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The elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients in central 3He+Au, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 200 GeV are measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) at mid-rapidity (|η|<0.9), via the azimuthal angular correlation between two particles both at |η|<0.9. While the v2(pT) values depend on the colliding systems, the v3(pT) values are system-independent within the uncertainties, suggesting an influence on eccentricity from sub-nucleonic fluctuations in these small-sized systems. These results also provide stringent constraints for the hydrodynamic modeling of these systems.
Highlights
• Early reconstruction of injured cruciate ligaments improves functional outcomes.
• Modern CT imaging can be used to rapidly identify patients with injury to the cruciate ligaments and streamline therapeutic pathways.
• Dual-energy CT demonstrates superior diagnostic accuracy compared to single-energy CT.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of modern single and dual-energy computed tomography (CT) for assessing the integrity of the cruciate ligaments in patients that sustained acute trauma.
Methods: Patients who underwent single- or dual-energy CT followed by 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or knee joint arthroscopy between 01/2016 and 12/2022 were included in this retrospective, monocentric study. Three radiologists specialized in musculoskeletal imaging independently evaluated all CT images for the presence of injury to the cruciate ligaments. An MRI consensus reading of two experienced readers and arthroscopy provided the reference standard. Diagnostic accuracy parameters and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) were the primary metrics for diagnostic performance.
Results: CT images of 204 patients (median age, 49 years; IQR 36 – 64; 113 males) were evaluated. Dual-energy CT yielded significantly higher diagnostic accuracy and AUC for the detection of injury to the anterior (94% [240/255] vs 75% [266/357] and 0.89 vs 0.66) and posterior cruciate ligaments (95% [243/255] vs 87% [311/357] and 0.90 vs 0.61) compared to single-energy CT (all parameters, p <.005). Diagnostic confidence and image quality were significantly higher in dual-energy CT compared to single-energy CT (all parameters, p <.005).
Conclusions: Modern dual-energy CT is readily available and can serve as a screening tool for detecting or excluding cruciate ligament injuries in patients with acute trauma. Accurate diagnosis of cruciate ligament injuries is crucial to prevent adverse outcomes, including delayed treatment, chronic instability, or long-term functional limitations.
The category of abelian varieties over Fq is shown to be anti-equivalent to a category of Z-lattices that are modules for a non-commutative pro-ring of endomorphisms of a suitably chosen direct system of abelian varieties over Fq. On full subcategories cut out by a finite set w of conjugacy classes of Weil q-numbers, the anti-equivalence is represented by what we call w-locally projective abelian varieties.
Cell-free (CF) synthesis with highly productive E. coli lysates is a convenient method to produce labeled proteins for NMR studies. Despite reduced metabolic activity in CF lysates, a certain scrambling of supplied isotope labels is still notable. Most problematic are conversions of 15N labels of the amino acids L-Asp, L-Asn, L-Gln, L-Glu and L-Ala, resulting in ambiguous NMR signals as well as in label dilution. Specific inhibitor cocktails suppress most undesired conversion reactions, while limited availability and potential side effects on CF system productivity need to be considered. As alternative route to address NMR label conversion in CF systems, we describe the generation of optimized E. coli lysates with reduced amino acid scrambling activity. Our strategy is based on the proteome blueprint of standardized CF S30 lysates of the E. coli strain A19. Identified lysate enzymes with suspected amino acid scrambling activity were eliminated by engineering corresponding single and cumulative chromosomal mutations in A19. CF lysates prepared from the mutants were analyzed for their CF protein synthesis efficiency and for residual scrambling activity. The A19 derivative “Stablelabel” containing the cumulative mutations asnA, ansA/B, glnA, aspC and ilvE yielded the most useful CF S30 lysates. We demonstrate the optimized NMR spectral complexity of selectively labeled proteins CF synthesized in “Stablelabel” lysates. By taking advantage of ilvE deletion in "Stablelabel", we further exemplify a new strategy for methyl group specific labeling of membrane proteins with the proton pump proteorhodopsin.
Purpose: To evaluate intermediate and long-term visual outcomes and safety of a phakic intraocular posterior chamber lens with a central hole (ICL V4c) for myopic eyes.
Methods: Retrospective, consecutive case study of patients that uneventfully received a ICL V4c for myopia correction, with a 5-year postoperative follow-up. Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany.
Results: From 241 eyes that underwent ICL implantation, we included 45 eyes with a mean age at surgery of 33 years ± 6 (18–48 years), with a 5 years follow-up. CDVA improved from 0.05logMAR ± 0.15 CDVA preoperatively to − 0.00 ± 0,07 at 5 years and did not change significantly from 3 to 5 years’ time (p = 0.266). The mean spherical equivalent (SE) improved from -10.13D ± 3.39 to − 0.45D ± 0.69. The change in endothelial cell count showed a mean decrease of 1.9% per year throughout the follow-up. Safety and efficacy index were 1.16 and 0.78, respectively. Cataract formation was seen in 2 of 241 eyes (0.8%), but in none of the 45 eyes that finished the 5-year follow-up.
Conclusions: Our data show a good intermediate and long-term stability, efficiency, and safety of ICL V4c phakic lenses in myopic eyes comparable to other known literature.
Highlights
• The higher the extinction risk, the fewer exposure-effect data are available.
• Lack of studies in the Southern Hemisphere shows a spatial bias in the literature.
• Commonly studied pollutants are persistent organic pollutants, metals, pesticides.
• Pollution-effect studies focus on molecular and cellular levels.
• In silico and in vitro approaches aid in assessing in vivo effects.
Abstract
Marine mammals, due to their long life span, key position in the food web, and large lipid deposits, often face significant health risks from accumulating contaminants. This systematic review examines published literature on pollutant-induced adverse health effects in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red-listed marine mammal species. Thereby, identifying gaps in literature across different extinction risk categories, spatial distribution and climatic zones of studied habitats, commonly used methodologies, researched pollutants, and mechanisms from cellular to population levels. Our findings reveal a lower availability of exposure-effect data for higher extinction risk species (critically endangered 16%, endangered 15%, vulnerable 66%), highlighting the need for more research. For many threatened species in the Southern Hemisphere pollutant-effect relationships are not established. Non-destructively sampled tissues, like blood or skin, are commonly measured for exposure assessment. The most studied pollutants are POPs (31%), metals (30%), and pesticides (17%). Research on mixture toxicity is scarce while pollution-effect studies primarily focus on molecular and cellular levels. Bridging the gap between molecular data and higher-level effects is crucial, with computational approaches offering a high potential through in vitro to in vivo extrapolation using (toxico-)kinetic modelling. This could aid in population-level risk assessment for threatened marine mammals.
The first evaluation of an ultra-high granularity digital electromagnetic calorimeter prototype using 1.0–5.8 GeV/c electrons is presented. The 25 × 106 pixel detector consists of 24 layers of ALPIDE CMOS MAPS sensors, with a pitch of around 30 μm, and has a depth of almost 20 radiation lengths of tungsten absorber. Ultra-thin cables allow for a very compact design. The properties that are critical for physics studies are measured: electromagnetic shower response, energy resolution and linearity. The stochastic energy resolution is comparable with the state-of-the art resolution for a Si-W calorimeter, with data described well by a simulation model using Geant4 and Allpix2. The performance achieved makes this technology a good candidate for use in the ALICE FoCal upgrade, and in general demonstrates the strong potential for future applications in high-energy physics.
Using a data sample collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, the Born cross section of the process 𝑒+𝑒−→𝜂𝐽/𝜓 at a center-of-mass energy √𝑠=3.773 GeV is measured to be (8.88±0.87±0.42) pb. We fit the cross section line shape before correcting for the initial state radiation from √𝑠=3.773 to 4.600 GeV to obtain the branching fraction ℬ(𝜓(3770)→𝜂𝐽/𝜓). We obtain ℬ(𝜓(3770)→𝜂𝐽/𝜓)=(11.3±5.9±1.1)×10−4 when the 𝜓(3770) decay amplitude is added coherently to the other contributions, and (8.7±1.0±0.8)×10−4 when it is added incoherently. Here the quoted uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. In both cases, the statistical significance of 𝜓(3770) resonance is above 7𝜎. This is the first time the decay 𝜓(3770)→𝜂𝐽/𝜓 is observed with a statistical significance greater than 5𝜎.
Coercion or privatization? Crisis and planned economies in the debates of the early Frankfurt School
(2023)
The 1930s–1940s underwent profound structural economic and political turmoil following the collapse of the nineteenth century liberal market economies. The intellectual debates of the time were dominated by the question of whether Marx’s theory of the tendency of rate of profit to fall was true, or what consequence could be imagined in the survival of capitalist societies. Placed in the middle of such debates was also the reorganization of national productions into war economies. By means of reconstructive analysis, the paper provides a critical overview of the debates that took place within the circle of the Frankfurt School during those years. It also advances an interpretive thesis suggesting that remedies to capitalist crises of the time turned state powers into privatized, illiberal coercive entities. Coercion and privatization reinforced each other. This general tendency is well illustrated by the famous Pollock-Neumann debate. These intellectuals expressed views not only intended to shed light on the historical period of time, but also to formulate long-term considerations on the authoritarian trends embedded in our contemporary democracies. Through historical reconstruction, the paper’s aim is to identify a long-term structural thread of transformation starting from the transformation of the German economy in 1930s and touching upon post Second World War problems of states’ restructuring along privatization/coercion divides.
Terpene bilden mit mehr als 81.000 Verbindungen die größte Klasse der Naturstoffe. Nichtsdestotrotz wird ihre strukturelle Vielfalt durch die Isoprenregel begrenzt. Diese besagt, dass alle primären Terpensynthaseprodukte aus Bausteinen mit fünf Kohlenstoffatomen hervorgehen. Ihre Produkte sind somit kanonisch, da sie durch ein Vielfaches von fünf Kohlenstoffatomen dargestellt sind. In dieser kumulativen Arbeit wird die mikrobielle Produktion einer Vielzahl neuartiger nicht-kanonischer Terpene beschrieben und somit der chemische Strukturraum von Terpenoiden über die Grenzen der Isoprenregel hinaus erweitert. Um dies zu erreichen, wurden in verschiedenen Ansätzen die Gene des Mevalonatwege, einschließlich einer IPP-Isomerase gemeinsam mit verschiedenen Prenylpyrosphosphat-Methyltransferasen und Terpensynthasen in E. coli exprimiert und die Produktspektren der Biosynthesewege detailliert untersucht.
Ein breites Spektrum neuer C11-Terpene wurde als Nebenprodukt der bakteriellen 2-Methylisoborneol- oder 2-Methylenbornansynthasen entdeckt. Neben elf bekannten konnten 24 neuartige C11-Terpene nachgewiesen werden, die bisher noch nicht als Terpensynthase-Produkte beschrieben wurden. Vier davon, 3,4-Dimethylcumol, 2-Methylborneol und die beiden Diastereomere von 2-Methylcitronellol, konnten identifiziert werden. Außerdem wurde das C16-Terpen 6-Methylfarnesol als Produkt identifiziert.
Die Produktselektivität einer C11-Terpensynthasen, die 2 Methylenbornansynthase aus Pseudomonas fluorescens, wurde durch einen semirationalen Protein-Engineering-Ansatz verändert. Aminosäuren des aktiven Zentrums mit Einfluss auf die Produktselektivität wurden identifiziert. Entsprechende Varianten des Enzyms führen zu gänzlich veränderten Produktspektren. So wurden neue Einblicke in die Struktur-Funktions-Beziehung für C11-Terpensynthasen gewonnen und bisher unzugängliche nicht-kanonische Terpene produziert.
Eine IPP-Methyltranferase wurde identifiziert und charakterisiert, die den C5-Baustein der Terpenbiosynthese in eine Vielzahl von C6- und C7-Prenylpyrophosphate umwandelt. Die heterologe Expression in E. coli gemeinsam mit anderen Genen der Terpenbiosynthese erweitert das potenzielle Terpensynthase-Substratspektrum außerdem um C11-, C12-, C16- und C17 Prenylpyrosphopshate. Darüber hinaus konnten polymethylierte C41-, C42-und C43-Carotinoide synthetisiert werden. So wurde die Terpenbiosynthese durch die Modifikation ihrer Bausteine erweitert und neue ungewöhnliche Terpene produziert.