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The lipid status in patients with ulcerative colitis : Sphingolipids are disease-dependent regulated
(2019)
The factors that contribute to the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), are still not fully identified. Disruption of the colon barrier is one of the first events leading to invasion of bacteria and activation of the immune system. The colon barrier is strongly influenced by sphingolipids. Sphingolipids impact cell–cell contacts and function as second messengers. We collected blood and colon tissue samples from UC patients and healthy controls and investigated the sphingolipids and other lipids by LC-MS/MS or LC-QTOFMS. The expression of enzymes of the sphingolipid pathway were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. In inflamed colon tissue, the de novo-synthesis of sphingolipids is reduced, whereas lactosylceramides are increased. Reduction of dihydroceramides was due to posttranslational inhibition rather than altered serine palmitoyl transferase or ceramide synthase expression in inflamed colon tissue. Furthermore, in human plasma from UC-patients, several sphinglipids change significantly in comparison to healthy controls. Beside sphingolipids free fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholines and triglycerides changed significantly in the blood of colitis patients dependent on the disease severity. Our data indicate that detraction of the sphingolipid de novo synthesis in colon tissue might be an important trigger for UC. Several lipids changed significantly in the blood, which might be used as biomarkers for disease control; however, diet-related variabilities need to be considered.
Background: Vitamin D is required to maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier and inhibits inflammatory signaling pathways.
Objective: Vitamin D deficiency might be involved in cirrhosis-associated systemic inflammation and risk of hepatic decompensation in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Methods: Outpatients of the Hepatology Unit of the University Hospital Frankfurt with advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis were prospectively enrolled. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3) serum concentrations were quantified and associated with markers of systemic inflammation / intestinal bacterial translocation and hepatic decompensation.
Results: A total of 338 patients with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis were included. Of those, 51 patients (15%) were hospitalized due to hepatic decompensation during follow-up. Overall, 72 patients (21%) had severe vitamin D deficiency. However, patients receiving vitamin D supplements had significantly higher 25(OH)D3 serum levels compared to patients without supplements (37 ng/mL vs. 16 ng/ml, P<0.0001). Uni- and multivariate analyses revealed an independent association of severe vitamin D deficiency with the risk of hepatic decompensation during follow-up (multivariate P = 0.012; OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.30–8.2), together with MELD score, low hemoglobin concentration, low coffee consumption, and presence of diabetes. Of note, serum levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6 and soluble CD14 were significantly higher in patients with versus without severe vitamin D deficiency, and serum levels of soluble CD14 levels declined in patients with de novo supplementation of vitamin D (median 2.15 vs. 1.87 ng/mL, P = 0.002).
Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study, baseline vitamin D levels were inversely associated with liver-cirrhosis related systemic inflammation and the risk of hepatic decompensation.
Background: It is occasionally difficult to distinguish the stellate reticulum-like region of ameloblastoma from the fibrous connective tissue stroma. This difficulty is further pronounced in the plexiform variant of ameloblastoma that has very sparse fibrous connective tissue.
Aim: To test the utility of Azan trichrome stain in marking tumour regions and the peri-tumour environment of ameloblastoma.
Materials and Methods: Sections were prepared for 18 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of ameloblastoma cases and stained with Azan trichrome stain according to the manufacturer's specification.
Results and Conclusions: The tumour areas were stained mostly brown, with the ameloblasts mainly marked as deep brown while the stellate reticulum-like region was light brown. The structures in the peri-tumour region were marked with different shades of blue. Azan trichrome staining was able to distinguish between the fibrous connective tissue and the stellate reticulum-like areas in 100% of the cases.