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Institute
Abdallah, Mohamed Samy ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Adkins, J. Kevin ; Agakishiev, Geydar ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aitbaev, A. ; Alekseev, Igor G. ; Anderson, Derek M. ; Aparin, Alexey ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Ashraf, Muhammad Usman ; Atetalla, F. G. ; Averichev, Georgy S. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Behera, Arabinda ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bordyuzhin, Igor G. ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Brandin, Andrei V. ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, F-H. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chattopadhyay, S. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, X. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Daugherity, M. ; Dedovich, T. G. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fawzi, F. M. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Francisco, Audrey ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, S. ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Heppelmann, S. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hoffman, E. ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isenhower, D. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jiang, K. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M. L. ; Kagamaster, Skipper ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, Hongwei ; Keane, Declan ; Kechechyan, Armen ; Kelsey, Matthew ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kočenda, L. M. ; Korobitsin, A. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kravtsov, Peter ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, Shyam ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Kwasizur, Joseph H. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Lan, Shaowei ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lednicky, Richard ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, P. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lu, T. ; Lukow, N. S. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Manukhov, S. L. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; Minaev, Nikolai G. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Morozov, Dmitry A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Nayak, Kishora ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nogach, Larisa V. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A. S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okorokov, Vitaly A. ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, Jinjin ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Parfenov, P. ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Porter, Jeffrey Brent ; Posik, Matthew ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robotkova, Monika ; Romero, Juan L. ; Roy, D. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Samigullin, E. ; Sandweiss, Jack H. ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schweid, Benjamin R. ; Seck, Florian ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shahaliev, Ehtiram ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Sichtermann, Ernst P. ; Sikora, Rafał ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Solyst, William ; Song, Y. ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Strichanov, Michail Nikolaevič ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, X. M. ; Sun, Xu ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svirida, Dmitry N. ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Szymański, Paweł ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Taranenko, Arkadiy ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tomkiel, C. A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vasiliev, Alexander Nikolaevich ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Vokal, Stanislav ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, P. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wieman, Howard ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
Notwithstanding decades of progress since Yukawa first developed a description of the force between nucleons in terms of meson exchange, a full understanding of the strong interaction remains a major challenge in modern science. One remaining difficulty arises from the non-perturbative nature of the strong force, which leads to the phenomenon of quark confinement at distances on the order of the size of the proton. Here we show that in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, where quarks and gluons are set free over an extended volume, two species of produced vector (spin-1) mesons, namely ϕ and K∗0, emerge with a surprising pattern of global spin alignment. In particular, the global spin alignment for ϕ is unexpectedly large, while that for K∗0 is consistent with zero. The observed spin-alignment pattern and magnitude for the ϕ cannot be explained by conventional mechanisms, while a model with a connection to strong force fields, i.e. an effective proxy description within the Standard Model and Quantum Chromodynamics, accommodates the current data. This connection, if fully established, will open a potential new avenue for studying the behaviour of strong force fields.
Two-particle correlations on transverse rapidity in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV at STAR
(2022)
Abdallah, Mohamed Samy ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Adkins, J. Kevin ; Agakishiev, Geydar ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aitbaev, A. ; Alekseev, Igor G. ; Anderson, Derek M. ; Aparin, Alexey ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Ashraf, Muhammad Usman ; Atetalla, F. G. ; Averichev, Georgy S. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Behera, Arabinda ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhattarai, P. ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bordyuzhin, Igor G. ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Brandin, Andrei V. ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, F-H. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chattopadhyay, S. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, X. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Daugherity, M. ; Dedovich, T. G. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fawzi, F. M. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Francisco, Audrey ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, S. ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Heppelmann, S. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hoffman, E. ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isenhower, D. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jiang, K. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M. L. ; Kagamaster, Skipper ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, Hongwei ; Keane, Declan ; Kechechyan, Armen ; Kelsey, Matthew ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kočenda, L. M. ; Korobitsin, A. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kravtsov, Peter ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, Shyam ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Kwasizur, Joseph H. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Lan, Shaowei ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lednicky, Richard ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, P. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lu, T. ; Lukow, N. S. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Manukhov, S. L. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; Minaev, Nikolai G. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Morozov, Dmitry A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Nayak, Kishora ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nogach, Larisa V. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A. S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oldag, E. W. ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okorokov, Vitaly A. ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, Jinjin ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Parfenov, P. ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Porter, Jeffrey Brent ; Posik, Matthew ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robotkova, Monika ; Romero, Juan L. ; Roy, D. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Samigullin, E. ; Sandweiss, Jack H. ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schweid, Benjamin R. ; Seck, Florian ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shahaliev, Ehtiram ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Sichtermann, Ernst P. ; Sikora, Rafał ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Solyst, William ; Song, Y. ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Strichanov, Michail Nikolaevič ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, X. M. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svirida, Dmitry N. ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Szymański, Paweł ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Taranenko, Arkadiy ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tomkiel, C. A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vasiliev, Alexander Nikolaevich ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Vokal, Stanislav ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, P. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wieman, Howard ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
Two-particle correlation measurements projected onto two-dimensional, transverse rapidity coordinates (yT1,yT2), allow access to dynamical properties of the QCD medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions that angular correlation measurements are not sensitive to. We report non-identified charged-particle correlations for Au + Au minimum-bias collisions at sNN−−−√ = 200 GeV taken by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). Correlations are presented as 2D functions of transverse rapidity for like-sign, unlike-sign and all charged-particle pairs, as well as for particle pairs whose relative azimuthal angles lie on the near-side, the away-side, or at all relative azimuth. The correlations are constructed using charged particles with transverse momentum pT≥0.15 GeV/c, pseudorapidity from −1 to 1, and azimuthal angles from −π to π. The significant correlation structures that are observed evolve smoothly with collision centrality. The major correlation features include a saddle shape plus a broad peak with maximum near yT≈3, corresponding to pT≈ 1.5 GeV/c. The broad peak is observed in both like- and unlike-sign charge combinations and in near- and away-side relative azimuthal angles. The all-charge, all-azimuth correlation measurements are compared with the theoretical predictions of {\sc hijing} and {\sc epos}. The results indicate that the correlations for peripheral to mid-central collisions can be approximately described as a superposition of nucleon + nucleon collisions with minimal effects from the QCD medium. Strong medium effects are indicated in mid- to most-central collisions.
Abdallah, Mohamed Samy ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Adkins, J. Kevin ; Agakishiev, Geydar ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aitbaev, A. ; Alekseev, Igor G. ; Anderson, Derek M. ; Aparin, Alexey ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Ashraf, Muhammad Usman ; Atetalla, F. G. ; Averichev, Georgy S. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Behera, Arabinda ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bordyuzhin, Igor G. ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Brandin, Andrei V. ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, F-H. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chattopadhyay, S. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, X. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Daugherity, M. ; Dedovich, T. G. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fawzi, F. M. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Francisco, Audrey ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, S. ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Heppelmann, S. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hoffman, E. ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isenhower, D. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jiang, K. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M. L. ; Kagamaster, Skipper ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, Hongwei ; Keane, Declan ; Kechechyan, Armen ; Kelsey, Matthew ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Klein, Spencer Robert ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kočenda, L. M. ; Korobitsin, A. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kravtsov, Peter ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, Shyam ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Kwasizur, Joseph H. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Lan, Shaowei ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lednicky, Richard ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, P. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lu, T. ; Lukow, N. S. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Manukhov, S. L. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; Minaev, Nikolai G. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Morozov, Dmitry A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Nayak, Kishora ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nogach, Larisa V. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A. S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okorokov, Vitaly A. ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, Jinjin ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Parfenov, P. ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Porter, Jeffrey Brent ; Posik, Matthew ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robotkova, Monika ; Romero, Juan L. ; Roy, D. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Samigullin, E. ; Sandweiss, Jack H. ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schweid, Benjamin R. ; Seck, Florian ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shahaliev, Ehtiram ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Sichtermann, Ernst P. ; Sikora, Rafał ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Solyst, William ; Song, Y. ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Strichanov, Michail Nikolaevič ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, X. M. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svirida, Dmitry N. ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Szymański, Paweł ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Taranenko, Arkadiy ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tomkiel, C. A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vasiliev, Alexander Nikolaevich ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Vokal, Stanislav ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, P. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wieman, Howard ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
A linearly polarized photon can be quantized from the Lorentz-boosted electromagnetic field of a nucleus traveling at ultra-relativistic speed. When two relativistic heavy nuclei pass one another at a distance of a few nuclear radii, the photon from one nucleus may interact through a virtual quark-antiquark pair with gluons from the other nucleus forming a short-lived vector meson (e.g. ρ0). In this experiment, the polarization was utilized in diffractive photoproduction to observe a unique spin interference pattern in the angular distribution of ρ0→π+π− decays. The observed interference is a result of an overlap of two wave functions at a distance an order of magnitude larger than the ρ0 travel distance within its lifetime. The strong-interaction nuclear radii were extracted from these diffractive interactions, and found to be 6.53±0.06 fm (197Au) and 7.29±0.08 fm (238U), larger than the nuclear charge radii. The observable is demonstrated to be sensitive to the nuclear geometry and quantum interference of non-identical particles.
Abdallah, Mohamed Samy ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Adkins, J. Kevin ; Agakishiev, Geydar ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aitbaev, A. ; Alekseev, Igor G. ; Anderson, Derek M. ; Aparin, Alexey ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Ashraf, Muhammad Usman ; Atetalla, F. G. ; Averichev, Georgy S. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Behera, Arabinda ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bordyuzhin, Igor G. ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Brandin, Andrei V. ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, F-H. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chattopadhyay, S. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, X. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Daugherity, M. ; Dedovich, T. G. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fawzi, F. M. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Francisco, Audrey ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, S. ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Heppelmann, S. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hoffman, E. ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isenhower, D. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jiang, K. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M. L. ; Kagamaster, Skipper ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, Hongwei ; Keane, Declan ; Kechechyan, Armen ; Kelsey, Matthew ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kočenda, L. M. ; Korobitsin, A. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kravtsov, Peter ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, Shyam ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Kwasizur, Joseph H. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Lan, Shaowei ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lednicky, Richard ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, P. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lu, T. ; Lukow, N. S. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Manukhov, S. L. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; Minaev, Nikolai G. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Morozov, Dmitry A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Nayak, Kishora ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nogach, Larisa V. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A. S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okorokov, Vitaly A. ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, Jinjin ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Parfenov, P. ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Porter, Jeffrey Brent ; Posik, Matthew ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robotkova, Monika ; Romero, Juan L. ; Roy, D. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Samigullin, E. ; Sandweiss, Jack H. ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schweid, Benjamin R. ; Seck, Florian ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shahaliev, Ehtiram ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Sichtermann, Ernst P. ; Sikora, Rafał ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Solyst, William ; Song, Y. ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Strichanov, Michail Nikolaevič ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, X. M. ; Sun, Xu ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svirida, Dmitry N. ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Szymański, Paweł ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Taranenko, Arkadiy ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tomkiel, C. A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vasiliev, Alexander Nikolaevich ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Vokal, Stanislav ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, P. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wieman, Howard ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
The strong force, as one of the four fundamental forces at work in the universe, governs interactions of quarks and gluons, and binds together the atomic nucleus. Notwithstanding decades of progress since Yukawa first developed a description of the force between nucleons in terms of meson exchange, a full understanding of the strong interaction remains a major challenge in modern science. One remaining difficulty arises from the non-perturbative nature of the strong force, which leads to the phenomenon of quark confinement at distance scales on the order of the size of the proton. Here we show that in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, where quarks and gluons are set free over an extended volume, two species of produced vector (spin-1) mesons, namely ϕ and K∗0, emerge with a surprising pattern of global spin alignment. In particular, the global spin alignment for ϕ is unexpectedly large, while that for K∗0 is consistent with zero. The observed spin-alignment pattern and magnitude for the ϕ cannot be explained by conventional mechanisms, while a model with strong force fields accommodates the current data. This is the first time that the strong force field is experimentally supported as a key mechanism that leads to global spin alignment. We extract a quantity proportional to the intensity of the field of the strong force. Within the framework of the Standard Model, where the strong force is typically described in the quark and gluon language of Quantum Chromodynamics, the field being considered here is an effective proxy description. This is a qualitatively new class of measurement, which opens a new avenue for studying the behaviour of strong force fields via their imprint on spin alignment.
Abdallah, Mohamed Samy ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Adkins, J. Kevin ; Agakishiev, Geydar ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aitbaev, A. ; Alekseev, Igor G. ; Anderson, Derek M. ; Aparin, Alexey ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Ashraf, Muhammad Usman ; Atetalla, F. G. ; Averichev, Georgy S. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Behera, Arabinda ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bordyuzhin, Igor G. ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Brandin, Andrei V. ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, F-H. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chattopadhyay, S. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, X. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Daugherity, M. ; Dedovich, T. G. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fawzi, F. M. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Francisco, Audrey ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, S. ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Heppelmann, S. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hoffman, E. ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isenhower, D. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jiang, K. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M. L. ; Kagamaster, Skipper ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, Hongwei ; Keane, Declan ; Kechechyan, Armen ; Kelsey, Matthew ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kočenda, L. M. ; Korobitsin, A. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kravtsov, Peter ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, Shyam ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Kwasizur, Joseph H. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Lan, Shaowei ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lednicky, Richard ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, P. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lu, T. ; Lukow, N. S. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Manukhov, S. L. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; Minaev, Nikolai G. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Morozov, Dmitry A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Nayak, Kishora ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nogach, Larisa V. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A. S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okorokov, Vitaly A. ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, Jinjin ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Parfenov, P. ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Porter, Jeffrey Brent ; Posik, Matthew ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robotkova, Monika ; Romero, Juan L. ; Roy, D. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Samigullin, E. ; Sandweiss, Jack H. ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schweid, Benjamin R. ; Seck, Florian ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shahaliev, Ehtiram ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Sichtermann, Ernst P. ; Sikora, Rafał ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Solyst, William ; Song, Y. ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Strichanov, Michail Nikolaevič ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, X. M. ; Sun, Xu ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svirida, Dmitry N. ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Szymański, Paweł ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Taranenko, Arkadiy ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tomkiel, C. A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vasiliev, Alexander Nikolaevich ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Vokal, Stanislav ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, P. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wieman, Howard ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
The strong force, as one of the four fundamental forces at work in the universe, governs interactions of quarks and gluons, and binds together the atomic nucleus. Notwithstanding decades of progress since Yukawa first developed a description of the force between nucleons in terms of meson exchange, a full understanding of the strong interaction remains a major challenge in modern science. One remaining difficulty arises from the non-perturbative nature of the strong force, which leads to the phenomenon of quark confinement at distance scales on the order of the size of the proton. Here we show that in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, where quarks and gluons are set free over an extended volume, two species of produced vector (spin-1) mesons, namely ϕ and K∗0, emerge with a surprising pattern of global spin alignment. In particular, the global spin alignment for ϕ is unexpectedly large, while that for K∗0 is consistent with zero. The observed spin-alignment pattern and magnitude for the ϕ cannot be explained by conventional mechanisms, while a model with strong force fields accommodates the current data. This is the first time that the strong force field is experimentally supported as a key mechanism that leads to global spin alignment. We extract a quantity proportional to the intensity of the field of the strong force. Within the framework of the Standard Model, where the strong force is typically described in the quark and gluon language of Quantum Chromodynamics, the field being considered here is an effective proxy description. This is a qualitatively new class of measurement, which opens a new avenue for studying the behaviour of strong force fields via their imprint on spin alignment.
Abdallah, Mohamed Samy ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Adkins, J. Kevin ; Agakishiev, G. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Alekseev, I. ; Anderson, D. M. ; Aparin, A. ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Ashraf, M. U. ; Atetalla, F. G. ; Attri, A. ; Averichev, G. S. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Behera, A. ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bordyuzhin, I. G. ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Brandin, A. V. ; Bunzarov, I. ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, F-H. ; Chang, Z. ; Chankova-Bunzarova, N. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chattopadhyay, S. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, X. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Chevalier, M. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Daugherity, M. ; Dedovich, T. G. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Elsey, N. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fawzi, F. M. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Federic, P. ; Fedorisin, J. ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Filip, P. ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Francisco, A. ; Fu, C. ; Fulek, L. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamad, A. I. ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Yiding ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, S. ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Heppelmann, Samuel ; Heppelmann, Steven Francis ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hoffman, E. ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Igo, G. ; Isenhower, D. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jiang, K. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M. L. ; Kagamaster, S. ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, H. W. ; Keane, Declan ; Kechechyan, A. ; Kelsey, M. ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kim, C. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kochenda, L. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kravtsov, P. ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, S. ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Kwasizur, J. H. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Lan, Shaowei ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, A. ; Lednicky, R. ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, P. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, W. J. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lukow, N. S. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Y. G. ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, D. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, J. A. ; Minaev, N. G. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Morozov, D. A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Nayak, K. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nogach, L. V. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A. S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okorokov, Vitaly A. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, J. ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, A. K. ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Parfenov, P. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pinsky, L. ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Ponimatkin, G. ; Porter, J. ; Posik, Matthew ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robotkova, Monika ; Rogachevskiy, O. V. ; Romero, J. L. ; Roy, D. ; Ruan, L. ; Rusnak, J. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sandweiss, J. ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schweid, B. R. ; Seck, F. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Sergeeva, M. ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shahaliev, E. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Sichtermann, E. P. ; Sikora, R. ; Simko, M. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, N. ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Solyst, W. ; Song, Y. ; Sorensen, P. ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. S. ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Strikhanov, M. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Summa, B. ; Sun, X. M. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svirida, D. N. ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Szymanski, P. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Taranenko, A. ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tomkiel, C. A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vasiliev, A. N. ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Vokal, S. ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, P. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Wen, L. ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wieman, Howard ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, X. P. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
We report cumulants of the proton multiplicity distribution from dedicated fixed-target Au+Au collisions at 3.0 GeV, measured by the STAR experiment in the kinematic acceptance of rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (pT) within −0.5<y<0 and 0.4<pT<2.0 GeV/c. In the most central 0--5\% collisions, a proton cumulant ratio is measured to be C4/C2=−0.85±0.09 (stat.)±0.82 (syst.), which is less than unity, the Poisson baseline. The hadronic transport UrQMD model reproduces our C4/C2 in the measured acceptance. Compared to higher energy results and the transport model calculations, the suppression in C4/C2 is consistent with fluctuations driven by baryon number conservation and indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions. These data imply that the QCD critical region, if created in heavy-ion collisions, could only exist at energies higher than 3\,GeV.
Abdallah, Mohamed Samy ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Adkins, J. Kevin ; Agakishiev, G. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Alekseev, I. ; Anderson, D. M. ; Aparin, A. ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Ashraf, M. U. ; Atetalla, F. G. ; Attri, A. ; Averichev, G. S. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Behera, A. ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bordyuzhin, I. G. ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Brandin, A. V. ; Bunzarov, I. ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, F-H. ; Chang, Z. ; Chankova-Bunzarova, N. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chattopadhyay, S. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, X. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Chevalier, M. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Daugherity, M. ; Dedovich, T. G. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Elsey, N. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fawzi, F. M. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Federic, P. ; Fedorisin, J. ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Filip, P. ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Francisco, A. ; Fu, C. ; Fulek, L. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamad, A. I. ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Yiding ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, S. ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Heppelmann, Samuel ; Heppelmann, Steven Francis ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hoffman, E. ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Igo, G. ; Isenhower, D. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jiang, K. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M. L. ; Kagamaster, S. ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, H. W. ; Keane, Declan ; Kechechyan, A. ; Kelsey, M. ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kim, C. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kochenda, L. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kravtsov, P. ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, S. ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Kwasizur, J. H. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Lan, Shaowei ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, A. ; Lednicky, R. ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, P. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, W. J. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lukow, N. S. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Y. G. ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, D. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, J. A. ; Minaev, N. G. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Morozov, D. A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Nayak, K. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nogach, L. V. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A. S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okorokov, Vitaly A. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, J. ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, A. K. ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Parfenov, P. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pinsky, L. ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Ponimatkin, G. ; Porter, J. ; Posik, Matthew ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robotkova, Monika ; Rogachevskiy, O. V. ; Romero, J. L. ; Roy, D. ; Ruan, L. ; Rusnak, J. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sandweiss, J. ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schweid, B. R. ; Seck, F. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Sergeeva, M. ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shahaliev, E. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Sichtermann, E. P. ; Sikora, R. ; Simko, M. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, N. ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Solyst, W. ; Song, Y. ; Sorensen, P. ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. S. ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Strikhanov, M. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Summa, B. ; Sun, X. M. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svirida, D. N. ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Szymanski, P. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Taranenko, A. ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tomkiel, C. A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vasiliev, A. N. ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Vokal, S. ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, P. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Wen, L. ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wieman, Howard ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, X. P. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
We report cumulants of the proton multiplicity distribution from dedicated fixed-target Au+Au collisions at 3.0 GeV, measured by the STAR experiment in the kinematic acceptance of rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (pT) within −0.5<y<0 and 0.4<pT<2.0 GeV/c. In the most central 0--5\% collisions, a proton cumulant ratio is measured to be C4/C2=−0.85±0.09 (stat.)±0.82 (syst.), which is less than unity, the Poisson baseline. The hadronic transport UrQMD model reproduces our C4/C2 in the measured acceptance. Compared to higher energy results and the transport model calculations, the suppression in C4/C2 is consistent with fluctuations driven by baryon number conservation and indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions. These data imply that the QCD critical region, if created in heavy-ion collisions, could only exist at energies higher than 3\,GeV.
Abdallah, Mohamed Samy ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Adkins, J. Kevin ; Agakishiev, G. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Alekseev, I. ; Anderson, D. M. ; Aparin, A. ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Ashraf, M. U. ; Atetalla, F. G. ; Attri, A. ; Averichev, G. S. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Behera, A. ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bordyuzhin, I. G. ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Brandin, A. V. ; Bunzarov, I. ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, F-H. ; Chang, Z. ; Chankova-Bunzarova, N. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chattopadhyay, S. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, X. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Chevalier, M. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Daugherity, M. ; Dedovich, T. G. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Elsey, N. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fawzi, F. M. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Federic, P. ; Fedorisin, J. ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Filip, P. ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Francisco, A. ; Fu, C. ; Fulek, L. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamad, A. I. ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Yiding ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, S. ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Heppelmann, Samuel ; Heppelmann, Steven Francis ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hoffman, E. ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Igo, G. ; Isenhower, D. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jiang, K. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M. L. ; Kagamaster, S. ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, H. W. ; Keane, Declan ; Kechechyan, A. ; Kelsey, M. ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kim, C. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kochenda, L. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kravtsov, P. ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, S. ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Kwasizur, J. H. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Lan, Shaowei ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, A. ; Lednicky, R. ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, P. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, W. J. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lukow, N. S. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Y. G. ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, D. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, J. A. ; Minaev, N. G. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Morozov, D. A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Nayak, K. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nogach, L. V. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A. S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okorokov, Vitaly A. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, J. ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, A. K. ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Parfenov, P. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pinsky, L. ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Ponimatkin, G. ; Porter, J. ; Posik, Matthew ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robotkova, Monika ; Rogachevskiy, O. V. ; Romero, J. L. ; Roy, D. ; Ruan, L. ; Rusnak, J. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sandweiss, J. ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schweid, B. R. ; Seck, F. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Sergeeva, M. ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shahaliev, E. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Sichtermann, E. P. ; Sikora, R. ; Simko, M. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, N. ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Solyst, W. ; Song, Y. ; Sorensen, P. ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. S. ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Strikhanov, M. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Summa, B. ; Sun, X. M. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svirida, D. N. ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Szymanski, P. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Taranenko, A. ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tomkiel, C. A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vasiliev, A. N. ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Vokal, S. ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, P. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Wen, L. ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wieman, Howard ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, X. P. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
We report cumulants of the proton multiplicity distribution from dedicated fixed-target Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 3.0 GeV, measured by the STAR experiment in the kinematic acceptance of rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (pT) within −0.5<y<0 and 0.4<pT<2.0 GeV/c. In the most central 0--5\% collisions, a proton cumulant ratio is measured to be C4/C2=−0.85±0.09 (stat.)±0.82 (syst.), which is less than unity, the Poisson baseline. The hadronic transport UrQMD model reproduces our C4/C2 in the measured acceptance. Compared to higher energy results and the transport model calculations, the suppression in C4/C2 is consistent with fluctuations driven by baryon number conservation and indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions. These data imply that the QCD critical region, if created in heavy-ion collisions, could only exist at energies higher than 3\,GeV.
Abdallah, Mohamed Samy ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Adkins, J. Kevin ; Agakishiev, G. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aitbaev, A. ; Alekseev, I. ; Anderson, D. M. ; Aparin, A. ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Ashraf, M. U. ; Atetalla, F. G. ; Averichev, G. S. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Behera, A. ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bordyuzhin, I. G. ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Brandin, A. V. ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, F-H. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chattopadhyay, S. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, X. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Daugherity, M. ; Dedovich, T. G. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fawzi, F. M. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Francisco, A. ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Yiding ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, S. ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Heppelmann, S. ; Heppelmann, S. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hoffman, E. ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isenhower, D. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jiang, K. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M. L. ; Kagamaster, S. ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, H. W. ; Keane, Declan ; Kechechyan, A. ; Kelsey, M. ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kochenda, L. ; Korobitsin, A. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kravtsov, P. ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, S. ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Kwasizur, J. H. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Lan, Shaowei ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, A. ; Lednicky, R. ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, P. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, W. J. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lu, T. ; Lukow, N. S. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Y. G. ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, D. ; Manukhov, S. L. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, J. A. ; Minaev, N. G. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Morozov, D. A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Nayak, K. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nogach, L. V. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A. S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okorokov, Vitaly A. ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, J. ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, A. K. ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Parfenov, P. ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pinsky, L. S. ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Porter, J. ; Posik, Matthew ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robotkova, Monika ; Rogachevskiy, O. V. ; Romero, J. L. ; Roy, D. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Samigullin, E. ; Sandweiss, J. ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schweid, B. R. ; Seck, F. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shahaliev, E. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Sichtermann, E. P. ; Sikora, R. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, N. ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Solyst, W. ; Song, Y. ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. S. ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Strikhanov, M. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Summa, B. ; Sun, X. M. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svirida, D. N. ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Szymanski, P. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Taranenko, A. ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tomkiel, C. A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vasiliev, A. N. ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Vokal, S. ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, P. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wieman, Howard ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, partonic collectivity is evidenced by the constituent quark number scaling of elliptic flow anisotropy for identified hadrons. A breaking of this scaling and dominance of baryonic interactions is found for identified hadron collective flow measurements in sNN−−−√ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. In this paper, we report measurements of the first-order and second-order azimuthal anisotropic parameters, v1 and v2, of light nuclei (d, t, 3He, 4He) produced in sNN−−−√ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at the STAR experiment. An atomic mass number scaling is found in the measured v1 slopes of light nuclei at mid-rapidity. For the measured v2 magnitude, a strong rapidity dependence is observed. Unlike v2 at higher collision energies, the v2 values at mid-rapidity for all light nuclei are negative and no scaling is observed with the atomic mass number. Calculations by the Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model (JAM), with baryonic mean-field plus nucleon coalescence, are in good agreement with our observations, implying baryonic interactions dominate the collective dynamics in 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC.
Abdallah, Mohamed Samy ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Adkins, J. Kevin ; Agakishiev, G. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aitbaev, A. ; Alekseev, I. ; Anderson, D. M. ; Aparin, A. ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Ashraf, M. U. ; Atetalla, F. G. ; Averichev, G. S. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Behera, A. ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Bordyuzhin, I. G. ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Brandin, A. V. ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, F-H. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chattopadhyay, S. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, X. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Daugherity, M. ; Dedovich, T. G. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fawzi, F. M. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Francisco, A. ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Yiding ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, S. ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Heppelmann, S. ; Heppelmann, S. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Hoffman, E. ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isenhower, D. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jiang, K. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M. L. ; Kagamaster, S. ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, H. W. ; Keane, Declan ; Kechechyan, A. ; Kelsey, M. ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kochenda, L. ; Korobitsin, A. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kravtsov, P. ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, S. ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Kwasizur, J. H. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Lan, Shaowei ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, A. ; Lednicky, R. ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, P. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, W. J. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lu, T. ; Lukow, N. S. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Y. G. ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, D. ; Manukhov, S. L. ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, J. A. ; Minaev, N. G. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Morozov, D. A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Nayak, K. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nogach, L. V. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A. S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okorokov, Vitaly A. ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, J. ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, A. K. ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Parfenov, P. ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pinsky, L. S. ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Porter, J. ; Posik, Matthew ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robotkova, Monika ; Rogachevskiy, O. V. ; Romero, J. L. ; Roy, D. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Samigullin, E. ; Sandweiss, J. ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Schweid, B. R. ; Seck, F. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shahaliev, E. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Sichtermann, E. P. ; Sikora, R. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, N. ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Solyst, W. ; Song, Y. ; Spinka, Harold. M. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. S. ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Strikhanov, M. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Summa, B. ; Sun, X. M. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svirida, D. N. ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Szymanski, P. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Taranenko, A. ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tokarev, Mikhail V. ; Tomkiel, C. A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vasiliev, A. N. ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Vokal, S. ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, P. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wieman, Howard ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, partonic collectivity is evidenced by the constituent quark number scaling of elliptic flow anisotropy for identified hadrons. A breaking of this scaling and dominance of baryonic interactions is found for identified hadron collective flow measurements in sNN−−−√ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions. In this paper, we report measurements of the first- and second-order azimuthal anisotropic parameters, v1 and v2, of light nuclei (d, t, 3He, 4He) produced in sNN−−−√ = 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at the STAR experiment. An atomic mass number scaling is found in the measured v1 slopes of light nuclei at mid-rapidity. For the measured v2 magnitude, a strong rapidity dependence is observed. Unlike v2 at higher collision energies, the v2 values at mid-rapidity for all light nuclei are negative and no scaling is observed with the atomic mass number. Calculations by the Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model (JAM), with baryonic mean-field plus nucleon coalescence, are in good agreement with our observations, implying baryonic interactions dominate the collective dynamics in 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC.
Ibrahim Abdulhamid, Muhammad ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Caroline Aschenauer, Elke ; Aslam, Sameer ; Atchison, J. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhatta, Somadutta ; Bhosale, Sneha ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Broodo, Caleb ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Češka, Jakub ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Cheng, Y. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanad, Mate ; Dale-Gau, Gabriel ; Das, A. ; Martin Deppner, Ingo ; Dhamija, A. ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Lucus Drachenberg, James ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Oleg Eyser, Kjeld ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flor, Fernando Antonio ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Gao, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison-Smith, Hannah ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Holub, Lukaš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Zhong Huang, Huan ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jalotra, Ashish ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jin, C. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Keane, Declan ; Khanal, Aniket ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Garritt Knospe, Anders ; Ko, H. S. ; Krzysztof Kosarzewski, Leszek ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Labonte, Mathias C. ; Alphanso Lacey, Roy ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, D. ; Li, H-S. ; Li, H. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Z. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, C. ; Liu, G. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, L. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Lomicky, O. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. M. ; Lu, T. ; Luo, J. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Manikandhan, Rutik ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; McNamara, Grant ; Mezhanska, O. ; Mi, K. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Nagy, M. I. ; Nain, A. S. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, M. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pal, S. ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pani, Tanmay ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Marian Pluta, Jan ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Posik, Matthew ; Protzman, Tristan ; Prozorova, V. ; Kumar Pruthi, Navneet ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qin, Z. ; Qiu, H. ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Rana, Aditya ; Ray, Robert L. ; Jan Reed, Rosi ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robertson, C. W. ; Robotkova, Monika ; Rosales Aguilar, M. A. ; Roy, D. ; Roy Chowdhury, P. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Ranjan Sahoo, Nihar ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sato, Susumu ; Schaefer, Brennan C. ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Seck, F-J. ; Elizabeth Seger, Janet ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, M. ; Sharma, Natasha ; Sharma, R. ; Sharma, S. R. ; Ikbal Sheikh, Ashik ; Shen, D. ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shen, K. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Si, F. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Song, Y. ; Srivastava, B. ; Shirvel Stanislaus, T. D. ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Su, Y. ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, C. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Tamis, A. C. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Antonina Trzeciak, Barbara ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tsang, C. Y. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Tyler, J. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, J. ; Wang, K. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wielanek, Daniel ; Wieman, Howard ; Wilks, G. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Xiao ; Wu, Xiao ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yan, Z. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, W. ; Zhang, X. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, J. ; Zhou, S. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy s√=510 GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range 0.23≤−t≤0.67 GeV2. We find that a constant slope B does not fit the data in the aforementioned t range, and we obtain a much better fit using a second-order polynomial for B(t). The t dependence of B is determined using six subintervals of t in the STAR measured t range, and is in good agreement with the phenomenological models. The measured elastic differential cross section dσ/dt agrees well with the results obtained at s√=546~GeV for proton--antiproton collisions by the UA4 experiment. We also determine that the integrated elastic cross section within the STAR t-range is σfidel=462.1±0.9(stat.)±1.1(syst.)±11.6(scale) μb.
Abdulhamid, Muhammad Ibrahim ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Aslam, Sameer ; Atchison, J. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhatta, Somadutta ; Bhosale, Sneha ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Broodo, Caleb ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Češka, Jakub ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Cheng, Y. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Dale-Gau, Gabriel ; Das, A. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Dhamija, A. ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flor, Fernando Antonio ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Gao, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Yiding ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison-Smith, Hannah ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jalotra, Ashish ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jin, C. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Keane, Declan ; Khanal, Aniket ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Labonte, Mathias C. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, D. ; Li, H-S. ; Li, H. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Z. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, C. ; Liu, G. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, L. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Lomicky, O. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. M. ; Lu, T. ; Luo, J. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Manikandhan, Rutik ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; McNamara, Grant ; Mezhanska, O. ; Mi, K. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Mrazkova, J. ; Nagy, M. I. ; Nain, A. S. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, M. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pal, S. ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Pani, Tanmay ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Posik, Matthew ; Protzman, Tristan ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qin, Z. ; Qiu, H. ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Rana, Aditya ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Robertson, C. W. ; Robotkova, Monika ; Aguilar, M. A. Rosales ; Roy, D. ; Chowdhury, P. Roy ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sato, Susumu ; Schaefer, Brennan C. ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Seck, F-J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, M. ; Sharma, Natasha ; Sharma, R. ; Sharma, S. R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shen, K. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Si, F. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Song, Y. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Su, Y. ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, C. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svoboda, M. ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Tamis, A. C. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tsang, C. Y. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Tyler, J. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, J. ; Wang, K. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wielanek, Daniel ; Wieman, Howard ; Wilks, G. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Xiao ; Wu, Xiao ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yan, Z. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, W. ; Zhang, X. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, J. ; Zhou, S. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
Ibrahim Abdulhamid, Muhammad ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Caroline Aschenauer, Elke ; Aslam, Sameer ; Atchison, J. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhatta, Somadutta ; Bhosale, Sneha ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Broodo, Caleb ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Češka, Jakub ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Cheng, Y. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanad, Mate ; Dale-Gau, Gabriel ; Das, A. ; Martin Deppner, Ingo ; Dhamija, A. ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Lucus Drachenberg, James ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Oleg Eyser, Kjeld ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flor, Fernando Antonio ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Gao, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison-Smith, Hannah ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Holub, Lukaš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Zhong Huang, Huan ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jalotra, Ashish ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jin, C. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Keane, Declan ; Khanal, Aniket ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Garritt Knospe, Anders ; Ko, H. S. ; Krzysztof Kosarzewski, Leszek ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Labonte, Mathias C. ; Alphanso Lacey, Roy ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, D. ; Li, H-S. ; Li, H. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Z. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, C. ; Liu, G. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, L. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Lomicky, O. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. M. ; Lu, T. ; Luo, J. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Manikandhan, Rutik ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; McNamara, Grant ; Mezhanska, O. ; Mi, K. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Nagy, M. I. ; Nain, A. S. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, M. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pal, S. ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pani, Tanmay ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Marian Pluta, Jan ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Posik, Matthew ; Protzman, Tristan ; Prozorova, V. ; Kumar Pruthi, Navneet ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qin, Z. ; Qiu, H. ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Rana, Aditya ; Ray, Robert L. ; Jan Reed, Rosi ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robertson, C. W. ; Robotkova, Monika ; Rosales Aguilar, M. A. ; Roy, D. ; Roy Chowdhury, P. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Ranjan Sahoo, Nihar ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sato, Susumu ; Schaefer, Brennan C. ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Seck, F-J. ; Elizabeth Seger, Janet ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, M. ; Sharma, Natasha ; Sharma, R. ; Sharma, S. R. ; Ikbal Sheikh, Ashik ; Shen, D. ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shen, K. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Si, F. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Song, Y. ; Srivastava, B. ; Shirvel Stanislaus, T. D. ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Su, Y. ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, C. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Tamis, A. C. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Antonina Trzeciak, Barbara ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tsang, C. Y. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Tyler, J. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, J. ; Wang, K. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wielanek, Daniel ; Wieman, Howard ; Wilks, G. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Xiao ; Wu, Xiao ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yan, Z. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, W. ; Zhang, X. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, J. ; Zhou, S. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy s√=510 GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range 0.23≤−t≤0.67 GeV2. We find that a constant slope B does not fit the data in the aforementioned t range, and we obtain a much better fit using a second-order polynomial for B(t). The t dependence of B is determined using six subintervals of t in the STAR measured t range, and is in good agreement with the phenomenological models. The measured elastic differential cross section dσ/dt agrees well with the results obtained at s√=546 GeV for proton--antiproton collisions by the UA4 experiment. We also determine that the integrated elastic cross section within the STAR t-range is σfidel=462.1±0.9(stat.)±1.1(syst.)±11.6(scale) μb.
Abdulhamid, Muhammad Ibrahim ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Aslam, Sameer ; Atchison, J. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhatta, Somadutta ; Bhosale, Sneha ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Broodo, Caleb ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Češka, Jakub ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Cheng, Y. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Dale-Gau, Gabriel ; Das, A. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Dhamija, A. ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flor, Fernando Antonio ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Gao, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison-Smith, Hannah ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jalotra, Ashish ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jin, C. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Keane, Declan ; Khanal, Aniket ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Labonte, Mathias C. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, D. ; Li, H-S. ; Li, H. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Z. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, C. ; Liu, G. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, L. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Lomicky, O. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. M. ; Lu, T. ; Luo, J. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Manikandhan, Rutik ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; McNamara, Grant ; Mi, K. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Nagy, M. I. ; Nain, A. S. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, M. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pani, Tanmay ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Posik, Matthew ; Protzman, Tristan ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qin, Z. ; Qiu, H. ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Rana, Aditya ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robertson, C. W. ; Robotkova, Monika ; Aguilar, M. A. Rosales ; Roy, D. ; Chowdhury, P. Roy ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sato, Susumu ; Schaefer, Brennan C. ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Seck, F-J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, M. ; Sharma, Natasha ; Sharma, R. ; Sharma, S. R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shen, K. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Si, F. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Song, Y. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Su, Y. ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, C. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Tamis, A. C. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tsang, C. Y. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Tyler, J. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, J. ; Wang, K. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wielanek, Daniel ; Wieman, Howard ; Wilks, G. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Xiao ; Wu, Xiao ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yan, Z. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, W. ; Zhang, X. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, J. ; Zhou, S. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
We measure triangular flow relative to the reaction plane at 3 GeV center-of-mass energy in Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A significant v3 signal for protons is observed, which increases for higher rapidity, higher transverse momentum, and more peripheral collisions. The triangular flow is essentially rapidity-odd with a slope at mid-rapidity, dv3/dy|(y=0), opposite in sign compared to the slope for directed flow. No significant v3 signal is observed for charged pions and kaons. Comparisons with models suggest that a mean field potential is required to describe these results, and that the triangular shape of the participant nucleons is the result of stopping and nuclear geometry.
Abdulhamid, Muhammad Ibrahim ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Aslam, Sameer ; Atchison, J. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhatta, Somadutta ; Bhosale, Sneha ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Broodo, Caleb ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Češka, Jakub ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Cheng, Y. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Dale-Gau, Gabriel ; Das, A. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Dhamija, A. ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flor, Fernando Antonio ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Gao, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison-Smith, Hannah ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jalotra, Ashish ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jin, C. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Keane, Declan ; Khanal, Aniket ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Labonte, Mathias C. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, D. ; Li, H-S. ; Li, H. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Z. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, C. ; Liu, G. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, L. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Lomicky, O. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. M. ; Lu, T. ; Luo, J. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Manikandhan, Rutik ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; McNamara, Grant ; Mezhanska, O. ; Mi, K. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Nagy, M. I. ; Nain, A. S. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, M. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pal, S. ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pani, Tanmay ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Posik, Matthew ; Protzman, Tristan ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qin, Z. ; Qiu, H. ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Rana, Aditya ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robertson, C. W. ; Robotkova, Monika ; Aguilar, M. A. Rosales ; Roy, D. ; Chowdhury, P. Roy ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sato, Susumu ; Schaefer, Brennan C. ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Seck, F-J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, M. ; Sharma, Natasha ; Sharma, R. ; Sharma, S. R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shen, K. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Si, F. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Song, Y. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Su, Y. ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, C. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Tamis, A. C. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tsang, C. Y. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Tyler, J. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, J. ; Wang, K. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wielanek, Daniel ; Wieman, Howard ; Wilks, G. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Xiao ; Wu, Xiao ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yan, Z. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, W. ; Zhang, X. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, J. ; Zhou, S. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy s√=510 GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range 0.23≤−t≤0.67 GeV2. We find that a constant slope B does not fit the data in the aforementioned t range, and we obtain a much better fit using a second-order polynomial for B(t). The t dependence of B is determined using six subintervals of t in the STAR measured t range, and is in good agreement with the phenomenological models. The measured elastic differential cross section dσ/dt agrees well with the results obtained at s√=546 GeV for proton--antiproton collisions by the UA4 experiment. We also determine that the integrated elastic cross section within the STAR t-range is σfidel=462.1±0.9(stat.)±1.1(syst.)±11.6(scale) μb.
Abdulhamid, Muhammad Ibrahim ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Aslam, Sameer ; Atchison, J. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhatta, Somadutta ; Bhosale, Sneha ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Broodo, Caleb ; Cai, Xiang-Zhou ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Češka, Jakub ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B. K. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J. H. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Cheng, Y. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, X. ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Dale-Gau, G. ; Das, A. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Dhamija, A. ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C. J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flor, Fernando Antonio ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Gao, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison-Smith, Hannah ; He, W. ; He, X. H. ; He, Y. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jalotra, Ashish ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jin, C. ; Ju, X. ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Keane, Declan ; Khanal, Aniket ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H. S. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Labonte, Mathias C. ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lee, J. H. ; Leung, Y. H. ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, D. ; Li, H-S. ; Li, H. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Z. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, C. ; Liu, G. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, L. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Lomicky, O. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. M. ; Lu, T. ; Luo, J. ; Luo, X. F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Manikandhan, Rutik ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; McNamara, Grant ; Mezhanska, O. ; Mi, K. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Nagy, M. I. ; Nain, A. S. ; Nam, J. D. ; Nasim, M. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pal, S. ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pani, T. ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B. R. ; Posik, Matthew ; Protzman, Tristan ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qin, Z. ; Qiu, H. ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Rana, Aditya ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robertson, C. W. ; Robotkova, Monika ; Aguilar, M. A. Rosales ; Roy, D. ; Chowdhury, P. Roy ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, A. K. ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sato, Susumu ; Schaefer, Brennan C. ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Seck, F-J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, T. ; Sharma, M. ; Sharma, Natasha ; Sharma, R. ; Sharma, S. R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. ; Shen, D. Y. ; Shen, K. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q. Y. ; Si, F. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Song, Y. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Su, Y. ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, C. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Sweger, Zachary W. ; Tamis, A. C. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Z. ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tripathy, Srikanta Kumar ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tsang, C. Y. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Tyler, J. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J. S. ; Wang, J. ; Wang, K. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wielanek, Daniel ; Wieman, Howard ; Wilks, G. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Xiao ; Wu, Xiao ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z. G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Q. H. ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yan, Z. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, W. ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, D. ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, W. ; Zhang, X. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z. J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, J. ; Zhou, S. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
We report the first measurements of cumulants, up to 4th order, of deuteron number distributions and proton-deuteron correlations in Au+Au collisions recorded by the STAR experiment in phase-I of Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Deuteron cumulants, their ratios, and proton-deuteron mixed cumulants are presented for different collision centralities covering a range of center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN−−−−√~=~7.7 to 200~GeV. It is found that the cumulant ratios at lower collision energies favor a canonical ensemble over a grand canonical ensemble in thermal models. An anti-correlation between proton and deuteron multiplicity is observed across all collision energies and centralities, consistent with the expectation from global baryon number conservation. The UrQMD model coupled with a phase-space coalescence mechanism qualitatively reproduces the collision-energy dependence of cumulant ratios and proton-deuteron correlations.
Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Anderson, Derek M. ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Atchison, J. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhatta, Somadutta ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Cai, X.Z. ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Češka, Jakub ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B.K. ; Chang, Z. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J.H. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Cheng, Y. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Dale-Gau, Gabriel ; Das, A. ; Daugherity, M. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C.J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flor, Fernando Antonio ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Yu ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isenhower, D. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jalotra, Ashish ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jin, C. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M.L. ; Kagamaster, Skipper ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, Hongwei ; Keane, Declan ; Kelsey, Matthew ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H.S. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, Shyam ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lee, J.H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Z. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, C. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, L. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; Lomicky, O. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lu, T. ; Lukow, N.S. ; Luo, X.F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; McNamara, Grant ; Mi, K. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M.I. ; Nain, A.S. ; Nam, J.D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A.S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, Jinjin ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Pani, Tanmay ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B.R. ; Posik, Matthew ; Protzman, Tristan ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qin, Z. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robertson, C.W. ; Robotkova, Monika ; Rosales Aguilar, M.A. ; Roy, D. ; Roy Chowdhury, P. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Seck, F.-J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, M. ; Sharma, Natasha ; Sharma, R. ; Sharma, S.R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D.Y. ; Shen, K. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q.Y. ; Si, F. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Song, Y. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Su, Y. ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, C. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Sweger, Z.W. ; Szymański, Paweł ; Tamis, A. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tomkiel, C.A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tsang, C.Y. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J.S. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wielanek, Daniel ; Wieman, Howard ; Wilks, G. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Xiao ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z.G. ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yan, Z. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, X. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z.J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, J. ; Zhou, S. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
A decisive experimental test of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) is considered one of the major scientific goals at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) towards understanding the nontrivial topological fluctuations of the Quantum Chromodynamics vacuum. In heavy-ion collisions, the CME is expected to result in a charge separation phenomenon across the reaction plane, whose strength could be strongly energy dependent. The previous CME searches have been focused on top RHIC energy collisions. In this Letter, we present a low energy search for the CME in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√=27 GeV. We measure elliptic flow scaled charge-dependent correlators relative to the event planes that are defined at both mid-rapidity |η|<1.0 and at forward rapidity 2.1<|η|<5.1. We compare the results based on the directed flow plane (Ψ1) at forward rapidity and the elliptic flow plane (Ψ2) at both central and forward rapidity. The CME scenario is expected to result in a larger correlation relative to Ψ1 than to Ψ2, while a flow driven background scenario would lead to a consistent result for both event planes. In 10-50\% centrality, results using three different event planes are found to be consistent within experimental uncertainties, suggesting a flow driven background scenario dominating the measurement. We obtain an upper limit on the deviation from a flow driven background scenario at the 95\% confidence level. This work opens up a possible road map towards future CME search with the high statistics data from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Phase-II.
Elliptic flow of heavy-flavor decay electrons in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 27 and 54.4 GeV at RHIC
(2023)
Abdulhamid, Muhammad Ibrahim ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Anderson, Derek M. ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Aslam, Sameer ; Atchison, J. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhatta, Somadutta ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Cai, X.Z. ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Češka, Jakub ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B.K. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J.H. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Cheng, Y. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Dale-Gau, Gabriel ; Das, A. ; Daugherity, M. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C.J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flor, Fernando Antonio ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison-Smith, Hannah ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isenhower, D. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jalotra, Ashish ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jin, C. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M.L. ; Kagamaster, Skipper ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Keane, Declan ; Kelsey, Matthew ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H.S. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, Shyam ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lee, J.H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Z. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, C. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, G. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, L. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; Lomicky, O. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E.M. ; Lu, T. ; Lukow, N.S. ; Luo, X.F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; McNamara, Grant ; Mi, K. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M.I. ; Nain, A.S. ; Nam, J.D. ; Nasim, M. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, Jinjin ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Pani, Tanmay ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B.R. ; Posik, Matthew ; Protzman, Tristan ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qin, Z. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robertson, C.W. ; Robotkova, Monika ; Rosales Aguilar, M.A. ; Roy, D. ; Roy Chowdhury, P. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Seck, F.-J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, M. ; Sharma, Natasha ; Sharma, R. ; Sharma, S.R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D.Y. ; Shen, K. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q.Y. ; Si, F. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Song, Y. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Su, Y. ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, C. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Sweger, Z.W. ; Szymański, Paweł ; Tamis, A. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tomkiel, C.A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tsang, C.Y. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Tyler, J. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J.S. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wielanek, Daniel ; Wieman, Howard ; Wilks, G. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Xiao ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z.G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yan, Z. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, W. ; Zhang, X. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z.J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, J. ; Zhou, S. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
We report on new measurements of elliptic flow (v2) of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.8) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 27 and 54.4 GeV from the STAR experiment. Heavy-flavor decay electrons (eHF) in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 54.4 GeV exhibit a non-zero v2 in the transverse momentum (pT) region of pT< 2 GeV/c with the magnitude comparable to that at sNN−−−√=200 GeV. The measured eHF v2 at 54.4 GeV is also consistent with the expectation of their parent charm hadron v2 following number-of-constituent-quark scaling as other light and strange flavor hadrons at this energy. These suggest that charm quarks gain significant collectivity through the evolution of the QCD medium and may reach local thermal equilibrium in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√=54.4 GeV. The measured eHF v2 in Au+Au collisions at sNN−−−√= 27 GeV is consistent with zero within large uncertainties. The energy dependence of v2 for different flavor particles (π,ϕ,D0/eHF) shows an indication of quark mass hierarchy in reaching thermalization in high-energy nuclear collisions.
Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Agakishiev, Geydar ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Aitbaev, A. ; Alekseev, Igor G. ; Anderson, Derek M. ; Aparin, Alexey ; Atchison, J. ; Averichev, Georgy S. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhatta, Somadutta ; Bordyuzhin, Igor G. ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Brandin, Andrei V. ; Cai, X.Z. ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Češka, Jakub ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chan, B.K. ; Chang, Z. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J.H. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Cheng, Y. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Dale-Gau, Gabriel ; Das, A. ; Daugherity, M. ; Dedovič, Tatiana G. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Derevschikov, Anatoly A. ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Didenko, Lidia ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C.J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flor, Fernando Antonio ; Fu, C. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison, Hannah ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isenhower, D. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jalotra, Ashish ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jin, C. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M.L. ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Ke, Hongwei ; Keane, Declan ; Kechechyan, Armen ; Kelsey, Matthew ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H.S. ; Kočenda, L. M. ; Korobitsin, A.A. ; Kravtsov, Peter ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, Shyam ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lednicky, Richard ; Lee, J.H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Z. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Lin, T. ; Liu, C. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, L. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; Lomicky, O. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E. ; Lu, T. ; Lukow, N.S. ; Luo, X.F. ; Luong, V.B. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; McNamara, Grant ; Mi, K. ; Minaev, Nikolai G. ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Morozov, Dmitry A. ; Mudrokh, A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M.I. ; Nain, A.S. ; Nam, J.D. ; Nasim, Md. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nogach, Larisa V. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Nunes, A.S. ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okorokov, Vitaly A. ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, Jinjin ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Panebratsev, Yuri ; Pani, Tanmay ; Parfenov, P. ; Paul, A. ; Perkins, Chris ; Pokhrel, B.R. ; Posik, Matthew ; Protzman, Tristan ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qin, Z. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robertson, C.W. ; Rogachevsky, O.V. ; Rosales Aguilar, M.A. ; Roy, D. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Samigullin, E. ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shahaliev, Ehtiram ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, M. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, M. ; Sharma, Natasha ; Sharma, R. ; Sharma, S.R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D.Y. ; Shen, K. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q.Y. ; Si, F. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Song, Y. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stewart, David J. ; Strichanov, Michail Nikolaevič ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Su, Y. ; Sun, C. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Svirida, Dmitry N. ; Sweger, Z.W. ; Tamis, A. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Taranenko, Arkadiy ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tokarev, M.V. ; Tomkiel, C.A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tsang, C.Y. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vasiliev, Alexander Nikolaevich ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Vokal, Stanislav ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J.S. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wieman, Howard ; Wilks, G. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Xiao ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z.G. ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yan, Z. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, X. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z.J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, J. ; Zhou, S. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
The linear and mode-coupled contributions to higher-order anisotropic flow are presented for Au+Au collisions at √sN N = 27, 39, 54.4, and 200 GeV and compared to similar measurements for Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The coefficients and the flow harmonics’ correlations, which characterize the linear and mode-coupled response to the lower-order anisotropies, indicate a beam energy dependence consistent with an influence from the specific shear viscosity (η/s). In contrast, the dimensionless coefficients, mode-coupled response coefficients, and normalized symmetric cumulants are approximately beam-energy independent, consistent with a significant role from initialstate effects. These measurements could provide unique supplemental constraints to (i) distinguish between different initial-state models and (ii) delineate the temperature (T ) and baryon chemical potential (μB ) dependence of the specific shear viscosity η s (T ,μB ).
Abdulhamid, Muhammad Ibrahim ; Aboona, Bassam ; Adam, Jaroslav ; Adamczyk, Leszek ; Adams, Joseph R. ; Aggarwal, Ishu ; Aggarwal, Madan Mohan ; Ahammed, Zubayer ; Anderson, Derek M. ; Aschenauer, Elke Caroline ; Aslam, Sameer ; Atchison, J. ; Bairathi, Vipul ; Baker, W. ; Ball Cap, Jonathan Gonzalo ; Barish, Kenneth ; Bellwied, Rene ; Bhagat, Pratibha ; Bhasin, Anju ; Bhatta, Somadutta ; Bielčík, Jaroslav ; Bielčíková, Jana ; Brandenburg, James D. ; Cai, X.Z. ; Caines, Helen Louise ; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, Manuel ; Cebra, Daniel A. ; Češka, Jakub ; Chakaberia, Irakli ; Chaloupka, Petr ; Chan, B.K. ; Chang, Z. ; Chatterjee, A. ; Chen, D. ; Chen, J. ; Chen, J.H. ; Chen, Z. ; Cheng, J. ; Cheng, Y. ; Choudhury, Subikash ; Christie, William ; Chu, Xiaoxuan ; Crawford, Henry J. ; Csanád, Máté ; Dale-Gau, Gabriel ; Das, A. ; Daugherity, M. ; Deppner, Ingo Martin ; Dhamija, A. ; Di Carlo, L. ; Dixit, Prabhupada ; Dong, X. ; Drachenberg, James Lucus ; Duckworth, Emilie ; Dunlop, James C. ; Engelage, Jon M. ; Eppley, Geary Wareham ; Esumi, ShinIchi ; Evdokimov, Olga Y. ; Ewigleben, A. ; Eyser, Kjeld Oleg ; Fatemi, Renee H. ; Fazio, Salvatore ; Feng, C.J. ; Feng, Yicheng ; Finch, Evan ; Fisyak, Yuri V. ; Flor, Fernando Antonio ; Fu, C. ; Gagliardi, Carl A. ; Galatyuk, Tetyana ; Gao, T. ; Geurts, Frank ; Ghimire, Navagyan ; Gibson, Adam ; Gopal, Krishan ; Gou, X. ; Grosnick, David P. ; Gupta, Anik ; Guryn, Włodzimierz ; Hamed, Ahmed M. ; Han, Y. ; Harabasz, Szymon ; Harasty, Matthew D. ; Harris, John W. ; Harrison-Smith, Hannah ; He, W. ; He, Xionghong ; He, Y. ; Herrmann, Norbert ; Holub, Lukáš ; Hu, C. ; Hu, Q. ; Hu, Y. ; Huang, H. ; Huang, Huan Zhong ; Huang, Shengli ; Huang, T. ; Huang, X. ; Huang, Y. ; Huang, Y. ; Humanic, Thomas J. ; Isenhower, D. ; Isshiki, M. ; Jacobs, William W. ; Jalotra, Ashish ; Jena, Chitrasen ; Jentsch, Alexander ; Ji, Yuanjing ; Jia, Jiangyong ; Jin, C. ; Ju, Xin-Yue ; Judd, Eleanor G. ; Kabana, Sonia ; Kabir, M.L. ; Kagamaster, Skipper ; Kalinkin, Dmitry ; Kang, K. ; Kapukchyan, David ; Kauder, Kolja ; Keane, Declan ; Kelsey, Matthew ; Khyzhniak, Yevheniia V. ; Kikoła, Daniel P. ; Kimelman, B. ; Kincses, D. ; Kisel, Ivan ; Kiselev, A. ; Knospe, Anders Garritt ; Ko, H.S. ; Kosarzewski, Leszek Krzysztof ; Kramarik, L. ; Kumar, Lokesh ; Kumar, Shyam ; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Raghav ; Lacey, Roy Alphanso ; Landgraf, Jeffery M. ; Lauret, Jerome ; Lebedev, Alexei ; Lee, J.H. ; Leung, Yue Hang ; Lewis, N. ; Li, C. ; Li, W. ; Li, X. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Y. ; Li, Z. ; Li, Z. ; Liang, X. ; Liang, Y. ; Licenik, Robert ; Lin, T. ; Lin, Y. ; Lisa, Michael A. ; Liu, C. ; Liu, F. ; Liu, G. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, H. ; Liu, L. ; Liu, T. ; Liu, X. ; Liu, Y. ; Liu, Z. ; Ljubicic, Tonko A. ; Llope, William Joseph ; Lomicky, O. ; Longacre, Ronald S. ; Loyd, E.M. ; Lu, T. ; Lukow, N.S. ; Luo, X.F. ; Ma, L. ; Ma, R. ; Ma, Yu-Gang ; Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman, Niseem ; Mallick, Dukhishyam ; Margetis, Spyridon ; Markert, Christina ; Matis, Howard S. ; Mazer, Joel Anthony ; McNamara, Grant ; Mi, K. ; Mioduszewski, Saskia ; Mohanty, Bedangadas ; Mouli, Mriganka Mouli ; Mooney, Isaac A. ; Mukherjee, A. ; Nagy, M.I. ; Nain, A.S. ; Nam, J.D. ; Nasim, M. ; Neff, D. ; Nelson, John M. ; Nemes, Daniel B. ; Nie, M. ; Nigmatkulov, Grigory A. ; Niida, Takafumi ; Nishitani, R. ; Nonaka, Toshihiro ; Odyniec, Grazyna Janina ; Ogawa, Akio ; Oh, Saehanseul ; Okubo, K. ; Page, Brian S. ; Pak, Robert ; Pan, Jinjin ; Pandav, Ashish ; Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar ; Pani, Tanmay ; Paul, A. ; Pawlik, Bogdan ; Pawłowska, Diana ; Perkins, Chris ; Pluta, Jan Marian ; Pokhrel, B.R. ; Posik, Matthew ; Protzman, Tristan ; Prozorova, V. ; Pruthi, Navneet Kumar ; Przybycien, Mariusz ; Putschke, Jörn H. ; Qin, Z. ; Qiu, H. ; Quintero, Amilkar ; Racz, Cameron ; Radhakrishnan, Sooraj Krishnan ; Raha, N. ; Ray, Robert L. ; Reed, Rosi Jan ; Ritter, Hans Georg ; Robertson, C.W. ; Robotkova, Monika ; Rosales Aguilar, M.A. ; Roy, D. ; Roy Chowdhury, P. ; Ruan, L. ; Sahoo, Aswini Kumar ; Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan ; Sako, H. ; Salur, Sevil ; Sato, Susumu ; Schmidke, William B. ; Schmitz, Norbert ; Seck, F.-J. ; Seger, Janet Elizabeth ; Seto, Richard ; Seyboth, Peter ; Shah, N. ; Shanmuganathan, Prashanth V. ; Shao, Tianhao ; Sharma, M. ; Sharma, Natasha ; Sharma, R. ; Sharma, S.R. ; Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal ; Shen, D. ; Shen, D.Y. ; Shen, K. ; Shi, Shusu ; Shi, Y. ; Shou, Q.Y. ; Si, F. ; Singh, J. ; Singha, Subhash ; Sinha, P. ; Skoby, Michael J. ; Smirnov, Nikolai ; Söhngen, Yannick ; Song, Y. ; Srivastava, B. ; Stanislaus, T. D. Shirvel ; Stefaniak, Maria ; Stewart, David J. ; Stringfellow, Blair ; Su, Y. ; Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo ; Šumbera, Michal ; Sun, C. ; Sun, X. ; Sun, Y. ; Sun, Y. ; Surrow, Bernd ; Sweger, Z.W. ; Szymański, Paweł ; Tamis, A. ; Tang, Aihong ; Tang, Zebo ; Tarnowsky, Terence J. ; Thomas, James H. ; Timmins, Anthony Robert ; Tlusty, David ; Todoroki, Takahito ; Tomkiel, C.A. ; Trentalange, Stephen ; Tribble, Robert E. ; Tribedy, Prithwish ; Truhlar, Tomas ; Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina ; Tsai, Oleg D. ; Tsang, C.Y. ; Tu, Zhoudunming ; Tyler, J. ; Ullrich, Thomas ; Underwood, David G. ; Upsal, Isaac ; Van Buren, Gene ; Vanek, Jan ; Vassiliev, Iouri ; Verkest, Veronica ; Videbæk, Flemming ; Voloshin, Sergei ; Wang, F. ; Wang, G. ; Wang, J.S. ; Wang, J. ; Wang, X. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Y. ; Wang, Z. ; Webb, Jason C. ; Weidenkaff, Philipp ; Westfall, Gary D. ; Wielanek, Daniel ; Wieman, Howard ; Wilks, G. ; Wissink, Scott W. ; Witt, Richard ; Wu, J. ; Wu, J. ; Wu, Xiao ; Wu, Xiao ; Wu, Y. ; Wu, Y. ; Xi, B. ; Xiao, Z.G. ; Xie, Guannan ; Xie, W. ; Xu, H. ; Xu, N. ; Xu, Qinghua ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Y. ; Xu, Z. ; Xu, Z. ; Yan, G. ; Yan, Z. ; Yang, C. ; Yang, Q. ; Yang, S. ; Yang, Y. ; Ye, Z. ; Ye, Z. ; Yi, L. ; Yip, K. ; Yu, Y. ; Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina ; Zha, Wangmei ; Zhang, C. ; Zhang, Dingwei ; Zhang, J. ; Zhang, S. ; Zhang, W. ; Zhang, X. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Y. ; Zhang, Z.J. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhang, Z. ; Zhao, F. ; Zhao, J. ; Zhao, M. ; Zhou, C. ; Zhou, J. ; Zhou, S. ; Zhou, Y. ; Zhu, X. ; Żurek, Maria Katarzyna ; Zyzak, Maksym
Density fluctuations near the QCD critical point can be probed via an intermittency analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We report the first measurement of intermittency in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 7.7-200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The scaled factorial moments of identified charged hadrons are analyzed at mid-rapidity and within the transverse momentum phase space. We observe a power-law behavior of scaled factorial moments in Au+Au collisions and a decrease in the extracted scaling exponent (ν) from peripheral to central collisions. The ν is consistent with a constant for different collisions energies in the mid-central (10-40%) collisions. Moreover, the ν in the 0-5% most central Au+Au collisions exhibits a non-monotonic energy dependence that reaches a minimum around √sNN = 27 GeV. The physics implications on the QCD phase structure are discussed.