aktualisierbaren, immanenten zeitlichen Index. Als Zeitstruktur verstanden wird das Messianische zu einem Grenzbegriff, der ontologische Theologie und materialistische Kritik vermittelt. Dieser Zusammenhang lässt sich anhand des Begriffes des Virtuellen, so wie ihn Gilles Deleuze entwickelt hat, verdeutlichen. Mit Deleuze gesprochen stellt das Virtuelle eine Wirklichkeitskategorie des mehr als bloß Möglichen dar, wobei sich die Realität in Virtualität und Aktualität differenziert. Im theoretischen Kontext der Zeitphilosophie charakterisiert der Begriff eine nicht aktualisierte Intensität, die dennoch in ihrer Unaktualität eine reale Wirkung hat. Diese reale Potenzialität, auf die der Begriff des Virtuellen zielt, ermöglicht meines Erachtens eine Entmystifizierung des theologischen Gehalts des Messianischen. Wenn sich das Messianische nicht als soteriologischer Mystizismus, sondern als immanente Virtualität verstehen lässt, so ist dies erstens mit dem Materialismus vereinbar, und zweitens dient es der Klärung des Verhältnisses von Zeitphilosophie und politischer Theorie Benjamins. Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es daher, den esoterischen Begriff des Messianischen anhand des systematischen Begriffs des Virtuellen zu entfalten und in einer Zeitphilosophie der Immanenz zu verorten. Als Zeitstruktur bedingt das Messianische die im Engagement begriffene Stellung der Gegenwart zur und in der Geschichte, welche die Grundlage der Revolutionstheorie Benjamins bildet. Dessen Erhellung soll neues Licht auf das politische Potenzial seines Spätwerks werfen.
Background: Computerized virtual patients (VP) have spread into many areas of healthcare delivery and medical education. They provide various advantages like flexibility in pace and space of learning, a high degree of teaching reproducibility and a cost effectiveness. However, the educational benefit of VP as an additive or also as an alternative to traditional teaching formats remains unclear. Moreover, there are no randomized-controlled studies that investigated the use of VP in a dental curriculum. Therefore, this study investigates VP as an alternative to lecturer-led small-group teaching in a curricular, randomized and controlled setting.
Methods: Randomized and controlled cohort study. Four VP cases were created according to previously published design principles and compared with lecturer-led small group teaching (SGT) within the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clerkship for dental students at the Department for Cranio-, Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. Clinical competence was measured prior (T0), directly (T1) and 6 weeks (T2) after the intervention using theoretical tests and a self-assessment questionnaire. Furthermore, VP design was evaluated using a validated toolkit.
Results: Fifty-seven students (VP = 32; SGT = 25) agreed to participate in the study. No competence differences were found at T0 (p = 0.56). The VP group outperformed (p < .0001) the SGT group at T1. At T2 there was no difference between both groups (p = 0.55). Both interventions led to a significant growth in self-assessed competence. The VP group felt better prepared to diagnose and treat real patients and regarded VP cases as a rewarding learning experience.
Conclusions: VP cases are an effective alternative to lecture-led SGT in terms of learning efficacy in the short and long-term as well as self-assessed competence growth and student satisfaction. Furthermore, integrating VP cases within a curricular Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clerkship is feasible and leads to substantial growth of clinical competence in undergraduate dental students.
Vom 1. bis zum 8. April 2019 fand im Übersetzerhaus Looren die erste Tschechisch-Slowakisch-Deutsche Übersetzerwerkstatt statt. Sie wurde im Rahmen der "ViceVersa"-Reihe des Programms TOLEDO veranstaltet. Neben dem Deutschen Übersetzerfonds und der Robert
Bosch Stiftung wurde die Veranstaltung vom Auswärtigen Amt, der Schweizer Kulturstiftung Pro Helvetia, dem České literární centrum und dem Literárne informačné centrum gefördert.
Heart valve disease is a major clinical problem worldwide. Cardiac valve development and homeostasis need to be precisely controlled. Hippo signaling is essential for organ development and tissue homeostasis, while its role in valve formation and morphology maintenance remains unknown. VGLL4 is a transcription cofactor in vertebrates and we found it was mainly expressed in valve interstitial cells at the post-EMT stage and was maintained till the adult stage. Tissue specific knockout of VGLL4 in different cell lineages revealed that only loss of VGLL4 in endothelial cell lineage led to valve malformation with expanded expression of YAP targets. We further semi-knockout YAP in VGLL4 ablated hearts, and found hyper proliferation of arterial valve interstitial cells was significantly constrained. These findings suggest that VGLL4 is important for valve development and manipulation of Hippo components would be a potential therapy for preventing the progression of congenital valve disease.
Introduction and Objectives: Surgical techniques such as preservation of the full functional-length of the urethral sphincter (FFLU) have a positive impact on postoperative continence rates. Thereby, data on very early continence rates after radical prostatectomy (RP) are scarce. The aim of the present study was to analyze very early continence rates in patients undergoing FFLU during RP.
Materials and Methods: Very early-continence was assessed by using the PAD-test within 24 h after removal of the transurethral catheter. The PAD-test is a validated test that measures the amount of involuntary urine loss while performing predefined physical activities within 1 h (e.g., coughing, walking, climbing stairs). Full continence was defined as a urine loss below 1 g. Mild, moderate, and severe incontinence was defined as urine loss of 1–10 g, 11–50 g, and >50 g, respectively.
Results: 90 patients were prospectively analyzed. Removal of the catheter was performed on the 6th postoperative day. Proportions for no, mild, moderate and severe incontinence were 18.9, 45.5, 20.0, and 15.6%, respectively. In logistic regression younger age was associated with significant better continence (HR 2.52, p = 0.04), while bilateral nerve-sparing (HR 2.56, p = 0.057) and organ-confined tumor (HR 2.22, p = 0.078) showed lower urine loss, although the effect was statistically not significant. In MVA, similar results were recorded.
Conclusion: Overall, 64.4% of patients were continent or suffered only from mild incontinence at 24 h after catheter removal. In general, reduced urine loss was recorded in younger patients, patients with organ-confined tumor and in patients with bilateral nerve sparing. Severe incontinence rates were remarkably low with 15.6%.
This article analyzes the relationship between emotions and jazz music in Lithuanian literature originating during the Soviet-era, and considers emotions as text phenomena. In the following investigation, a drama by Juozas Grušas, two prose works by Romualdas Lankauskas and Ričardas Gavelis, and four poems by Judita Vaičiūnaitė, Janina Degutytė, Antanas Jonynas and Tomas Arūnas Rudokas are analyzed in chronological order. The analysis focuses on two types of verbal configuration of emotion: thematization (explicit emotions; content level) and presentation (implicit configuration of emotions, content, and form level). The following questions come to the fore: What emotions are named in the texts? How are they depicted? What emotions are thematized in conjunction with the music? What effect does the jazz music have, and what emotions arise at its reception in the text? How are those emotions and jazz music related to the historical context, namely the Soviet period?
Vernarbung stoppen
(2019)
The present study takes two tendencies into account that have shaped the cultural contact between the Romanian culture and the culture of the German minority in Romania. On the one hand, the re-writing of history respectively of the historical discourse according to cultural policy of the Romanian communist state is envisaged, on the other hand, the selection of articles on Romanian culture and literature published in the weekly Karpatenrundschau are analysed in order to trace tendencies cultural transfer.
This paper deals with complex prefix-particle structures like aberkennen in German. First, it presents a scheme to analyse these double complex words from a synchronic point of view. Second, it is shown for words with ab-, that this type of word formation is typical for Middle and Early Modern High German and reasons for the decrease are discussed.
Background: Zika is of great medical relevance due to its rapid geographical spread in 2015 and 2016 in South America and its serious implications, for example, certain birth defects. Recent epidemics urgently require a better understanding of geographic patterns of the Zika virus transmission risk. This study aims to map the Zika virus transmission risk in South and Central America. We applied the maximum entropy approach, which is common for species distribution modelling, but is now also widely in use for estimating the geographical distribution of infectious diseases.
Methods: As predictor variables we used a set of variables considered to be potential drivers of both direct and indirect effects on the emergence of Zika. Specifically, we considered (a) the modelled habitat suitability for the two main vector species Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus as a proxy of vector species distributions; (b) temperature, as it has a great influence on virus transmission; (c) commonly called evidence consensus maps (ECM) of human Zika virus infections on a regional scale as a proxy for virus distribution; (d) ECM of human dengue virus infections and, (e) as possibly relevant socio-economic factors, population density and the gross domestic product.
Results: The highest values for the Zika transmission risk were modelled for the eastern coast of Brazil as well as in Central America, moderate values for the Amazon basin and low values for southern parts of South America. The following countries were modelled to be particularly affected: Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Venezuela. While modelled vector habitat suitability as predictor variable showed the highest contribution to the transmission risk model, temperature of the warmest quarter contributed only comparatively little. Areas with optimal temperature conditions for virus transmission overlapped only little with areas of suitable habitat conditions for the two main vector species. Instead, areas with the highest transmission risk were characterised as areas with temperatures below the optimum of the virus, but high habitat suitability modelled for the two main vector species.
Conclusion: Modelling approaches can help estimating the spatial and temporal dynamics of a disease. We focused on the key drivers relevant in the Zika transmission cycle (vector, pathogen, and hosts) and integrated each single component into the model. Despite the uncertainties generally associated with modelling, the approach applied in this study can be used as a tool and assist decision making and managing the spread of Zika.
Muitas vezes, instituições escolares e políticas supervalorizam a norma padrão, raramente reconhecendo a legitimidade da variação linguística. Entretanto, a variação (histórica, geográfica, social ou estilística), sendo inerente a todas as línguas, não pode ser ignorada. Em sala de aula, tanto de língua materna quanto de língua estrangeira, é necessário abordar a variação, de modo que o aluno possa usar a língua em contextos diversificados e realísticos, sem criar uma versão estereotipada. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender se e em que contextos as diferentes variedades da língua alemã se concretizam em dois livros didáticos para o ensino como língua estrangeira, um para adolescentes e outro para adultos. O método da pesquisa é de cunho quanti-qualitativo, estabelecendo uma visão panorâmica da variação e analisando o tratamento dado a ela em atividades selecionadas. Os resultados sugerem que os livros abordam apenas alguns aspectos da variação geográfica e estilística. Na discussão, são problematizados esses resultados, com o intuito de auxiliar professores na avaliação e no manejo de materiais didáticos com relação à variação linguística.
Background: Transplantation of human corneal tissue is associated with the potential risk of transmittance of viral infections. In accordance with European directives and federal laws, in Germany each tissue donor has to be tested for infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, most of the currently available CE-marked serologic and nucleic acid screening systems are only validated for antemortem blood. Methods: Twenty related and paired ante- and postmortem blood samples from cornea donors were obtained and subsequently analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B antibody (anti-HBc), anti-HCV, HCV RNA, anti-HIV-1/2, and HIV p24 Ag using Abbott test systems. The sera were also spiked with reference materials in concentrations giving low and high positivity for HBV, HCV, and HIV markers. Results: The spiked ante- and postmortem sera from related donors showed similar results for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HCV RNA, anti-HIV, and HIV p24 Ag, indicating a high stability of viral markers in cadaveric specimens. Three cornea donors had a medical history of HBV infection and revealed anti-HBc at similar levels in the ante- and postmortem sera. In addition, there was a single postmortem sample demonstrating a weak signal of anti-HIV-1 and HIV-1 p24 Ag. False-positive or false-negative results were not detected. The results obtained with the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer and Abbott RealTime HCV PCR showed no significant differences. Conclusion: The analyzed screening assays are suitable for the detection of infectious markers of HBV, HCV, and HIV at similar levels in spiked ante- and postmortem sera from cornea donors.
Uzaktan eğitim yaklaşık 200 sene önce mektup aracılığı ile yapılan steno dersleriyle başlamış olsa da kavramın sistematik olarak eğitimde uygulanması teknolojinin gelişmesiyle paralellik gösterir. Yüz yüze eğitimin belirli bir zamanı, mekânı gerektirmek gibi bazı sınırlılıkları vardır. Yeni medyanın insanların hayatına girmesi ile iletişimin şeklinin değişmesi, bilim insanlarının uzaktan eğitime ilgisini arttırmıştır. Çünkü teknolojik ilerlemeler eğitim sistemini kökten değiştirebilecek duruma gelmiştir ve yüz-yüze eğitimdeki zamana ve mekâna bağlı olma zorunluluğunu ortadan kaldırabilecek potansiyele sahiptir. Bu durum dil öğrenen insanlara daha bireysel ve öz yönetimli öğrenme imkanı sağlar. Uzaktan eğitime dair birçok tanımlama çeşitli kuramlar çerçevesinde yapılmıştır. "Uzaktan Eğitim" teknolojinin sunduğu imkânlar ölçüsünde daima geliştirilmeye açık bir eğitim biçimidir. Bazı ülkeler uzaktan eğitimin önemini daha önce görmüş ve bu konuda yoğun çaba göstermişlerdir. Bu çabalar sonucu uzaktan eğitim, geleneksel eğitime hem bir yol arkadaşı hem de onun ezeli rakibi olabilecek duruma gelmiştir. Bireyselleşme olgusunun gün geçtikçe arttığı ve ortamdan bağımsız öğrenme imkânlarının çok kolaylaştığı 2000'li yıllar eğitimde teknolojiyle bütünleşmiş bir dönüşümü zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Birbiri içine bu denli girmiş çok değişkenli süreçler, eğitim-öğretimde öğrenci ve öğretmenlerin geleneksel görev ve sorumluluklarını da değiştirmektedir. Dil öğrenenlerin kendi başlarına öğrenme ortamlarını düzenleyebilmeleri ve bu ortamlardan verimli şekilde yararlanabilmeleri için sınıf içi ve sınıf dışı öğrenme ortamlarının eğitsel ilkeler açısından düzenlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu amaca ulaşabilmek için dil öğretimi ile ilgilenen kişilerin özerk öğrenmeyi etkileyen etkenleri ve onların öğretimde nasıl uygulanacağını bilmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı uzaktan eğitim kavramını genel hatları ile tanıtmak, uzaktan eğitimde öğrenci özerkliği kavramının ortaya çıkışını temel kuramlar çerçevesinde incelemek ve bu kapsamda dil öğrenme özerkliğini tartışmaktır.
Utility of the new cobas HCV test for viral load monitoring during direct-acting antiviral therapy
(2019)
Background: The COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan assay HCV (CAP/CTM) is widely used in clinical routine for HCV testing. Recently, the new cobas HCV test was established for high throughput testing with minimal operator intervention. As different assays may yield different quantitative/qualitative results that possibly impact treatment decisions, the aim of this study was to externally evaluate the cobas HCV test performance in comparison to CAP/CTM in a clinically relevant setting.
Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 270 patients who received direct acting antiviral therapy with different treatment regimens at two study sites (Hannover and Frankfurt) in 2016. Overall, 1545 samples (baseline, on-treatment and follow-up) were tested in parallel by both assays.
Results: The mean difference between cobas HCV and CAP/CTM for the quantification of HCV RNA was 0.008 log10 IU/ml HCV RNA (95% limits of agreement: -0.02–0.036) showing excellent agreement of both assays. With respect to clinical cut offs (HCV RNA detectable vs. target not detected and HCV RNA above the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) vs. <LLOQ), discordant results were obtained in 9.5% and 4.6%, respectively; the greatest differences were observed during early stages of antiviral therapy (week 1, week 2 and week 4), but none were statistically significant. Overall percent agreement for SVR between cobas HCV and CAP/CTM at the 15 IU/ml cutoff was 99.2% (95%CI 92.7%-100%).
Conclusion: The performance of the new cobas HCV test was comparable to CAP/CTM in a clinical setting representing a large patient population with HCV GT 1 and 3 treated with DAAs.