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The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton–proton collisions at s=900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|η|<0.8) over the transverse momentum range 0.15<pT<10 GeV/c. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for |η|<0.8 is 〈pT〉INEL=0.483±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c and 〈pT〉NSD=0.489±0.001 (stat.)±0.007 (syst.) GeV/c, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger 〈pT〉 than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET.
Der Staat Moskau stand im 17. Jahrhundert außerhalb des europäischen Stnatslebens. Es war eine seltene Ausnahme, daß russische Gesandte in Westeuropa erschienen. Sie machten mit ihrer asiatischen Tracht, bei ihrer völligen Unkenntnis der Sprachen und Sitten der vorgeschrittenen Völker denselben Eindruck, welchen heutzutage chinesische Diplomaten hervorzubringen pflegen. Kamen westeuropäische Gesandte nach Moskau, so hatten sie, nach Hause heimkehrend, von ähnlichen Erlebnissen und Reiseeindrücken zu berichten, wie etwa gegenwärtig eine Reise naoh Persien oder Japan dieselben darzubieten pflegt. Ein ständiger diplomatischer Verkehr zwischen Rufsland und Westeuropa war das Resultat der großen Wandlung, welche sich in dem moskowitischen Staate im Zeitalter Peters des Großen vollzog. Die folgende Darstellung der Reise eines russischen Gesandten nach Florenz und Venedig um die Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts mag diese Verhältnisse veranschaulichen. Es hatte sich im Jahre 1655 ereignet, daß die Republik Venedig einen diplomatischen Agenten - es war ein Geistlicher, Alberto Vimina - nach Rußland gesandt hatte, um den Zaren Alexei zur Teilnahme an einer von den westeuropäischen Staaten gegen die Türkei zu unternehmenden militärischen Aktion zu veranlassen. Der Zar Alexei war indessen, gerade als der venetianisohe Diplomat nach Rußland kam, mit dem Kriege gegen Polen beschäftigt; auch konnte man einen Bruch zwischen Schweden und Rußland erwarten. So lagen denn die orientalische Frage und andere politischen Interessen der russischenen Regierung ferne. ...
The ongoing digitalization of educational resources and the use of the internet lead to a steady increase of potentially available learning media. However, many of the media which are used for educational purposes have not been designed specifically for teaching and learning. Usually, linguistic criteria of readability and comprehensibility as well as content-related criteria are used independently to assess and compare the quality of educational media. This also holds true for educational media used in economics. This article aims to improve the analysis of textual learning media used in economic education by drawing on threshold concepts. Threshold concepts are key terms in knowledge acquisition within a domain. From a linguistic perspective, however, threshold concepts are instances of specialized vocabularies, exhibiting particular linguistic features. In three kinds of (German) resources, namely in textbooks, in newspapers, and on Wikipedia, we investigate the distributive profiles of 63 threshold concepts identified in economics education (which have been collected from threshold concept research). We looked at the threshold concepts' frequency distribution, their compound distribution, and their network structure within the three kinds of resources. The two main findings of our analysis show that firstly, the three kinds of resources can indeed be distinguished in terms of their threshold concepts' profiles. Secondly, Wikipedia definitely shows stronger associative connections between economic threshold concepts than the other sources. We discuss the findings in relation to adequate media use for teaching and learning—not only in economic education.
We measured the Coulomb dissociation of 16O into 4He and 12C at the R3B setup in a first campaign within FAIR Phase 0 at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt. The goal was to improve the accuracy of the experimental data for the 12C(α,γ)16O fusion reaction and to reach lower center-ofmass energies than measured so far.
The experiment required beam intensities of 109 16O ions per second at an energy of 500 MeV/nucleon. The rare case of Coulomb breakup into 12C and 4He posed another challenge: The magnetic rigidities of the particles are so close because of the same mass-to-charge-number ratio A/Z = 2 for 16O, 12C and 4He. Hence, radical changes of the R3B setup were necessary. All detectors had slits to allow the passage of the unreacted 16O ions, while 4He and 12C would hit the detectors' active areas depending on the scattering angle and their relative energies. We developed and built detectors based on organic scintillators to track and identify the reaction products with sufficient precision.
