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Sozial kompetente Personen sind in der Lage, zwischenmenschliche Interaktionen zu analysieren und zielorientiert zu agieren, während sie gleichzeitig die Interessen ihrer Interaktionspartner berücksichtigen. Sozial kompetente Personen verfügen demnach über perzeptive Fähigkeiten sowie behaviorale Fertigkeiten. Diese auf Thorndike (1920) zurückgehende Definition weist Soziale Kompetenz als leistungsbezogene Persönlichkeitsvariable aus. Förderlich sollte sie sich insbesondere im Umgang mit interpersonellen Stressoren auswirken: Sozial kompetenten Personen sollte es per definitionem gelingen, den Verlauf interpersoneller Konflikte konstruktiv zu beeinflussen. Tatsache ist, dass soziale Konflikte zudem selbst-regulatorische Fähigkeiten verlangen, da nicht nur die negativen Emotionen der Konfliktpartner, sondern auch persönliche aversive Gefühle bewältigt werden müssen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, ob Soziale Kompetenz implizit auch selbstregulative Kompetenzen im Umgang mit negativen Emotionen umfasst. Diese Fragestellung wurde an N = 124 Arbeitnehmern verschiedener Branchen untersucht. Nach einer performanzorientierten Diagnose Sozialer Kompetenz mit Hilfe eines computergestützten Multimedia-Tests (lnteraktives System zur Identifikation Sozialer Kompetenzen, ISIS 2.0; Runde, Bastians, Kluge & Wübbelmann, 1999) sowie der Erhebung von Selbstkonzept- und habitueller Affektivitäts-Variablen per Fragebogen protokollierten die Teilnehmer in einer anschließenden vierwöchigen Untersuchungsphase jeweils am Ende einer Arbeitswoche, wie viele interpersonelle Spannungssituationen sie in den vergangenen Tagen mit Vorgesetzten, Kollegen und/oder Mitarbeitern erlebt und auf welche Weise sie die für sie belastendste Situation bewältigt hatten. Wider Erwarten stand Soziale Kompetenz in positivem Zusammenhang mit defensivem Konfliktverhalten, das durch das Unterdrücken negativer Emotionen, nicht deren Bewältigung gekennzeichnet war. lntegratives Konfliktverhalten, der Prototyp sozial kompetenten Konfliktmanagements, stand hingegen in positivem Zusammenhang mit nicht-leistungsbezogenen Persönlichkeitsvariablen wie statebezogener Positiver Affektivität und Allgemeiner Selbstwirksamkeit. Performanzorientiert gemessene Soziale Kompetenz umfasst demnach die Fähigkeit zur Regulation des Verhaltens, nicht die Fähigkeit zur Regulation eigener Emotionen. Bezüge dieser Ergebnisse zur Emotionsarbeit, insbesondere zu den Auswirkungen emotionaler Dissonanz, werden diskutiert.
Following up on earlier investigations, the present research aims at validating the construct impostor phenomenon by taking other personality correlates into account and to examine whether the impostor phenomenon is a construct in its own right. In addition, gender effects as well as associations with dispositional working styles and strain are examined. In an online study we surveyed a sample of N = 242 individuals occupying leadership positions in different sectors. Confirmatory factor analyses provide empirical evidence for the discriminant validity of the impostor phenomenon. In accord with earlier studies we show that the impostor phenomenon is accompanied by higher levels of anxiety, dysphoric moods, emotional instability, a generally negative self-evaluation, and perfectionism. The study does not reveal any gender differences concerning the impostor phenomenon. With respect to working styles, persons with an impostor self-concept tend to show perfectionist as well as procrastinating behaviors. Moreover, they report being more stressed and strained by their work. In sum, the findings show that the impostor phenomenon constitutes a dysfunctional personality style. Practical implications are discussed.
Background: This study assessed the impact of medical students’ emotion recognition ability and extraversion on their empathic communication, as perceived by simulated patients in a training context.
Methods: This study used a crossed-effect data structure and examined 245 students in their fourth year of medical school. The students’ personality traits were assessed based on a self-assessment questionnaire of the short form of the Big Five Inventory; their emotion recognition ability was measured using a performance test (Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy-2, Adult Facial Expressions). Simulated patients evaluated the medical students’ empathic communication.
Results: Students with a combination of high emotion recognition ability and extraversion received more positive ratings from simulated patients than their fellow students with a combination of emotion recognition ability and low extraversion. The main effects of emotion recognition or extraversion were not sufficient to yield similar effects. There were no other effects related to the remaining Big Five variables.
Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that to build rapport with patients, medical staff need to combine emotional capabilities with a dispositional interest in interpersonal encounters.
Following up on earlier investigations, the present paper analyzes construct validity of the impostor phenomenon. It examines the question whether the impostor phenomenon is a homogeneous construct or whether different types of persons with impostor self-concept can be distinguished on the basis of related characteristics. The study was conducted with professionals in leadership positions exhibiting a pronounced impostor self-concept (n = 183). Cluster-analytic procedures indicated the existence of two different types: one group which, in line with the literature (e.g., Clance, 1985), possessed traits classified as fairly unfavorable (“true impostors”) and another group which can be described as largely unencumbered (“strategic impostors”). The present study suggests two types of impostorism: “True” impostors characterized by the negative self-views associated with the construct definition, and more “strategic” impostors who seem to be less encumbered by self-doubt. It is assumed that “strategic impostors” are characterized by a form of deliberate self-presentation. Therefore, the impostor self-concept cannot principally be viewed as a dysfunctional personality style. This distinction should be more carefully considered in further research and in therapeutic interventions.