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Photosynthesis is one of the most vital processes that takes place on Earth. Due to its global significance related to food, energy and material production, photosynthesis research is one of the leading scientific fields in the contemporary world. Particular interest in photosynthesis research is focused on diatoms and as one of the major players of marine phytoplankton, diatoms have a huge impact on global photosynthesis.
Diatoms originated from a secondary endosymbiosis that took place between a putative photosynthetic red algal ancestor and a heterotrophic eukaryote. Secondary endosymbiosis resulted in the formation of chloroplasts with four membranes. Centric diatoms (e.g. Thalassiosira pseudonana or Cyclotella meneghiniana) usually possess many small chloroplasts, while pennates (e.g. Phaeodactylum tricornutum) have several larger ones, or even only one which can occupy half of the cell volume...