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- Physik (6)
A validity of a recent estimate of an upper limit of charm production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 AGeV is critically discussed. Within a simple model we study properties of the background subtraction procedure used for an extraction of the charm signal from the analysis of dilepton spectra. We demonstrate that a production asymmetry between positively and negatively charged background muons and a large multiplicity of signal pairs leads to biased results. Therefore the applicability of this procedure for the analysis of nucleus-nucleus data should be reconsidered before final conclusions on the upper limit estimate of charm production could be drawn.
Charge fluctuations studied on event-by-event basis have been recently suggested to provide a signal of the equilibrium quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions at high energies. It is argued that the fluctuations generated at the early collision stage when the energy is released can fake the signal. PACS 25.75.-q, 12.38.Mh, 24.60.-k
Ackermann, K. H. ; Adams, N. ; Adler, Clemens ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Ahmad, Shakeel ; Allgower, Chris ; Amsbaugh, J. ; Anderson, Mike ; Anderssen, E. ; Arnesen, H. ; Arnold, L. ; Averichev, Georgy S. ; Baldwin, A. ; Balewski, Jan ; Barannikova, Olga ; Barnby, Lee Stuart ; Baudot, Jérome ; Beddo, Michael E. ; Bekele, Selemon ; Belaga, Victoria Vladimirovna ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bennett, Samuel ; Bercovitz, J. ; Berger, Jens ; Betts, W. ; Bichsel, Hans ; Bieser, Fred ; Bland, Leslie C. ; Bloomer, Matthew A. ; Blyth, Charles O. ; Boehm, J. ; Bonner, Billy E. ; Bonnet, D. ; Bossingham, R. ; Botlo, M. ; Boucham, Abdelkrim ; Bouillo, N. ; Bouvier, S. ; Bradley, K. ; Brady, Franklin Paul ; Braithwaite, E. S. ; Braithwaite, Wilfred J. ; Brandin, Andrei V. ; Brown, R. L. ; Brugalette, G. ; Byrd, C. ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cardenas, Andrés ; Carr, Lincoln D. ; Carroll, J. ; Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto ; Caylor, B. ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chatopadhyay, S. ; Chen, M. L. ; Chen, W. ; Chen, Y. ; Chernenko, Sergey P. ; Cherney, Michael Gerard ; Chikanian, Alexei ; Choi, B. ; Chrin, J. ; Christie, William ; Coffin, Jean Pierre ; Conin, Laurent ; Consiglio, C. ; Cormier, Thomas Michael ; Cramer, John G. ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Danilov, V. I. ; Dayton, D. ; DeMello, M. ; Deng, W. S. ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dialinas, M. ; Diaz, H. ; DeYoung, P. A. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dimassimo, D. ; Dioguardi, J. ; Dominik, W. ; Drancourt, C. ; Draper, James E. ; Dunin, V. B. ; Dunlop, James C. ; Eckardt, Volker ; Edwards, W. R. ; Efimov, Leonid G. ; Eggert, Tobias ; Emelianov, V. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Erazmus, Barbara Ewa ; Etkin, A. ; Fachini, Patricia ; Feliciano, C. ; Ferenc, Daniel ; Ferguson, M. I. ; Fessler, H. ; Finch, Evan ; Fine, Valeri ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flierl, Dominik Bernhard ; Flores, I. ; Foley, K. J. ; Fritz, D. ; Gagunashvili, N. ; Gans, J. ; Gaździcki, Marek ; Germain, Marie ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghazikhanian, Vahe ; Gojak, C. ; Grabski, J. ; Grachov, Oleg A. ; Grau, M. ; Greiner, D. ; Greiner, Leo Clifford ; Grigoriev, Vladislav A. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gross, J. ; Guilloux, G. ; Gushin, E. ; Hall, J. ; Hallman, Timothy J. ; Hardtke, David H. ; Harper, G. ; Harris, John W. ; He, P. ; Heffner, Michael D. ; Heppelmann, Steven Francis ; Herston, T. ; Hill, D. ; Hippolyte, Boris ; Hirsch, Andrew S. ; Hjort, Eric ; Hoffmann, Gerald W. ; Horsley, M. ; Howe, Mark A. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Hümmler, Holm Gero ; Hunt, W. ; Hunter, J. ; Igo, George J. ; Ishihara, A. ; Ivanshin, Yu. I. ; Jacobs, Peter Martin ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jacobson, S. ; Jared, R. ; Jensen, P. ; Johnson, I. ; Jones, Peter Graham ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kaneta, Kaneta ; Kaplan, Morton ; Keane, Declan ; Kenney, V. P. ; Khodinov, A. ; Klay, Jennifer Lynn ; Klein, Spencer Robert ; Klyachko, A. ; Koehler, G. ; Konstantinov, A. S. ; Kormilitsyne, V. ; Kotchenda, L. ; Kotov, I. ; Kovalenko, A. D. ; Kramer, M. ; Kravtsov, Peter ; Krueger, Keith William ; Krupien, T. ; Kuczewski, P. ; Kuhn, Christian Claude ; Kunde, Gerd J. ; Kunz, Christopher Lee ; Kutuev, R. Kh. ; Kuznetsov, A. A. ; Lakehal-Ayat, L. ; Lamas-Valverde, Jose ; Lamont, Matthew A. C. ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lange, S. ; Lansdell, Curtis Patrick Leon ; Lasiuk, Brian ; Laue, Frank ; Lebedev, Alexei ; LeCompte, T. ; Leonhardt, W. J. ; Leontiev, V. M. ; Leszczynski, P. ; LeVine, Micheal J. ; Li, Q. ; Li, Q. ; Li, Z. ; Liaw, C.-J. ; Lin, J. ; Lindenbaum, Sam J. ; Lindenstruth, Volker ; Lindstrom, P. J. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, H. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; LoCurto, G. ; Long, H. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Lopez-Noriega, M. ; Lopiano, D. ; Love, William A. ; Lutz, J. R. ; Lynn, David ; Madansky, L. ; Maier, R. ; Majka, Richard Daniel ; Maliszewski, A. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Marks, K. ; Marstaller, R. ; Martin, L. ; Marx, Jay N. ; Matis, Howard S. ; Matulenko, Yuri A. ; Matyushevski, E. A. ; McParland, C. ; McShane, Tom S. ; Meier, J. ; Melnick, Yu. ; Meščanin, Aleksei P. ; Middlekamp, P. ; Mikhalin, N. ; Miller, B. ; Milosevich, Z. ; Minaev, Nikolai G. ; Minor, B. ; Mitchell, J. ; Mogavero, E. ; Moiseenko, V. A. ; Moltz, D. ; Moore, C. F. ; Morozov, V. ; Morse, Richard J. ; de Moura, M. M. ; Munhoz, Marcelo Gameiro ; Mutchler, G. S. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nevski, P. ; Ngo, T. ; Nguyen, M. ; Nguyen, T. ; Nikitin, Vladimir A. ; Nogach, Larisa V. ; Noggle, T. ; Norman, B. ; Nurušev, Sandibek B. ; Nussbaum, Ted ; Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Ogilvie, C. A. ; Olchanski, K. ; Oldenburg, Markus D. ; Olson, Douglas L. ; Ososkov, Gennadij A. ; Ott, G. ; Padrazo, D. ; Paic, Guy ; Pandey, S. U. ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Panitkin, Sergei Yurievich ; Pavlinov, A. I. ; Pawlak, Tomasz Jan ; Pentia, M. ; Perevotchikov, V. ; Peryt, Wiktor Stanislaw ; Petrov, V. A ; Pinganaud, W. ; Pirogov, S. ; Platner, E. ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Polk, I. ; Porile, Norbert T. ; Porter, Jeffrey Brent ; Poskanzer, Arthur M. ; Potrebenikova, E. ; Prindle, Duncan J. ; Pruneau, Claude A. ; Puskar-Pasewicz, J. ; Rai, Gulshan ; Rasson, J. ; Ravel, Olivier ; Ray, Robert L. ; Razin, Sergej V. ; Reichhold, Dennis Michael ; Reid, Jeffrey G. ; Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst ; Retiere, Fabrice ; Ridiger, Alexey ; Riso, J. ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Roberts, Jabus B. ; Röhrich, Dieter ; Rogachevski, O. V. ; Romero, Juan L. ; Roy, Christelle Sophie ; Russ, D. ; Rykov, Vladimir L. ; Sakrejda, Iwona ; Sanchez, R. ; Sandler, Z. ; Sandweiss, Jack H. ; Sappenfield, P. ; Saulys, A. C. ; Savin, Igor A. ; Schambach, Joachim ; Scharenberg, Rolf Paul ; Scheblien, J. ; Scheetz, R. ; Schlueter, R. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schroeder, Lee S. ; Schulz, M. ; Schüttauf, Andreas ; Sedlmeir, J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seliverstov, D. ; Seyboth, J. ; Seyboth, Peter ; Seymour, R. ; Shakaliev, E. I. ; Shestermanov, Konstantin E. ; Shi, Y. ; Shimanskii, S. S. ; Shuman, Derek ; Shvetcov, V. S. ; Skoro, Goran P. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Smykov, L. P. ; Snellings, Raimond ; Solberg, K. ; Sowinski, James ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, Brijesh Kumar ; Stephenson, Edward J. ; Stock, Reinhard ; Stolpovsky, Alexander ; Stone, N. ; Stone, R. ; Strichanov, Michail Nikolaevič ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Ströbele, Herbert ; Struck, Christof ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Sugarbaker, Evan R. ; Suire, Christophe Pierre ; Symons, Timothy James MacNeil ; Takahashi, Jun ; Tang, Aihong ; Tarchini, A. ; Tarzian, J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Tikhomirov, V. ; Toledo, Alejandro Szanto de ; Tonse, Shaheen ; Trainor, Thomas A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tonjes, Marguerite Belt ; Trofimov, V. ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Turner, K. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Vakula, I. ; Van Buren, Gene ; VanderMolen, A. M. ; Vanyashin, A. ; Vasilevski, I. M. ; Vasiliev, Alexander Nikolaevich ; Vigdor, Steven E. ; Visser, G. ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Vu, C. ; Wang, F. ; Ward, H. ; Weerasundara, Dhammika D. ; Weidenbach, R. ; Wells, R. ; Wells, R. ; Wenaus, T. ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Whitfield, J. P. ; Whitten, Charles A. ; Wieman, Howard ; Willson, Robert ; Wilson, K. ; Wirth, Joana ; Wisdom, J. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wolf, J. ; Wood, Lindsay ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Z. ; Yakutin, A. E. ; Yamamoto, E. ; Yang, J. ; Yepes, Pablo P. ; Yokosawa, A. ; Yurevich, Vladimir Yurevich ; Zanevski, Y. V. ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, W. M. ; Zhu, Jianhui ; Zimmerman, D. ; Zoulkarneev, R. ; Zubarev, A. N.
Elliptic flow from nuclear collisions is a hadronic observable sensitive to the early stages of system evolution. We report first results on elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV using the STAR Time Projection Chamber at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The elliptic flow signal, v2, averaged over transverse momentum, reaches values of about 6% for relatively peripheral collisions and decreases for the more central collisions. This can be interpreted as the observation of a higher degree of thermalization than at lower collision energies. Pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow are also presented.
In high energy p+p(bar) interactions the mean multiplicity and transverse mass spectra of neutral mesons from eta to Upsilon (m = 0.5 - 10 GeV/c^2) and the transverse mass spectra of pions (m_T > 1 GeV/c^2) reveal a remarkable behaviour: they follow, over more than 10 orders of magnitude, the power-law function:The parameters C and P are energy dependent, but similar for all mesons produced at the same collision energy. This scaling resembles that expected in the statistical description of hadron production: the parameter P plays the role of a temperature and the normalisation constant C is analogous to the system volume. The fundamental difference is, however, in the form of the distribution function. In order to reproduce the experimental results and preserve the basic structure of the statistical approach the Boltzmann factor e^(-E/T) appearing in standard statistical mechanics has to be substituted by a power-law factor (E/Lambda)^(-P).
In high energy p(p)+p interactions the mean multiplicity and transverse mass spectra of neutral mesons from η to ϒ (m≅0.5–10 GeV/c2) and the transverse mass spectra of pions (mT> 1 GeV/c2) reveal a remarkable behaviour: they follow, over more than 10 orders of magnitude, the power-law function: Cm(T)−P. The parameters C and P are energy dependent, but similar for all mesons produced at the same collision energy. This scaling resembles that expected in the statistical description of hadron production: the parameter P plays the role of a temperature and the normalisation constant C is analogous to the system volume. The fundamental difference is, however, in the form of the distribution function. In order to reproduce the experimental results and preserve the basic structure of the statistical approach the Boltzmann factor e−E∗/T appearing in standard statistical mechanics has to be substituted by a power-law factor (E∗/Λ)−P.
Recent results on transverse mass spectra of J/psi and psi prime mesons in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 AGeV are considered. It is shown that those results support a hypothesis of statistical production of charmonia at hadronization and suggest the early thermal freeze-out of J/psi and psi prime mesons. Based on this approach the collective transverse velocity of hadronizing quark gluon plasma is estimated to be <v^H_T> \approx 0.2. Predictions for transverse mass spectra of hidden and open charm mesons at SPS and RHIC are discussed.
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