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Partons traversing the strongly interacting medium produced in heavy-ion collisions are expected to lose energy depending on their color charge and mass. We measure the nuclear modification factors for charm- and bottom-decay electrons, defined as the ratio of yields, scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, in sNN−−−√ = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions to p+p collisions (RAA), or in central to peripheral Au+Au collisions (RCP). We find the bottom-decay electron RAA and RCP to be significantly higher than that of charm-decay electrons. Model calculations including mass-dependent parton energy loss in a strongly coupled medium are consistent with the measured data. These observations provide clear evidence of mass ordering of charm and bottom quark energy loss when traversing through the strongly coupled medium created in heavy-ion collisions.
Partons traversing the strongly interacting medium produced in heavy-ion collisions are expected to lose energy depending on their color charge and mass. We measure the nuclear modification factors for charm- and bottom-decay electrons, defined as the ratio of yields, scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions, in sNN−−−√ = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions to p+p collisions (RAA), or in central to peripheral Au+Au collisions (RCP). We find the bottom-decay electron RAA and RCP to be significantly higher than that of charm-decay electrons. Model calculations including mass-dependent parton energy loss in a strongly coupled medium are consistent with the measured data. These observations provide clear evidence of mass ordering of charm and bottom quark energy loss when traversing through the strongly coupled medium created in heavy-ion collisions.
Lexical access speed and the development of phonological recoding during immediate serial recall
(2022)
A recent Registered Replication Report (RRR) of the development of verbal rehearsal during serial recall revealed that children verbalized at younger ages than previously thought, but did not identify sources of individual differences. Here, we use mediation analysis to reanalyze data from the 934 children ranging from 5 to 10 years old from the RRR for that purpose. From ages 5 to 7, the time taken for a child to label pictures (i.e. isolated naming speed) predicted the child’s spontaneous use of labels during a visually presented serial reconstruction task, despite no need for spoken responses. For 6- and 7-year-olds, isolated naming speed also predicted recall. The degree to which verbalization mediated the relation between isolated naming speed and recall changed across development. All relations dissipated by age 10. The same general pattern was observed in an exploratory analysis of delayed recall for which greater demands are placed on rehearsal for item maintenance. Overall, our findings suggest that spontaneous phonological recoding during a standard short-term memory task emerges around age 5, increases in efficiency during the early elementary school years, and is sufficiently automatic by age 10 to support immediate serial recall in most children. Moreover, the findings highlight the need to distinguish between phonological recoding and rehearsal in developmental studies of short-term memory.
Die Thrombozytenaktivierung, die PLA-Bildung via CD62, die Leukozytenaktivierung und die entzündliche Aktivität am Endothel nehmen in der heutigen pathophysiologischen Vorstellung der peripheren Atherosklerose und ihrer Entstehung eine zentrale Rolle ein. In dieser Querschnittstudie wurden die PLA-Bildung und Marker der Plättchen-, Leukozyten- und Endothelaktivierung (PAC-1, CD62, Mac-1 und sICAM-1) bei 44 Patienten mit peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit unter Therapie mit ASS (n=17), Clopidogrel (n=12), ihrer Kombination (n=8) oder ohne Therapie (n=7) und bei einer Kontrollgruppe, bestehend aus gesunden Probanden (n=9), untersucht. Die Messungen wurden mittels Flowzytometrie im Vollblut ohne (baseline) und nach in vitro Stimulation mit ADP oder TRAP und eines Immunoassays durchgeführt. Die CD62-Expression zeigte sich bei unbehandelten und mit ASS behandelten Patienten ohne und nach Stimulation signifikant höher als bei mit Clopidogrel oder mit einer Kombination aus ASS und Clopidogrel behandelten Patienten. Gleiches galt für die PLA-Bildung (Monozyten-Leukozyten-Aggregate). Die Mac-1-Expression zeigte sich in den mit TRAP oder ADP stimulierten Proben unter einer Kombina-tionstherapie aus ASS und Clopidogrel gegenüber Patienten ohne oder mit ASS Monotherapie signifikant reduziert. Die sICAM-1-Plasmakonzentrationen waren bei gesunden Probanden und bei antiaggregatorische behandelten Patienten signifikant niedriger als bei unbehandelten Patienten. Die Werte unterschieden sich dabei zwischen den verschiedenen antiaggregatorischen Therapien nur unwesentlich. Dies ist die erste Studie, die zeigt, dass die PLA-Bildung bei Patienten mit pAVK vermehrt ist und unter einer Therapie mit Clopidogrel gemindert wird.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. While the largest published genome-wide association study identified 64 BD risk loci, the causal SNPs and genes within these loci remain unknown. We applied a suite of statistical and functional fine-mapping methods to these loci, and prioritized 22 likely causal SNPs for BD. We mapped these SNPs to genes, and investigated their likely functional consequences by integrating variant annotations, brain cell-type epigenomic annotations, brain quantitative trait loci, and results from rare variant exome sequencing in BD. Convergent lines of evidence supported the roles of SCN2A, TRANK1, DCLK3, INSYN2B, SYNE1, THSD7A, CACNA1B, TUBBP5, PLCB3, PRDX5, KCNK4, AP001453.3, TRPT1, FKBP2, DNAJC4, RASGRP1, FURIN, FES, YWHAE, DPH1, GSDMB, MED24, THRA, EEF1A2, and KCNQ2 in BD. These represent promising candidates for functional experiments to understand biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Additionally, we demonstrated that fine-mapping effect sizes can improve performance and transferability of BD polygenic risk scores across ancestrally diverse populations, and present a high-throughput fine-mapping pipeline (https://github.com/mkoromina/SAFFARI).
We present the first measurements of charge-dependent correlations on angular difference variables η1 − η2 (pseudorapidity) and φ1 − φ2 (azimuth) for primary charged hadrons with transverse momentum 0.15 <= pt <= 2 GeV/c and |η| <= 1.3 from Au–Au collisions at √sNN = 130 GeV. We observe correlation structures not predicted by theory but consistent with evolution of hadron emission geometry with increasing centrality from one-dimensional fragmentation of color strings along the beam direction to an at least two-dimensional hadronization geometry along the beam and azimuth directions of a hadron-opaque bulk medium.