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O olhar estrangeiro
(1998)
This text tries to illustrate what we understand by strangeness, alterity and exotopy. From the point of view of a stranger, we, as Brazilians, see and read products of foreign cultures in an exotopic way, which is quite productive. The same occurs with Germans looking at US, which gives us another view of ourselves. As an illustration, the poem "calypso" from Ernst Jandl will be discussed in this context.
This paper focusses On the discussion of the preservation of expressive aspects in translation., Considerations are grounded on the HJELMSLEVian concepts of the isomorphy between the planes of content and expression, which are both constituted by-substance and form. The present study intends to show that the connotative equivalence of a text can only be achieved in the target language when attention is paid to both the formal-stylistic and the textual-normative dimensions. This involves the appropriation of the stylistic values of the linguistic expression in the source language and, mainly, the understanding of the tropes and the relationships between them. Thus, the present study draws on discourse analysis, comprehending "enunciation" theories and the rhetorical and pragmatic considerations on the level of expression. Considering that the literary text is privileged in providing stylistically marked choices, it is important to highlight the phonetic and semantic correspondences, that is, the close relationship between sound and meaning, which harbours one of the major difficulties in translation. The theory is applied to "Os Sertões" (English translation: "Rebellion on the Backlands") by Euclides da Cunha.
A tradução de Samuel Putnam de "Os Sertões" : "Rebellion in the Backlands" de Euclides da Cunha
(1997)
The present paper looks at certain aspects of Samuel Putnam's translation of Euclides da Cunha's "Os Sertões", "Rebellion in the Backlands". Of great importance is the fact that "Os Sertões", usually seen as a work of literature in Brazil, is seen more as a factual narrative in English, and placed by its publisher, the University of Chicago Press, in the Literature/History section. Putnam also adds a large number of footnotes to those of Euclides de Cunha. Also of interest is the fact that Putnam, translating just when the US was entering the Second World War, goes to great lengths in his preface to emphasize how close "Os Sertões" is to the American experience of division in both the Civil War and the entrance of the US into the Second World War.
German particles usually bring great difficulties to German students. One of these particles, doch, is very often used, especially in conversation. In this paper its various uses are discussed, as well as eases where it can be replaced by other particles, adverbs or conjunctions, without changing the illocution (that is, the intention of the speaker). This study is based on the work of HELBIG, who differentiates eight varieties of doch. Each of them is discussed here according to syntactic, semantic and pragmatic criteria and made explicit through examples.
An important role in the coherence of texts is played by the distribution of information in the sentence. The present paper especially examines the beginning of sentences (topics). Which syntactic elements are most adequate to initiate a sentence, and which of their characteristics can be considered responsible for this? After a short review of the pertinent literature, we shall present grammatical, semantic and pragmatic factors that organize topicalization. The point of departure are the patterns of basic serialization as defined by the grammar. Deviations of these patterns can particularly be a result of the principle of known information. In addition to this constitutive principle, we can distinguish five regulative principles that lead to non-marked topicalizations (situation, empathy, iconicity, lengthening terms, text connection). In the closing sections, the positioning of phrasal accents and some special types of topics will be discussed. All the examples given are from modem German.
This paper aims to investigate the dynamics of text-image interplay as exemplified by various text types applied to second language teaching and translation didactics. Based on examples of texts from the fields of Science, Technology, Literature and Language Teaching, the authors attempt to assess both successful and unsuccessful instances of the application of iconical resources in text production. Some didactic consequences are discussed.
In this article, we try to identify characteristics of German Expressionism in contemporary literature and its possible variations. The focus will be on the generation conflict and the text "Suchbild über meinen Vater" by Christoph Meckel (1980).
The title "Paul Celan: Expression of the unspeakable" explains Celan's technique of showing the crude reality of the Third Reich with simple linguistic means, using traditional topoi of the lyric. Celan also questions the German language after Auschwitz in his poem Todesfuge.
In expressionist poetry we can detect a first major rupture in the relations between man and nature. In expressionist poems such as "Weltende" ("The end of the world") by Jakob van Hoddis, we can read and see the fear and distrust of man in face cf the progress that the industrial revolution has brought. The theme of the destruction of nature in our days caused by modern/post-modern technology may be also read and seen in German literature of the eighties, as for example in the poems of Sarah Kirsch, in which she shows concrete landscapes,
poisoned rivers, forests and air.
This paper examines avant-garde literature in the GDR, especially works written by Irmtraud Morgner and Heiner Müller.
The analysis of the Drama "Die Verfolgung und Ermordung Jean Paul Marats dargestellt durch die Schauspielgruppe des Hospizes zu Charenton unter der Anleitung des Herrn de Sade" (1964) by Peter Weiss shows how the author used surrealistic elements such as the theme of madness and the illogical structure of a play within a play. With this play, Weiss was enormously popular throughout the world, and his success as a modern German dramatist is second only to Brecht.
Alfred Döblin is a theorist of German Expressionismus and of the epic novel. In "Berlin Alexanderplatz", he shows the theories of his essay "Der Bau des epischen Werks" ("The construction of the epic werk") in practice. The present paper analyses the following aspects of the novel: 1) the development of the plot, 2) the structure, 3) the language, 4) the function of time, 5) the space of the city, 6) the narrator, 7) the characters.
Franz Kafka: raízes
(1997)
This text attempts to follow the roots of Franz Kalka's works, looking for them in different concentric and excentric circles. A first and narrow circle is made up of Kafka's family, with the domineering figure of the authoritarian father. A second and wider circle is that of the Jews in Prague, condemned to a position of outsiders. This condition is also that of the third and still wider circle, that of the German speaking population of Prague at the beginning of the century. The roots that emerge from these circles are conditioning factors for Kafka's own position as an outsider, but at the same time they enable him to take on the role of the poet as prophet.
Teatro expressionista
(1997)
This paper discusses expressionist theatre, its thematic and dramatic aspects, and its most important authors.
Durch ein close reading zweier der bekanntesten Gedichte aus der Sammlung "Morgue" (1912) von Gottfried Benn – "Kleine Aster” and "Schöne Jugend" – wird der deutsche Expressionismus definiert und in seinen Merkmalen erklärt.
As transformações desencadeadas na Alemanha pela Queda do Muro de Berlim, bem como pela consequente união dos dois Estados alemães, a 3 de outubro do ano seguinte, tiveram ressonância excecional por todo o mundo. Acontecimentos contíguos, ambos redundaram inevitavelmente numa reestruturação da arquitetura política e ideológica de toda a Europa. A Reunificação Alemã foi, na verdade, recebida pelos restantes países europeus como case-study para a projetada Unificação Europeia. Nascia, assim, um intenso debate entre europeístas, por um lado, os quais olhavam a Reunificação Alemã como um passo determinante no caminho da construção de uma Europa democrática, e eurocéticos, por outro lado, os quais, não acreditando numa integração europeia, temiam o ressurgimento do “gigante” alemão. Portugal estava particularmente interessado nesta discussão, devido à sua posição periférica no contexto europeu. Torna-se assim interessante verificar de que forma estes acontecimentos foram acompanhados na imprensa periódica portuguesa de referência. Com este objetivo, foi analisada mais de uma centena de notícias, artigos de opinião, reportagens, entrevistas e editoriais, publicados de julho a dezembro de 1990 nos semanários Expresso e O Independente, e ainda no diário Público.
Nas eleições legislativas de 3 de Outubro de 1999, a Österreichische Volkspartei liderada por Wolfgang Schüssel forma governo com a terceira força partidária do país, a Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, dirigida pelo controverso governador da Caríntia Jörg Haider que, com os seus discursos de cariz claramente xenófobo, lançou o olhar da Europa sobre a Áustria pelas piores razões. No rescaldo desta coligação, mediante um cenário que, em larga escala, parecia representar um retrocesso no passado, o escritor e ativista político austríaco de origem judaica Doron Rabinovici publica um texto no jornal israelita HaGalil, ao qual dá o curioso título “Doron R. und D. Rabinovici. Der nationale Doppler”. Trata-se, na verdade, de uma espécie de diálogo assumidamente esquizofrénico no qual Doron R., o israelita, interpela D. Rabinovici, o austríaco, e o desafia a repensarem a sua relação [...]. Em 2010, uma década após ter publicado este texto, Rabinovici regressa ao registo literário com Andernorts, romance onde parece retomar esse diálogo. Se, no final da década de noventa, D. Rabinovici, o austríaco, reconhece que se sente simultaneamente parte integrante da cidade de Viena, porém também um estranho, porque, no fundo, o seu país é responsável pela morte de milhões de membros do seu povo, o protagonista do romance aqui em apreço, Ethan Rosen, também ele um israelita que vive em Viena, tece considerações semelhantes, mas desta feita relativamente a Israel: “Er wusste sich zu Hause, fühlte sich so heimisch und fremd zugleich, da ihn die Sehnsucht erfaßte sofort wiederfortzufliegen”. (Rabinovici 2010, 80)
Nach den Kolloquien, die 2009 und 2010 in Braga/Portugal stattfanden, organisierte der Portugiesische Germanistikverband (APEG - Associação Portuguesa de Estudos Germanísticos) am 28. und 29. Oktober 2011 sein III. Forum, welches jungen GermanistInnen gewidmet war. Die Tagung fand in diesem Jahr an der Universität Coimbra statt und versammelte über 20 junge GermanistInnen, die ihre Forschungsarbeiten zum Thema „Em Trânsito – Übergänge. Grenzen überschreiten in der Germanistik“ vortrugen. Diese Sondernummer der REAL stellt einige der Beiträge dieses Kolloquiums der breiteren Gemeinschaft der GermanistInnen vor. Damit wollen sowohl die APEG als auch die REAL ihren Beitrag zur Förderung des internationalen Nachwuchses in der Germanistik leisten.
Die jungen GermanistInnen wurden dazu eingeladen, über Kultur als einen dynamischen Prozess und als Zusammentreffen verschiedenartiger komplexer Beziehungen von und in unterschiedlichen (Grenz)gebieten, die sich ständig neu definieren, zu äußern. Das Kolloquium gab die Möglichkeit zu einer breiten Diskussion über die Wahrnehmung von Grenzen und deren unterschiedliche Herausbildung, über Verschränkungen, Verhandlungen und Übersetzung, über Identitäten, Beziehungen und Konzepte, die sich entlang, gegen und mit diesen Grenzen herausbilden und artikulieren.
Die verschiedenen Sektionen und Beiträge dieser Sondernummer dokumentieren, dass die hybriden Gebiete und fließenden Schnittstellen, die sich beim Zusammentreffen von Grenzen ergeben, zumeist die größten Herausforderungen, aber auch die produktivsten Schauplätze für konzeptionelle Entwicklungen und praktische Analysen darstellen. Sie zwingen uns, sowohl Konzepte und Fachgebiete, als auch den eigenen Standort in der Wissenschaft zu hinterfragen, da sie den epistemologischen Prozess durch Instabilität, Bewegung und Verschiebungen beeinflussen.
O artigo investiga a formação, a carreira e os trabalhos de Max Weber como jurista, assim como delineia as linhas gerais do impacto e das influências de sua formação jurídica na sua obra em geral. Especial atenção merece sua tese de doutorado sobre as sociedades comerciais na Idade Média, que é apresentada em sua problematização geral e em suas principais ideias. Com isso, procura-se indicar como os problemas tratados por Weber em sua tese de doutorado - sua principal obra jurídica - antecipam temas e problemas que serão desenvolvidos na obra posterior de modo ampliado e aprofundado.
A intenção do presente trabalho é apresentar uma discussão sobre as análises de como a modificação de futuros potenciais de conhecimento influenciaram, por um lado, os novos conceitos de currículo e didática e, por outro lado, as reformas pedagógicas efetuadas no sistema educacional na Alemanha, a partir de um projeto desenvolvido pelo autor - pesquisador do Instituto Federal de Formação Profissional/BIBB/Berlin. Ao longo do texto procurar-se-á indicar que, como conseqüência das inovações pedagógicas ligadas ao conceito de qualificação-chave, ou seja competência profissional para a ação, ocorreu decisivamente uma nova orientação na construção de currículos e na teoria didática do referido país.
Trabalho e consciência : mudanças na sociedade do trabalho e a reconstrução da teoria de classe
(2002)
Este artigo busca discutir as possibilidades e limitações de se utilizar para a análise das sociedades industriais modernas o conceito de classe advindo das determinações econômicas do marxismo. Com a aumento da complexidade destas sociedades e de suas formas de produzir, com a predominância de novos setores como o de serviços no processo de reprodução do capital, como dar conta e criar um conceito que integre todos os excluídos e incluídos no sistema capitalista de trabalho e que dê conta das novas possibilidades de constituição de uma consciência política comum. Tendo por referência a discussão alemã contemporânea sobre a questão, busca–se entender que as tendências da reorganização sistêmica da produção em empresas modernas, provocam, na sua forma inovadora, uma mudança no status do trabalhador na fábrica e na sua consciência tradicional.
"Entre direitos iguais, a força decide", proferiu karl marx ao descrever a antinomia do direito em situações antagônicas das relações de produção capitalistas, em que "o direito [oferece resistência] ao direito" nesse ponto, marx aborda uma questão que se situa no centro de todas as teorias jurídicas críticas: que tipo de violência é velada por meio do mecanismo de ocultação denominado "direito"? Para responder a esta questão, tentar-se-á, a seguir, tornar a teoria da hegemonia de antonio gramsci e seu modelo de direito hegemônico produtivos para o campo da teoria do direito. Tal tarefa tem de lidar com a dupla dificuldade de que, por um lado, gramsci não foi um teórico do direito no sentido mais estrito, razão pela qual o potencial de sua teoria para uma análise do direito raramente foi utilizada. Por outro lado, sua abordagem só pode ser empregada por meio de uma crítica às restrições relacionadas a seu tempo. isso se aplica especialmente à sua concepção de economia como a base e a núcleo essencialista oculto (laclau; mouffe, 2001:69), assim como à sua ideia de 'classismo' sob a forma de um enfoque unilateral das classes, em que há preferencialmente mais de um "pluralismo de poder" e inúmeras lutas (litowitz, 2000: 536). Recuperar-se-á, consequentemente, argumentos-chave, ampliando-os pela utilização das recentes descobertas feitas pelas abordagens feminista e neomaterialista da teoria jurídica, bem como as análises de foucault acerca das tecnologias de poder. por fim, uma interpretação da teoria sistêmica das autonomizações comunicativas.
O 11 de setembro acelerou o desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura transnacional de segurança que intervém profundamente nas liberdades civis individuais, tanto nos direitos básicos dos cidadãos dos Estados como nos direitos humanos dos cidadãos mundiais. O artigo delineia essa arquitetura, mostra como ela dissolve as categorias jurídicas tradicionais que preservam a liberdade e discute por que hoje se aceita amplamente a prioridade da segurança sobre a liberdade.
Os limites da tolerância
(2009)
Este artigo apresenta os elementos constitutivos do conceito de tolerância e discute duas concepções diferentes do termo, como permissão e como respeito moral, que expressam modos diversos de demarcar os limites da tolerância. A tolerância é apresentada como um conceito que, para ganhar algum conteúdo, depende normativamente de um direito à justificação baseado na idéia de um uso público da razão segundo o qual as práticas e as instituições político-jurídicas que determinam a vida social dos cidadãos devem ser justificáveis à luz de normas que eles não podem recíproca e genericamente rejeitar.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
Die Zeitschrift Pandaemonium Germanicum erscheint zweimal jährlich und versteht sich als Forum für die wissenschaftliche Diskussion in den verschiedenen Bereichen der internationalen Germanistik, nämlich der Literatur- und Übersetzungswissenschaft, Linguistik, DaF und Kulturstudien. Die Zeitschrift wird von der deutschen Abteilung der FFLCH-USP (Universität São Paulo) seit 1997 herausgegeben und will zur Verbreitung unveröffentlichter Forschungen von GermanistInnen aus Brasilien und anderen Ländern, sowie zur Förderung des Dialogs zwischen der Germanistik und anderen Wissensbereichen beitragen.
No trabalho de Bertolt Brecht relacionado com o cinema pode-se distinguir quatro fases: 1. Início dos anos vinte - argumentos, guiões para filmes publicitários e de aventura. Os únicos projectos realizados: Mysterien eines Frisiersalons de Erich Engel, 1923 (Brecht colaborou na realização). O seu argumento Robinsonade auf Assuncion escrito em conjunto com Arnolt Bronnen foi alterado para o filme SOS. Die Insel der Tränen (1923). 2. Início dos anos trinta - processo contra a companhia Nero-Film para recuperar os direitos de autor concedidos para a versão fílmica da Ópera dos três vinténs; realizada por Georg Wilhelm Pabst em 1930/31 (argumento: Laszlo Vajda, Leo Lania, Béla Balázs). Primeiro documento cinematográfico de uma peça de Brecht: Mann ist Mann (Bert Brecht, 1931); o filme ideológico (esteticamente infl. por Eisenstein): Kuhle Wampe oder wem gehört die Welt? realizado por Slatan Dudow em 1931 (argumento: Bert Brecht e Ernst Ottwalt). 3. Exílio americano – para ganhar dinheiro Brecht volta a escrever argumentos e guiões para a indústria de Hollywood. Dos ca. de 50 textos produzidos só um foi aproveitado para o filme anti-fascista Hangmen also die (Fritz Lang, 1943), no qual Brecht colaborou no argumento. È considerado uma das produções mais importantes deste género junto com Casablanca (M. Curtiz, 1943). 4. Produção pós-guerra - guiões para Mutter Courage (1952) e Herr Puntila und sein Knecht Matti (1955); realização das versões fílmicas da comedia Katzgraben (1957) de Erwin Strittmatter e da sua peça Die Mutter (1958), encenadas pelo Berliner Ensemble.
Nota de encerramento
(2011)
Alessandra Belletti Figueira: Narrativas a luz da história: a estetização da adolescência em contexto de guerra ; Ana Paula Cantarelli: O confronto entre cidade interiorana e metrópole na obra de Caio Fernando Abreu ; Antonio Barros de Brito Júnior: Política da interpretação do texto literário: alguma ética é possível? ; Antônio Carlos Silveira Xerxenesky: Inevitabilidade e Apocalipse: o Fracasso do Humanismo em 2666, de Roberto Bolaño ; Carina Marques: Do criador de civilização ao eu-abismo: uma leitura palimpsestuosa do Fausto de Fernando Pessoa ; Cristiano Mello de Oliveira: A linguagem da resistência na obra “Cidade de Deus” de Paulo Lins ; Daisy da Silva César: Relação entre artes, media e formas expressivas: a personagem Fantomas em seus diversos contextos ; Denise Silva: Homogeneização cultural x Soberania nacional: uma discussão sobre a possibilidade do apagamento das culturas locais ; Dogomar González Baldi: Bartolomé de Las Casas, “O paraíso destruído; Gonzalo Guerrero, O Renegado; e “Avatar”, o filme para além de civilização e barbárie: a questão do outro não humano, uma leitura antropo-ética interdisciplinar ; Elisa de Avila Hönnicke: Trauma e tempo nas manifestações do onze de setembro - conflito entre as necessidades de lembrar e esquecer ; Fabrícia Silva Dantas e Luciano Barbosa Justino: Poesia, corpo e cinema em Terra em transe de Glauber Rocha ; Felipe Grüne Ewald: A consciência participante: perspectivismo e tradução cultural ; Fernanda Borges: Los premios: identidade e cultura sob um viés existencialista ; Francesca Batista de Azevedo: Diálogos entre Bernard Lahire e Clarice Lispector: Sociologia psicológica e um cego mascando chicles ; Gabriela Semensato Ferreira: Ser ou não ser: a questão do “eu” na ficção ; Gerson Neumann: Uma literatura sem lugar definido ; Giórgio Zimann Gislon: Aguardar, e, ou, caminhar ; Gisélle Razera: Simão Bacamarte e Policarpo Quaresma: Ciência, Nacionalismo e Hegemonia Europeia ; Ilva Maria Boniatti: O local revisitado em Luís Antônio de Assis Brasil ; José Teixeira Félix: Da oralidade ao escrito ou de como narrativas produzidas por indígenas brasileiros estão saindo das margens para o centro das discussões acadêmicas em cursos de Letras, no Brasil ; Larissa Daiane Pujol Corsino dos Santos: A confiança da imaginação popular nos media: o espaço textual nas telenovelas ; Melissa Rubio dos Santos: A mobilidade memorial ou intersubjetiva em Le goût des jeunes filles de Dany Laferrière ; Michele Savaris e Anelise Ferreira Riva: As versões hispanoamericanas da Bela Adormecida: gênero, memória e intertextualidade ; Rafael Eisinger Guimarães: Entre el campo y la estancia: lar, família e identidade gauchesca nas obras de José Hernández, Jorge Luis Borges e Silvina Ocampo ; Simone Xavier Moreira: Biografia, autobiografia e reminiscências: as construções discursivas de Caio Fernando Abreu ; Vinícius Gonçalves Carneiro: Cartas de Caio Fernando Abreu e Paulo Leminski: a história de um esquecimento e o fetiche da marginalização ; Vivian Nickel: Descolonizando traumas, narrando memórias: os estudos pós-coloniais do trauma e a literatura
A história da imagem perdida
(2011)
Estes anais reúnem os trabalhos que, após apresentação no Seminário Nacional Vanguardas, Surrealismo e Modernidade: Europa e Américas, foram entregues, no prazo estabelecido, por seus autores à Comissão Organizadora do Congresso; foram todos submetidos a processo de avaliação por pareceristas, desenvolvido pela Comissão Científica de Publicação dos Anais, com a colaboração de pareceristas ad hoc externos à Comissão e à UFRGS, sob a coordenação de Robert Ponge, Ruben Daniel Méndez Castiglioni, Janaína de Azevedo Baladão e Nara H. N. Machado. – Os coordenadores do evento agradecem: aos professores Michael Korfmann e Gerson R. Neumann, editores da Contingentia, por acolher a publicação dos anais nas páginas de sua revista; à acadêmica Gabriela W. Linck, monitora da revista, pelas tarefas decorrentes da inserção dos anais na Contingentia.
The reception of Franz Kafka’s work is normally seen from the perspective of human condition, the labyrinth, the bureaucracy that imposes itself over the individual and so on. There is no doubt about the importance of this perspective for the study of Kafka’s work. Nevertheless, the objective of the present paper is to point out another aspect in Kafka’s work, which is the relation to the visual medium Kaiserpanorama in his fictional writings. The starting points of this discussion are the books “Kafka goes to the movies” by Hanns Zischler published in 1996 and “Kafka und der Film: über kinematographisches Erzählen” by Peter-André Alt published in 2009. Thus, based on these publications this study intends to analyse the importance, that this optical medium may have had over Franz Kafka and in which ways it is possible to identify this new perception in his literary work, specially in the tale “An imperial message”. The main topic is constructed around the profundity of the 3D-image as seen through a Kaiserpanorama, and its statical plasticity.
This article discusses the influence of electric illumination on theatre and the so called expressionist film. It starts with a short historical overview and will then argue that the only film with a narrative as well as a visual design in expressionist tradition is From Morn to Midnight, based on a play written in 1912 by Georg Kaiser and released in same year (1920) as its legend counterpart The Cabinet of Caligari. But different then Caligari or many other famous German silent movies from the 1920s it is not located in a romantic shadow world, syntactically created by lightning effects, but renounces the dark and spooky irrational in favor of an urban environment in the early twentieth century: a story of money, erotic seduction, escapist fantasies, eccentric bohemian life, crime and rapid alteration of scenes.
Fatih Akin has been the subject of much research in the academic world, especially regarding his portrayal of young Turkish Germans, Turkey and the borders between Europe and the Middle East. This article presents a critical evaluation of these approaches and then looks into Akin’s relation with music, literature and the New German Cinema from the 1970’s and 80’s.
Análise da macro e da microestrutura de dicionários bilíngues português-alemão / alemão-português
(2010)
This paper aims at analyzing macro- and microstructural features of Portuguese-German/German-Portuguese bilingual dictionaries. For this purpose, we will discuss the basic parameters that should guide the conception of a bilingual dictionary: the target users, the direction, the function, and the linguistic anisomorphism.
This article discusses the communicative and the intercultural approaches to language teaching and learning. Firstly, it describes the core theoretical principles, goals, and the roles of teachers and learners in both approaches, as well as the way they are treated in different German textbooks. Secondly, it discusses a set of core principles and concepts (‘activity’, ‘interaction’, ‘motivation’ and ‘communicative posture’), as well as the didactic-pedagogical implications of implementing a communicative approach to language teaching and learning. Finally, it includes a reflection about the necessity for the language teacher to develop an intercultural background, as well as the eclectic use of different linguistic theories and language teaching approaches to make the acquisition of communicative and intercultural competence viable.
It could be said that learner’s dictionaries are the most reliable expression of lexicography in terms of providing the necessary tools to help the learning process of a foreign language. This paper analyses three English learner’s dictionaries in order to establish its stylistic patterns as well as to compare them with four German learner’s dictionaries. Undoubtly, the lexicography of English learner’s dictionaries is a model. However, we argue that this model can not be transfered to German lexicography since each language has its own particularities which demand specific solutions.
This contribution focuses on the conditions of literary production in Germany during the Nazi regime. The article analyzes the work of writer Ricarda Huch as one of the representatives of the so-called "Inner Emigration", literary trend promoted by writers that were not placed to serve the interests of the State, but instead sought to convey - through their work - humanistic values and critics of the status quo, despite the censorship and often putting their lives at risk. The poetic anthology Herbstfeuer ("Fire of Autumn"), published in 1944, is one of the most significant examples of the literature of resistance under the yoke of Nazism.
This paper aims to contribute to the rich discussion that has been developed in this journal throughout previous editions. Many authors have already written here about their considerations and praxis regarding bilingualism, bilingual contexts and bilingual education from different perspectives. Thus, this paper also brings to discussion aspects of the education in bilingual settings in Brazil, where people speak Portuguese and a variety of German basis called Hunsrückisch as their mother tongue. Moreover, this paper aims to be an account of results from different researches, which deal with the advantages of speaking dialect to learn standard German and the prejudices, learners coming from minority languages confront.
O ensino/aprendizagem da metafonia do português como língua estrangeira por aprendizes alemães
(2009)
The present article deals with a phenomenon of the portuguese language which is well-known and yet rather neglected in brazilian schools as well as in schools abroad: metaphony. Since this regular vowel change is a phenomenon that foms part exclusively of speech and is not represented in writing, it constitutes a problem for foreign learners, in our case speakers of German. We therefore propose a strategy by the help of which the phenomenon of metaphony in Portuguese can be explained, based on analogies with a similar regular sound change in the German language, called Umlaut. Our study is based upon data collected among students at Christian-Albrechts-Universität in Northern Germany.
One of the most striking moments in the life of Brazilian children speaking a minority language happens when they go to elementary school. There, the attitude towards the family language is completely indifferent, if not openly hostile, since the school sees its duty limited to alphabetising the child in the official language, which is Portuguese. This article reflects on practical strategies for teaching school children speaking immigrant languages, focussing on the different meaning of alphabetisation in minority language contexts and on the advantages of early bilingualism, ascertained by research in cognitive science (cf. Bialystok 2005). Immigrant contexts of this nature are being studied in the linguistic atlas project ALMA-H (Atlas Linguístico-Contatual das Minorias Alemãs na Bacia do Prata - Hunsrückisch). Based on data from this project and considering the Brazilian educational context the article proposes strategies that could help to improve the alphabetisation process of those groups by reconciling the dissociation that separates school contexts from family contexts in areas of collective bilingualism in Brazil.
According to the metalexicographical theory, there are three main components in a semasiological dictionary: macro-, micro- and middles structure. The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the microstructure of three general semasiological dictionaries of the German language. As methodological framework, it takes in account the distinction between formal and semantic comment and between definition and density of the constant information program.
The story “Os dois vizinhos. Cenas da Colônia” (Die beiden Nachbarn. Bilder aus der Kolonie), written by Wilhelm Rotermund, was published in 1883 and 1884 in two parts in the Kalender für die Deutschen in Brasilien. The text by Rothermund represents many relevant aspects of the immigration of German Lutherans to Brazil. This article will first give an overview on the work of Wilhelm Rotermund and than offer a critical analysis of "Die beiden Nachbarn. Bilder aus der Kolonie". A third point of interest will be the importance of preserving the mother language (German) and the rural-urban relationship.
The objective of this article is to present a brief study on the wrong path of the poetry in the service of the Third Reich, whose roots raise to the tradition of the proto-nationalist and romantic nationalist poetry of the 19th Century. By interpreting the poems “Die Mutter” (“The Mother”) by Josepha Berens-Totenohl, “Deutsche Ostern 1933” (“German Easter of 1933”) by Heinrich Anacker, “Dem Führer” (“To the Führer”) by Will Vesper, and “Wir” (“We”) by Anne Marie Koeppen, we can observe the presence of discursive marks that remit to the Nazi jargon, what make them mere instruments of the totalitarian propaganda.
The paper aims to discuss the relations between culture, power and language in Bachmann’s story "Undine geht". Undine is a water creature that lives among humans for a period of time and this fact allows her to criticize them, their way of life, of love and of relate to others. Undine’s critique is that the discourse or language shows the domination that is present in the human relations, for example, in the submission of the individual to a collectivity, as well as in the relations between men and women. She condemns this society which is regulated by money, social roles, which are false representations and generate a repression for social and individual life. This is why Undine denounces strongly the humans and their society. But she also invites the humans to know themselves and to search for the truth. Only this can liberate them from repression and give them the possibility to live a dignified life.
The lifelong friendship between Anna Seghers and Jorge Amado began in the late 1940s, when both were engaged in the international communist struggle for world peace. After becoming disillusioned with the Stalinist tyranny, Amado left the PC, whereas Seghers officially continued to follow the party line. She concealed her critique of (post-) stalinist theory and practice in some essays on literature history, especially on Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and Schiller – essays which she dedicated to Amado, who would understand the problems and contradictions within her political involvement.
Resenha : Karl-Heinz Göttert. Neues Deutsches Wörterbuch. Köln: Helmut Lingen Verlag, 2007 (1150 p.)
(2009)
Do sentido interno
(2009)
This articles aims to present some of the main concepts of E. Husserl's phenomenology that can be applied to linguistic communication. The apprehension of those concepts is condition sine qua non for the use of the phenomenology as a matrix for research. The understanding of those concepts will serve as a work instrument in the field of applied linguistic.
This article deals with two short stories by Leopold Kompert (1822-1886), a Jewish author from the Austro-Hungarian Empire and one of the major names in a genre which became known as Ghettoliteratur. As all other authors in his genre, Kompert dealt mainly with the conflicts involved in the passage from the world of traditional Jewry towards 19th into modernity. But he did this in a typical Habsburg way. Rather then emphasizing the incompatibility between these two worlds, Kompert tries, on the one hand, to preserve the memory of the vanishing world of the Jewish Shtetl, and on the other hand to create a synthesis between this world and the multi-lingual and multi-cultural Austro-Hungarian Empire.
E fez-se a luz : contribuições do medium fotográfico para a instauração do realismo literário
(2009)
The nineteenth century was the scene of deep changes in several areas of society: art, industry, science and others. Officially emerged in 1839, the photographic medium was received, discussed and practiced by many of these areas. This article deals with the arisal and the first receptions of photography in the artistic sphere, considering the shock between painting x photography, the discussion about visible reality and its forms of representation in art. It is also briefly discussed the artistic and social context in which the first realistic publications appeared, the importance of photography in these texts, how they were received in Germany and the fundamental differences between French and German literary realism. Thus, it is intended to point the emergence of the photographic medium as one of the aspects which - through the theoretical and conceptual reconfigurations which have taken place in art - contributed to the establishment of the realistic movement in painting and literature.
Novalis is perhaps the most expressive poet of German Early Romanticism. His ideas, mainly in form of fragments, were strongly based upon Fichte’s theory of magic idealism and are substantial part of his literary work, which presents a mixture of genres such as poetry, rhetoric, philosophical and religious themes and even social aspects. This article will introduce some of Novalis’ personal aspects with the intent of briefly introducing two of his main issues: the concept of Fragment, as exploited in ‘Die Lehrlinge zu Saï’s, and his ideal of a poetic, self referent language.
Based on a supposedly new discovery of pornographic magazines, James Hawes aimed, in Excavating Kafka (2008), to reset the almost saintlike image of Kafka. This article will argue that these publications are fare from being hard-core pornography and their existence has been a long known fact. It will then discuss relations between literary texts and biography with reference to Kafka’s novel Der Process, written in 1914 and published only posthumous.
The object of this paper is to attempt a comparison between the perception of the big city by an author of German expressionism, Georg Heym, and the Brazilian modernist Mario de Andrade. The aim is to compare the poetic visions of two cities, Berlin and Sao Paulo, at the beginning of the twentieth century and highlight both, the coincidences and differences in the perception of urban life, based on the ideas of the German sociologist Georg Simmel on the life of man in modernity and the stimulations of nerve impulses.
Thiago Benites dos Santos: Inovação técnica e os media óticos em Kafka. ; Vítor Jochims Schneider: O olhar fotográfico e textual em Prosa do Observatório de Julio Cortázar. ; Márcia Lappe Alves: The question of point of view. ; Ana Lúcia Silva Paranhos: Le Désert Mauve de Nicole Brossard: Un Parcours dans l’univers de la traduccion littéraire. ; Daniel Iturvides Dutra: A literatura de ficção – científica e os problemas de tradução para a mídia fílmica. ; Larissa Rohde: Notes on Narayan’s Prose. ; Claudio Vescia Zanin: Abjection and Evil in ‘Haunted’. ; Fernanda Fernandes / Robert Ponge: Um breve estudo da intriga e de dois personagens de Roberto Zucco, peça de Bernard-Marie Koltès. ; Jaqueline Bohn Donada: ‘Romola’, by George Eliot, and its Conflicts. ; Maria Izabel V. Domingues: Literatura Escocesa e Literatura Brasileira: nacionalismo, regionalismo e algumas sutilezas. ; Vanessa Costa e Silva Schmitt/Robert Ponge: A medicina em ‘A Obra Em Negro’ de Marguerite Yourcenar: as diversas profissões da arte de curar no século XVI. ; Kelley B. Duarte: A escrita autoficcional e os percursos de memória em Régine Robin. ; Ivonne Mogendorff: ‘Andamios’ de Mario Benedetti – Memoria en las huellas del desexilio. ; Carlos Eduardo Meneghetti Scholles: Storytelling Coyotes: the Coyote Trickster Figure in Thomas King. ; Valter Henrique Fritsch: Apropriação do Discurso Mítico: Cassandra Profetisa a Pós-Modernidade. ; Érika Azevedo/Robert Ponge: André Breton e os primórdios do surrealismo. ; Monica Stefani: ‘You are what you read’: intertextual relations between Patrick White’s ‘The Solid Mandala’ and F. Dostoyevsky’s ‘The Brothers Karamazov’. ; Adriane Veras: A Reading of Sandra Cisneros’s ‘The House on Mango Street’. ; Lisanea Weber: Uma leitura sobre a escravidão no romance epistolar de Ina von Binzer.
Máximas
(2008)
In Kants Analyse der moralischen Gesinnung und der einer moralischen Handlung zugrundeliegenden Absichten und Motive spielt der Begriff der Maxime eine zentrale Rolle. Der folgende Text versucht zu klären, was unter einer Kantischen Maxime zu verstehen ist.
O coveiro
(2008)
O matador de dragões
(2008)
Vladímir, o pintor de nuvens
(2008)
A caixa dourada
(2008)
A Costureira
(2008)
Many teachers of German as a second language make some statements regarding this language that mix concepts from three distinct fields: Orthography (letters), Phonetics (phones or speech sounds) and Phonology (phonemes). In this paper I attempt to shed some light on these concepts and fields. I also provide examples of such statements and make comments on them.
This paper offers a description of the contemporary German lexicography using dictionary taxonomy. The parameters used for the classification of dictionaries are the number of languages (monolingual against bilingual dictionaries), the user’s perspective (how useful is each kind of dictionary for the Brazilian scholar) and the two perspectives of the act of speech (text reception against text production).
This article discusses linguistic attitudes and conceptions (beliefs and prejudices) of 20 teachers regarding the ‘German accent’ ((de)voicing of consonants and neutralization of the vibrant) and their implications in their social practices in school lessons, in three German-Portuguese bilingual communities in Rio Grande do Sul. To conclude with, a reflection about how teachers’ conceptions relate to the treatment they dispense to linguistic traces in face to face interactions. The present investigation is inserted in the Interactional Sociolinguistics and in the Sociolinguistics field, specifically in linguistic variation and bilingual studies, and it is especially rooted in linguistic attitudes and conceptions. This research matches instruments and analytical categories of both quantitative and qualitative approaches, examining both teachers’ practices and their linguistic attitudes and conceptions. The results point to educational and identity conflicts which are reflected in speakers’ attitudes of solidarity or linguistic differentiation regarding the use and rating of linguistic variation, as well as in the treatment dispensed to the linguistic features of these communities.
For the most part, in linguistic policies, which mainly manifest themselves in educational measures, substandard varieties are at best ignored, if not actively suppressed. This often deprives pupils in immigrant situations and coming from a dialect background not only of their right to speaking their own language but also from the opportunity of aquiring the related standard, benefiting from early bilingual education. Instead, the national language is often used as the only language of instruction and is therefore likely to outdominate any other variety. This paper analyses two immigrant groups on the American continent which both represent diglossic communities in which High German as the High Variety has been lost or replaced by the national language while the related dialect is continuously used for in-group communication. Despite structural similarities in the sociolinguistic makeup of the two speech communities, there have been different approaches towards the teaching of standard German. The paper shows that language attitudes toward the substandard play a decisive role in these approaches. It is argued that instead of seeing the dialect as an obstacle for aquiring the standard variety it ought to be viewed as a suitable starting point to learning High German. Far from being an out-fashioned relic, dialects in immigrant communities should be conceived of as vantage ground for building multilingual societies which include the own vernacular as an element of identity, the related standard as a means of international communication and, of course, the national standard as an instrument of integration.
This article parts from an interdisciplinary point of view. Its main interest lies in the rich and complex interaction between the literary text and the image. These relations are understood as a “reciprocal illumination between the arts”, according to a publication of Oskar Walzel (Berlin, 1917). It will first investigate two historical landmarks in relation to literature and the image: first, the social differentiation around 1800 and its imposition of a purely textual literature and second, the avant-garde with its intense interaction between the various forms of artistic communication. The paper will then approach two contemporary examples of novels which combine visual and textual material.
The Recife’s School was a Brazilian movement during the last quarter of the 19th century, whose main goals were to inform the Empire Court of provincial problems and introduce Brazil to ideas and theories of German philosophers. The first history of Brazilian literature was written in 1888 by Sílvio Romero and is considered part of this movement. According to this work, Brazil should be connected to German thought. Romero’s reception of the German authors is not passive; he engages in dialogue through his text by connecting, criticizing and elaborating upon his references. The autonomy of thought he proves in this process is the same autonomy he demands from Brazilian intellectualists. In order to develop the talents inherent to Brazil, he believes they should widen their cultural horizons, instead of only being dependent on French culture. Only then Brazil would be able to occupy a position equal amongst developed nations. Romero’s conception of race and his idea, that it is possible to include the totality of Brazilian literature in his work are both out of date. However, in the História da Literatura Brasileira there are methodological aspects in common with the modern theories on writing histories of literature, such as the choice of texts not only according to aesthetics criterions and the interdisciplinarity, because the author relates biology, sociology, economy, and politics with literature.
Política de fronteira : Sobre o lugar do nacional na literatura e o lugar da literatura no nacional
(2008)
“Literatura nacional” é o resultado de uma construção variada. É claro que se poderia simplesmente enumerar todos as obras surgidas em um país e afirmar que isso é uma “literatura nacional”. Foi o que aconteceu até o século XVIII. O caráter de “literature nacional” como resultado de construção surge desde o último terço do décimo oitavo século, porque seleções conduzem o processo de definição. Tais seleções já são a delimitação de “literatura” (no sentido de toda a produção textual) à poesia ou a restrição de literatura nacional a textos em língua alemã, ou seja, a segregação de textos em outras línguas que também eram escritos ou surgiam no “próprio país”, etc. Assim como no discurso sobre “Literatura Suíça”, também o veredicto de excluir dessas línguas a existência de literaturas em línguas diferentes e tratá-las como “unidade do plural”.
This paper discusses the role of German Jesuit priests in the conquest of the lower amazon area in the 17th century. The Luxemburg missionary John Philip Bettendorff, founder of the second largest city of Pará, Santarém, was one of the most important figures while colonizing the Estate of Maranhão e Great-Pará. His chronicle is not only an important testimony of the settlements’ history but also of the Jesuit activities as handicraft workers and artists while catechizing this region. Thus, it comprehends a part of the rich cultural memory of colonial Brazil.
Based on the bilingualism and ethnolinguistic identity research, this study aims to observe the role identity and linguistic attitudes play in a minority mother language’s maintenance or shifting process in early bilingualism cases in a societal bilingualism situation. The analyzed context comprises native speakers of essentially bilingual communities that migrate to an urban center like Porto Alegre, where the opportunities for minority mother language use are drastically restrained by the monolingual Portuguese context. It’s asked how this language was maintained and what is the identity and linguistic attitude after the removal of the original context identified as more rural, isolated and ethnic and culturally different. The data collection derives from semi-structured interviews, recorded and subsequently transcribed. The data analysis suggests that the ‘geographic’ factor isn’t so relevant to the maintenance/shifting of a minority language than the speaker’s ‘micro-decisions’ to preserve the cultural and affectionate ties with their origin group, the family. Besides family group, community, school and government should be called to come together to construct new ways for the linguistic and cultural preservation of the bilingual community in Brazil. In that sense, this research intends to contribute to a wider understanding of the identity and linguistics attitudes’ role in the languages’ teaching and learning in general.
Either in the realm of the mother tongue debating, or in the problematization of the second language classroom, the matters related to the assessment conduct and to the linguistic behavior of both teachers and students should not be underestimated or even left aside. Linguistic diversity is broadly present in the school context, and it is imperative not to overlook the way this reality is considered and the linguistic policies which are present and necessary. Whereas the assessment process is an integral part of the formation of the student’s identity, it is relevant to consider the theoretical concept of this process as well as the practice current in the school context. This paper gathers definitions on the assessment conduct and linguistic behavior, highlighting the role played by the teacher in classroom routine aiming at the flexibility of the process, as well as the appreciation of the pupil’s linguistic individuality.
This paper investigates the role of Hunsrückisch, a dialect spoken by German descendents in South Brazil, in regard to the performance of high school students in the proficiency exam Deutsches Sprachdiplom (DSD-I). The article will first discuss the concept of bilinguism and then analyzes the performance of bilingual students (Portuguese/German) from the Instituo de Educação Ivoti in DSD-I exams over the last 5 years.
In his first autobiographical writing, the Austrian author Thomas Bernhard attempts to show his public the reason why he became the provocative writer and outsider that he was. This paper intends to analyse how this image is constructed in the book by using a specific concept of victim as well as a provocative and subjective style. On the one hand he is successful in constructing a text in which his point of view and his personality are constantly present; on the other hand it includes diverse contradictions, which will be discussed throughout this article.