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The epithelial absorbing cells of the small intestinal villi, the enterocytes, are the main protagonists for the transport of nutrients from the intestinal lumen to the interstitial fluids. The oriented flow of nutrients is carried out by different and complementary transport systems present in the apical and the basolateral domains of the enterocyte’s plasma membrane. One of the distinctive characteristics of those intestinal cells is the presence of numerous structurally distinct protrusions (referred as microvilli) on the apical surface of the plasma membrane. They confer the brush-like appearance of the microvillus border (commonly referred to as the "brush border") typically observed in the light microscope. Over the years, there has been considerable interest to study the molecular mechanisms driving the transport of molecules across the intestinal brush border membrane (BBM). Defects have been described to cause a variety of pathological conditions, such as disorders in the metabolism of saccharides (glucose and galactose malabsorption, lactose intolerance), amino acids (Hartnup disease, aminoacidurias), ions (sodium and potassium in the case of familiar diarrhea), metals (zinc in acrodermatitis enteropathica) and cholesterol lipids (cardiovascular diseases). In particular, the essential role of the BBM in regulating the delicate balance between cholesterol influx and efflux from the lumen to the enterocyte has been recently highlighted through the genetic analysis of individuals suffering of cholesterol disorders as well as in several clinical studies involving the use of dietary plant sterols (phytostrerols) or specific protein inhibitors blocking essential components of the cholesterol absorption/resorption pathway. ...