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Den wissenschaftlichen Historismus seit Leopold von Ranke und den ästhetischen Historismus des klassischen historischen Romans seit Walter Scott, der bis heute etwa im Wenderoman von Uwe Tellkamp seine Fortsetzung findet, scheint eher ein Verwandtschafts- als ein Transformationsverhältnis zu verbinden. Etablierte sich der historische Roman gerade dadurch als Gattung, dass er an der Geschichtswissenschaft und ihrem Wahrheitskriterium Maß nehmend Ebenbürtigkeit reklamierte, relativiert die postmoderne Historiografieforschung umgekehrt den Gültigkeitsanspruch der wissenschaftlich ermittelten Sinnhaftigkeit der Geschichte als Produkt narrativer Verfahren ihrer Darstellung. Die Transformation der Geschichtswissenschaft in den historischen Roman, so die These dieses Aufsatzes, betrifft weniger die Erzählverfahren als vielmehr die Sinndeutung: Die abstrakten Sinnzusammenhänge, die die Wissenschaft konstruiert, übersetzt der Roman zurück in konkreten Sinn, der der Geschichte die Aura von Subjektgemäßheit und Zustimmungswürdigkeit verleiht.
Large-scale molecular profiling studies in recent years have shown that central nervous system (CNS) tumors display a much greater heterogeneity in terms of molecularly distinct entities, cellular origins and genetic drivers than anticipated from histological assessment. DNA methylation profiling has emerged as a useful tool for robust tumor classification, providing new insights into these heterogeneous molecular classes. This is particularly true for rare CNS tumors with a broad morphological spectrum, which are not possible to assign as separate entities based on histological similarity alone. Here, we describe a molecularly distinct subset of predominantly pediatric CNS neoplasms (n = 60) that harbor PATZ1 fusions. The original histological diagnoses of these tumors covered a wide spectrum of tumor types and malignancy grades. While the single most common diagnosis was glioblastoma (GBM), clinical data of the PATZ1-fused tumors showed a better prognosis than typical GBM, despite frequent relapses. RNA sequencing revealed recurrent MN1:PATZ1 or EWSR1:PATZ1 fusions related to (often extensive) copy number variations on chromosome 22, where PATZ1 and the two fusion partners are located. These fusions have individually been reported in a number of glial/glioneuronal tumors, as well as extracranial sarcomas. We show here that they are more common than previously acknowledged, and together define a biologically distinct CNS tumor type with high expression of neural development markers such as PAX2, GATA2 and IGF2. Drug screening performed on the MN1:PATZ1 fusion-bearing KS-1 brain tumor cell line revealed preliminary candidates for further study. In summary, PATZ1 fusions define a molecular class of histologically polyphenotypic neuroepithelial tumors, which show an intermediate prognosis under current treatment regimens.
An ever-increasing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens stands in stark contrast to the current level of investment in their development, particularly in the fields of natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules. New agents displaying innovative chemistry and modes of action are desperately needed worldwide to tackle the public health menace posed by antimicrobial resistance. Here, our consortium presents a strategic blueprint to substantially improve our ability to discover and develop new antibiotics. We propose both short-term and long-term solutions to overcome the most urgent limitations in the various sectors of research and funding, aiming to bridge the gap between academic, industrial and political stakeholders, and to unite interdisciplinary expertise in order to efficiently fuel the translational pipeline for the benefit of future generations.