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We describe a new species of Theloderma from northeastern Vietnam based on morphological differences and molecular divergence. Theloderma khoii sp. nov. is distinguishable from its congeners on the basis of a combination of the following characters: large size, SVL 52.1 mm in male, 59.4 mm in female; head length and width equal; vomerine teeth present; snout pointed and truncated, eye large, ED 4.7 mm in male, 5.6 mm in female, spinules on upper eyelid; tibiotarsal articulation reaches to the posterior border of the eye or the tip of the snout; dorsal skin very rough with large irregular gland ridges and warts, ventral surface of body granular; tips of all digits dilated but all considerably smaller than tympanum; dorsal surface mossy green or olive mottled with dark magenta. The distribution of the new species is unknown but probably extends into adjacent high elevation forested areas in Ha Giang Province, Vietnam and in Yunnan Province, China with an extent of occurrence of only < 1000 km2 and continuing decline in the quality of its habitat due to deforestation. Thus, we suggest the species should be considered Endangered following IUCN’s Red List categories.
Revisions of Holocnemus and Crossopriza: the spotted-leg clade of Smeringopinae (Araneae, Pholcidae)
(2022)
The genera Holocnemus Simon, 1873 and Crossopriza Simon, 1893 are revised. Together with Stygopholcus Kratochvíl, 1932 (revised recently) and the newly described genus Maghreba gen. nov., they constitute the spotted-leg clade within the northern clade of Smeringopinae. Males and females in this group are characterized by dark marks on the leg femora and tibiae. The native area of the spotted-leg clade ranges from northern Africa and the Mediterranean to Central Asia and NW India. A morphological cladistic analysis suggests that Holocnemus is paraphyletic while Crossopriza is monophyletic, but morphology seems only partly adequate to resolve phylogenetic relationships convincingly. The genus Holocnemus includes four species, all of which are redescribed: H. pluchei (Scopoli, 1763); H. reini (C. Koch, 1873) comb. nov. (transferred from Pholcus); H. caudatus (Dufour, 1820); and H. hispanicus Wiehle, 1933. The genus Maghreba gen. nov. includes eight species from NW Africa: M. aurouxi (Barrientos, 2019) gen. et comb. nov. (transferred from Holocnemus; redescribed, female newly described) and seven newly described species. The genus Crossopriza includes six previously described species (of which five are redescribed), and 18 newly described species. The Madagascan C. nigrescens Millot, 1946 is synonymized with C. lyoni (Blackwall, 1867). All new species are described on the basis of both sexes.
The original description of Rivudiva trichobasis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998 is short, with few illustrations. The lack of information resulted in a broad specific diagnosis, with emphasis on the spine-like setae on the antenna. Our hypothesis is that the lack of information resulted in many species being hidden behind R. trichobasis name. We evaluated the species R. coveloae (Traver, 1971) and R. venezuelensis (Traver, 1943) considering the new evidence. After analyzing the paratype of R. trichobasis and records of the species in Brazil, the hidden-species hypothesis was corroborated. Five new species were identified among the published records of R. trichobasis of which four are described here: R. amazona sp. nov. (Roraima State), R. oxum sp. nov. (Rondônia State), R. uiara sp. nov. (Amazonas State), R. naia sp. nov. (Roraima State). The fifth species, Rivudiva sp. X from Maranhão State, could not be described due to the poor conservation of the specimen and is therefore left in open nomenclature. Records from Espírito Santo State (Brazil) and from Paraguay are treated as putative and must be evaluated considering the new evidence. Rivudiva venezuelensis and Rivudiva coveloae are diagnosed and illustrated based on type material. After analyzing these two species, we hypothesize that only R. coveloae likely belongs to the genus Rivudiva. However, information on the nymphal stage is needed to corroborate this hypothesis.
Early Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from North Africa are virtually unknown. An assemblage of nine species, all from the family Trigonoceratidae, from the Dalle à Merocanites (Tournaisian-Viséan boundary interval) of Timimoun in western Algeria is described, being the most diverse Carboniferous nautiloid assemblage known from North Africa but much less diverse than the time-equivalent assemblages from Belgium and Ireland. The assemblage consists of the species Maccoyoceras pentagonum sp. nov., Lispoceras orbis sp. nov., Thrincoceras devolvere sp. nov., Rineceras multituberculatum sp. nov., Rineceras rectangulatum sp. nov., Vestinautilus padus sp. nov., Vestinautilus concinnus sp. nov., Planetoceras destrictum sp. nov. and Planetoceras transforme sp. nov. A morphometric analysis of Maccoyoceras pentagonum sp. nov. and Lispoceras orbis sp. nov. shows that the intraspecific variation in these species is within rather narrow limits.
Perinereis anderssoni Kinberg, 1865 originally described from Brazil has been attributed with a wide distribution on the American Atlantic coasts, ranging from Brazil to Bermuda, due to the synonymy of Nereis bairdii Webster, 1884 and Nereis (Perinereis) melanocephala McIntosh, 1885. In this paper, the synonymy of Nereis bairdii with Perinereis anderssoni is rejected based on a re-examination of the syntypes of N. bairdii which are found to contain two species requiring designation of a lectotype and paralectotypes here redescribed as Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and the remaining specimens are here described as Perinereis websteri sp. nov. The synonymy of Nereis (Perinereis) melanocephala with P. anderssoni is rejected and the synonymy with P. bairdii proposed by previous authors is accepted here. A description of P. anderssoni, a redescription of P. floridana, and a description of the males of P. cariboea with additional material are provided for comparison. A key to identifying all Atlantic Perinereis species is also included.
A new genus, Thaicypris gen. nov., in the tribe Herpetocypridini Kaufmann, 1900 of the subfamily Herpetocypridinae Kaufmann, 1900 is established to accommodate a new species from Thailand. The present contribution deals with the description of a new genus and species, Thaicypris panhai gen. et sp. nov., which is mainly characterized by the distinctive and raised, inwardly displaced selvage at the postero-ventral part of the right valve (RV) that is not parallel to the valve margin, the absence of an anterior inner list on the RV, the prominent and elevated double inner list on the posterior part of the left valve, the small and three-segmented Rome organ on the first antenna (A1), the spatulated terminal segment of the maxillular (Mx1) palp, the slender caudal ramus (CR) with long and thin Sp seta, the presence of basal triangle on the CR attachment, and the pointed projection at the terminal segment base of the prehensile palps. The hemipenis of the new genus and species is outstanding, especially the medial lateral shield which has a long, beak-shaped protrusion on the distal part. The discovery of this Thai taxon is the first record of the tribe Herpetocypridini in Thailand and the second species of the tribe in Southeast Asia.
Two new species of Ageniella Banks, 1912 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) from Brazil and updated keys
(2022)
Ageniella Banks, 1912 is a paraphyletic group exclusive to the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. The genus has a remarkable morphological diversity among species and strong sexual dimorphism, hampering taxonomic studies of it. Herein, we add two new species to the Neotropical fauna of Ageniella: A. caerulea sp. nov. belonging to the subgenus Ameragenia and A. ruschi sp. nov. belonging to the subgenus Priophanes; both species are described and illustrated. A brief discussion of subgeneric characters and an updated taxonomic key to the species of Ageniella known from Brazil are provided.
Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) revisited: phylogeny and taxonomy of the lobe-headed bugs
(2022)
The concept of the previously monogeneric subfamily Pseudocetherinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) is revised and expanded. We here transfer Gerbelius Distant, 1903, Kayanocoris Miller, 1954, Microvarus Jeannel, 1917, Paragerbelius Miller, 1958, and Voconia Stål, 1866 from Reduviinae to Pseudocetherinae and treat Kayanocoris, Microvarus, Paragerbelius, and Pseudocethera Villiers, 1963 as junior synonyms of Voconia, resulting in new combinations for Voconia conradti (Jeannel, 1917) comb. nov., V. ifana (Villiers, 1963) comb. nov., V. monodi (Villiers, 1963) comb. nov., V. motoensis (Schouteden, 1929) comb. nov., V. ornata (Distant, 1903) comb. nov., V. schoutedeni (Villiers, 1964) comb. nov., V. typica (Miller, 1958) comb. nov., and V. wegneri (Miller, 1954) comb. nov. We also describe 23 new species of Voconia: V. bakeri sp. nov., V. bracata sp. nov., V. brachycephala sp. nov., V. chrysoptera sp. nov., V. coronata sp. nov., V. decorata sp. nov., V. dolichocephala sp. nov., V. fasciata sp. nov., V. grandioculata sp. nov., V. hemera sp. nov., V. isosceles sp. nov., V. laosensis sp. nov., V. lasiosoma sp. nov., V. lirophleps sp. nov., V. loki sp. nov., V. mexicana sp. nov., V. minima sp. nov., V. nyx sp. nov., V. smithae sp. nov., V. tridens sp. nov., V. trinidadensis sp. nov., V. tuberculata sp. nov., and V. vittata sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Gerbelius confluens Distant, 1903, G. typicus Distant, 1903, V. conradti comb. nov., V. ornata comb. nov., and V. pallidipes Stål, 1866. A revised diagnosis and description of Pseudocetherinae are provided along with photographs of the species and of the male genitalia of 13 pseudocetherine and five closely related reduviine species. An identification key to the two genera of Pseudocetherinae as well as a key to species of Voconia are presented. A phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for the relationships of Pseudocetherinae using parsimony analyses of 77 morphological characters.
The diversity of Palpigradi is not evenly distributed among its different branches. The widespread genus Eukoenenia includes 80% of the species, while the other genera are poorly known. Allokoenenia certainly is the most understudied genus because it is represented only by the African species Allokoenenia afra Silvestri, 1913. Its description is short and does not include many features depicted in modern taxonomy of Palpigradi. In this paper, we describe two troglobitic species of Allokoenenia, report the occurrence of a third species represented by an immature specimen from Brazilian caves, and provide brief notes on the morphology of A. afra. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov., A. stygia sp. nov., and Allokoenenia sp. differ from A. afra by several morphological features, including more elongated appendages and a greater number of blades on lateral organs. Thus, they are considered troglomorphic. These new species are vulnerable to extinction because they are endemic to a single or few caves directly impacted by mining activities and groundwater exploitation. This study represents the first step for the conservation of these species and their habitats, since Brazilian caves with rare troglobites cannot be irreversibly impacted. Also, it brings important contributions on the distribution and morphology of this enigmatic genus.
Oxyethira Eaton, 1873 is one of the most diverse genera of Hydroptilidae, comprising over 240 species distributed in all biogeographical regions. Here three new species of Oxyethira (Trichoglene) Neboiss, 1977 are described and illustrated from male specimens collected in New Caledonia: O. (Trichoglene) hamus sp. nov., recognized by the hook-shaped apex of the long inferior appendages in lateral view and by the posterior margin of segment IX with a trilobed appearance in ventral view; O. (Trichoglene) rectangulata sp. nov., recognized by the rectangular shape of the inferior appendages, which are totally fused and with two pairs of small setae on the inner face; and O. (Trichoglene) spiralis sp. nov., recognized by the strongly curvilinear shape of the subgenital process in dorsal and lateral views and by the long process spiralling around the ejaculatory duct at the phallus apex.