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Report from NA49
(2004)
The most recent data of NA49 on hadron production in nuclear collisions at CERN SPS energies are presented. Anomalies in the energy dependence of pion and kaon production in central Pb+Pb collisions are observed. They suggest that the onset of deconfinement is located at about 30 AGeV. Large multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations are measured for collisions of intermediate mass systems at 158 AGeV. The need for a new experimental programme at the CERN SPS is underlined.
Event-by-event fluctuations of particle ratios in central Pb + Pb collisions at 20 to 158 AGeV
(2004)
In the vicinity of the QCD phase transition, critical fluctuations have been predicted to lead to non-statistical fluctuations of particle ratios, depending on the nature of the phase transition. Recent results of the NA49 energy scan program show a sharp maximum of the ratio of K+ to Pi+ yields in central Pb+Pb collisions at beam energies of 20-30 AGeV. This observation has been interpreted as an indication of a phase transition at low SPS energies. We present first results on event-by-event fluctuations of the kaon to pion and proton to pion ratios at beam energies close to this maximum.
A non-monotonic energy dependence of the K + / pi + ratio with a sharp maximum close to 30 A GeV is observed in central Pb+Pb collisions. Within a statistical model of the early stage, this is interpreted as a sign of the phase transition to a QGP, which causes a sharp change in the energy dependence of the strangeness to entropy ratio. This observation naturally motivates us to study the production of multistrange hyperons (Xi, Omega) as a function of the beam energy. Furthermore it was suggested that the kinematic freeze-out of Omega takes place directly at QGP hadronization. If this is indeed the case, the transverse momentum spectra of the Omega directly reflect the transverse expansion velocity of a hadronizing QGP. In this report we show preliminary NA49 results on Omega - and Omega + production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 40 and 158 A GeV and compare them to measurements of Xi - and Xi + production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 30, 40, 80 and 158 A GeV.
Objective: To assess predictive factors for poststroke pneumonia (PSP) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) of the anterior circulation, with special regard to the impact of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT) on the risk of PSP. As a secondary goal, the validity of the A2DS2, PNEUMONIA, and ISAN scores in LVO will be determined.
Methods: Analysis was based on consecutive data for the years 2017 to 2019 from the prospective inpatient stroke registry covering the entire federal state of Hesse, Germany, using the Kruskal-Wallis test and binary logistic regression.
Results: Data from 4,281 patients with LVO were included in the analysis (54.8% female, median age = 78 years, range = 18–102), of whom 66.4% (n = 2,843) received recanalization therapy (RCT). In total, 19.4% (n = 832) of all LVO patients developed PSP. Development of PSP was associated with an increase in overall in-hospital mortality of 32.1% compared with LVO patients without PSP (16.4%; p < 0.001). Incidence of PSP was increased in 2132 patients with either EVT (n = 928; 25.9% PSP incidence) or combined EVT plus IVT (n = 1,204; 24.1%), compared with 2,149 patients with IVT alone (n = 711; 15.2%) or conservative treatment only (n = 1,438; 13.5%; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified EVT (OR 1.5) and combined EVT plus IVT (OR 1.5) as significant independent risk factors for PSP. Furthermore, male sex (OR 1.9), age ≥ 65 years (OR 1.7), dysphagia (OR 3.2) as well as impaired consciousness at arrival (OR 1.7) and the comorbidities diabetes (OR 1.4) and atrial fibrillation (OR 1.3) were significantly associated risk factors (each p < 0.001). Minor stroke (NIHSS ≤ 4) was associated with a significant lower risk of PSP (OR 0.5). Performance of risk stratification scores varied between A2DS2 (96.1% sensitivity, 20.7% specificity), PNEUMONIA (78.2% sensitivity and 45.1% specificity) and ISAN score (98.0% sensitivity, 20.0% specificity).
Conclusion: Nearly one in five stroke patients with LVO develops PSP during acute care. This risk of PSP is further increased if an EVT is performed. Other predictive factors are consistent with those previously described for all AIS patients. Available risk stratification scores proved to be sensitive tools in LVO patients but lack specificity.
Meeting Abstract : Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. 125. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. Berlin, 22.-25.04.2008 Einleitung: Beim follikulären Schilddrüsenkarzinom ist die prae- und intraoperative Diagnose nur eingeschränkkt möglich. Immunhistochemische und immuncytologische Marker können hier hilfreich sein. Bei Patienten mit follikulären Karzinomen ist auf mRNA-Ebene eine up-Regulation für qprt (quinolinate-phosphoribosyltransferase) zu beobachten. Material und Methoden: Seit Januar 2004 werden bei Patienten mit prae- und intraoperativem Verdacht auf Schilddrüsenkarzinom, Frischgewebeproben zur Genexpressions-Analyse asserviert. Die so gewonnen Ergebnisse wurden an prospektiv und retrospektiv gewonnenen Präparaten von follikulären Adenomen und follikulären Karzinomen überprüft [Gruppe A]. Bei 20 prospektiven Punktionscytologien mit follikulärer Neoplasie werden aktuell zusätzliche immuncytologische Färbungen auf qprt durchgeführt und mit den nachfolgenden histologischen und immunhistochemischen Ergebnissen der Operationspräparate verglichen. Ergebnisse: Gruppe A (151 Patienten): bei 79 follikulären Adenomen und 72 follikulären Karzinomen wurden immunhistochemische Färbungen auf qprt durchgeführt. Hier zeigten sich 60 der 79 Adenome richtig negativ (76%) und 47 der 72 Karzinome richtig positiv (66%). Dies ergab eine Treffsicherheit zwischen Adenom und Karzinom von 71%. Gruppe B (20 Patienten): Die Ergebnisse der Korrelation zwischen präoperativer Immuncytochemie und postoperativer Diagnose und Immunhistochemie stehen derzeit noch aus. Schlussfolgerung: qprt ist ein immunhistochemischer Marker für follikuläre Schilddrüsenkarzinome mit einer befriedigenden Trennschärfe zwischen Adenom und Karzinom. Zusätzlich stellt qprt möglicherweise einen aussagekräftigen präoperativen immuncytochemischen Marker mit Auswirkung auf OP-Zeitpunkt, OP-Verfahren und OP-Taktik dar.
Results are presented on event-by-event electric charge fluctuations in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20, 30, 40, 80 and 158 AGeV. The observed fluctuations are close to those expected for a gas of pions correlated by global charge conservation only. These fluctuations are considerably larger than those calculated for an ideal gas of deconfined quarks and gluons. The present measurements do not necessarily exclude reduced fluctuations from a quark-gluon plasma because these might be masked by contributions from resonance decays.
System-size dependence of strangeness production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at √sNN = 17.3 GeV
(2005)
Emission of pi, K, phi and Lambda was measured in near-central C+C and Si+Si collisions at 158 AGeV beam energy. Together with earlier data for p+p, S+S and Pb+Pb, the system-size dependence of relative strangeness production in nucleus-nucleus collisions is obtained. Its fast rise and the saturation observed at about 60 participating nucleons can be understood as onset of the formation of coherent partonic subsystems of increasing size. PACS numbers: 25.75.-q
Production of Lambda and Antilambda hyperons was measured in central Pb-Pb collisions at 40, 80, and 158 A GeV beam energy on a fixed target. Transverse mass spectra and rapidity distributions are given for all three energies. The Lambda/pi ratio at mid-rapidity and in full phase space shows a pronounced maximum between the highest AGS and 40 A GeV SPS energies, whereas the anti-Lambda}/pi ratio exhibits a monotonic increase. PACS numbers: 25.75.-q
Results are presented on Omega production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 40 and 158 AGeV beam energy. Given are transverse-mass spectra, rapidity distributions, and total yields for the sum Omega+Antiomega at 40 AGeV and for Omega and Antiomega separately at 158 AGeV. The yields are strongly under-predicted by the string-hadronic UrQMD model and are in better agreement with predictions from a hadron gas models. PACS numbers: 25.75.Dw
Particle production in central Pb+Pb collisions was studied with the NA49 large acceptance spectrometer at the CERN SPS at beam energies of 20, 30, 40, 80, and 158 GeV per nucleon. A change of the energy dependence is observed around 30A GeV for the yields of pions and strange particles as well as for the shapes of the transverse mass spectra. At present only a reaction scenario with onset of deconfinement is able to reproduce the measurements.