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Koromina, Maria ; Ravi, Ashvin ; Panagiotaropoulou, Georgia ; Schilder, Brian M. ; Humphrey, Jack ; Braun, Alice ; Bidgeli, Tim ; Chatzinakos, Chris ; Coombes, Brandon ; Kim, Jaeyoung ; Liu, Xiaoxi ; Terao, Chikashi ; O'Connell, Kevin S. ; Adams, Mark ; Adolfsson, Rolf ; Alda, Martin ; Alfredsson, Lars ; Andlauer, Till ; Andreassen, Ole A. ; Antoniou, Anastasia ; Baune, Bernhard T. ; Bengesser, Susanne ; Biernacka, Joanna ; Boehnke, Michael ; Bosch, Rosa ; Cairns, Murray ; Carr, Vaughan J. ; Casas Brugué, Miquel ; Catts, Stanley ; Cichon, Sven ; Corvin, Aiden ; Craddock, Nicholas ; Dafnas, Konstantinos ; Dalkner, Nina ; Dannlowski, Udo ; Degenhardt, Franziska ; Di Florio, Arianna ; Dikeos, Dimitris ; Fellendorf, Frederike Tabea ; Ferentinos, Panagiotis ; Forstner, Andreas Josef ; Forty, Liz ; Frye, Mark ; Fullerton, Janice M. ; Gawlik, Micha ; Gizer, Ian R. ; Gordon-Smith, Katherine ; Green, Melissa J. ; Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria ; Guzman-Parra, José ; Hahn, Tim ; Henskens, Frans ; Hillert, Jan ; Jablensky, Assen V. ; Jones, Lisa ; Jones, Ian ; Jonsson, Lina ; Kelsoe, John R. ; Kircher, Tilo ; Kirov, George ; Kittel-Schneider, Sarah ; Kogevinas, Manolis ; Landén, Mikael ; Leboyer, Marion ; Lenger, Melanie ; Lissowska, Jolanta ; Lochner, Christine ; Loughland, Carmel ; MacIntyre, Donald ; Martin, Nicholas G. ; Maratou, Eirini ; Mathews, Carol A. ; Mayoral, Fermı́n ; McElroy, Susan L. ; McGregor, Nathaniel W. ; McIntosh, Andrew M. ; McQuillin, Andrew ; Michie, Patricia ; Milanova, Vihra ; Mitchell, Philip B. ; Moutsatsou, Paraskevi ; Mowry, Bryan ; Müller-Myhsok, Bertram ; Myers, Richard M. ; Nenadić, Igor ; Nöthen, Markus Maria ; O'Donovan, Claire ; O'Donovan, Michael ; Ophoff, Roel André ; Owen, Michael J. ; Pantelis, Christos ; Pato, Carlos ; Pato, Michele T. ; Patrinos, George P. ; Pawlak, Joanna M. ; Perlis, Roy H. ; Porichi, Evgenia ; Posthuma, Danielle ; Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni ; Reif, Andreas ; Reininghaus, Eva Z. ; Ribasés, Marta ; Rietschel, Marcella ; Schall, Ulrich ; Schulze, Thomas Gerd ; Scott, Laura J. ; Scott, Rodney J. ; Serretti, Alessandro ; Shannon Weickert, Cynthia ; Smoller, Jordan W. ; Soler Artigas, Marı́a ; Stein, Dan J. ; Streit, Fabian ; Toma, Claudio ; Tooney, Paul ; Vieta, Eduard ; Vincent, John B. ; Waldman, Irwin D. ; Weickert, Thomas ; Witt, Stephanie H. ; Hong, Kyung Sue ; Ikeda, Masashi ; Iwata, Nakao ; Świątkowska, Beata ; Won, Hong-Hee ; Edenberg, Howard J. ; Ripke, Stephan ; Raj, Towfique ; Coleman, Jonathan R. I. ; Mullins, Niamh
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. While the largest published genome-wide association study identified 64 BD risk loci, the causal SNPs and genes within these loci remain unknown. We applied a suite of statistical and functional fine-mapping methods to these loci, and prioritized 22 likely causal SNPs for BD. We mapped these SNPs to genes, and investigated their likely functional consequences by integrating variant annotations, brain cell-type epigenomic annotations, brain quantitative trait loci, and results from rare variant exome sequencing in BD. Convergent lines of evidence supported the roles of SCN2A, TRANK1, DCLK3, INSYN2B, SYNE1, THSD7A, CACNA1B, TUBBP5, PLCB3, PRDX5, KCNK4, AP001453.3, TRPT1, FKBP2, DNAJC4, RASGRP1, FURIN, FES, YWHAE, DPH1, GSDMB, MED24, THRA, EEF1A2, and KCNQ2 in BD. These represent promising candidates for functional experiments to understand biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Additionally, we demonstrated that fine-mapping effect sizes can improve performance and transferability of BD polygenic risk scores across ancestrally diverse populations, and present a high-throughput fine-mapping pipeline (https://github.com/mkoromina/SAFFARI).
Mapping cortical brain asymmetry in 17,141 healthy individuals worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium
(2017)
Kong, Xiang-Zhen ; Mathias, Samuel R. ; Guadalupe, Tulio ; Abé, Christoph ; Agartz, Ingrid ; Akudjedu, Theophilus N. ; Andre, Aleman ; Saud, Alhusaini ; Allen, Nicholas B. ; Ames, David ; Andreassen, Ole A. ; Arias Vásquez, Alejandro ; Armstrong, Nicola J. ; Bergo, Felipe ; Bastin, Mark E. ; Batalla, Albert ; Bauer, Jochen ; Baune, Bernhard T. ; Baur, Ramona ; Biederman, Joseph ; Blaine, Sara K. ; Boedhoe, Premika ; Bøen, Erlend ; Bose, Anushree ; Bralten, Janita ; Brandeis, Daniel ; Brem, Silvia ; Brodaty, Henry ; Bröhl, Henrieke ; Brooks, Samantha J. ; Buitelaar, Jan K. ; Bürger, Christian ; Bülow, Robin ; Calhoun, Vince D. ; Calvo, Anna ; Canales-Rodrı́guez, Erick Jorge ; Canive, Jose M. ; Cannon, Dara M. ; Caparelli, Elisabeth C. ; Castellanos, Francisco X. ; Cavalleri, Gianpiero L. ; Cendes, Fernando ; Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany Moukbel ; Chantiluke, Kaylita ; Chen, Qun-lin ; Chen, Xiayu ; Cheng, Yuqi ; Christakou, Anastasia ; Clark, Vincent P. ; Coghill, David ; Connolly, Colm G. ; Conzelmann, Annette ; Cόrdova-Palomera, Aldo ; Cousijn, Janna ; Crow, Tim ; Cubillo, Ana ; Dannlowski, Udo ; de Bruttopilo, Sara Ambrosino ; Zeeuw, Patrick de ; Deary, Ian J. ; Delanty, Norman ; Demeter, Damion V. ; Di Martino, Adriana ; Dickie, Erin W ; Dietsche, Bruno ; Doan, N. Trung ; Doherty, Colin P. ; Doyle, Alysa ; Durston, Sarah ; Earl, Eric ; Ehrlich, Stefan ; Ekman, Carl Johan ; Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn ; Epstein, Jeffery N. ; Fair, Damien A. ; Faraone, Stephen V. ; Fatouros-Bergman, Helena ; Fernndez, Guillen ; Busatto Filho, Geraldo ; Flyckt, Lena ; Forster, Katharina ; Jean-Paul, Fouche ; Foxe, John J. ; Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola ; Fullerton, Janice M. ; Garavan, Hugh ; Garcia, Danielle do Santos ; Gotlib, Ian H. ; Goudriaan, Anna E. ; Grabe, Hans Jörgen ; Groenewold, Nynke A. ; Grotegerd, Dominik ; Gruber, Oliver ; Gurholt, Tiril ; Haavik, Jan ; Hahn, Tim ; Hansell, Narelle K. ; Harris, Mathew A. ; Hartman, Catharina ; Hernandez, Maria del Carmen Valdes ; Heslenfeld, Dirk ; Hester, Robert ; Hibar, Derrek Paul ; Ho, Beng-Choon ; Ho, Tiffany C. ; Hoekstra, Pieter J. ; van Holst, Ruth J. ; Hoogman, Martine ; Hovik, Marie F. ; Howells, Fleur M. ; Hugdahl, Kenneth ; Huyser, Chaim ; Ingvar, Martind ; Irwin, Lourdes ; Ishikawa, Akari ; James, Anthony ; Jahanshad, Neda ; Jernigan, Terry L. ; Jönsson, Erik G. ; Kahler, Claas ; Kaleda, Vasily ; Kelly, Clare ; Kerich, Michael ; Keshavan, Matcheri S ; Khadka, Sabin ; Kircher, Tilo ; Kohls, Gregor ; Konrad, Kerstin ; Korucuoglu, Ozlem ; Krämer, Bernd ; Krug, Axel ; Kwon, Jun Soo ; Lambregts-Rommelse, Nanda ; Landén, Mikael ; Lázaro, Luisa ; Lebedeva, Irina ; Lenroot, Rhoshel ; Lesch, Klaus-Peter J. ; Li, Qinqin ; Lim, Kelvin O. ; Liu, Jia ; Lochner, Christine ; London, Edythe D. ; Lonning, Vera ; Lorenzetti, Valentina ; Luciano, Michelle ; Luijten, Maartje ; Lundervold, Astri J. ; Mackey, Scott ; MacMaster, Frank P. ; Maingault, Sophie ; Malpas, Charles B. ; Malt, Ulrik F. ; Mataix-Cols, David ; Martin-Santos, Rocio ; Mayer, Andrew R. ; McCarthy, Hazel ; Mitchell, Philip B. ; Mueller, Bryon A. ; Maniega, Susana Munoz ; Mazoyer, Bernard ; McDonald, Colm ; McLellan, Quinn ; McMahon, Katie L. ; McPhilemy, Genevieve ; Momenan, Reza ; Morales, Angelica M. ; Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C. ; Moreira, José Carlos Vasques ; Nerland, Stener ; Nestor, Liam ; Nigg, Joel T. ; Nordvik, Jan-Egil ; Novotny, Stephanie ; Oberwelland, Eileen ; O’Gorman, Ruth L. ; Oosterlaan, Jaap ; Oranje, Bob ; Orr, Catherine ; Overs, Bronwyn ; Pauli, Paul ; Paulus, Martin ; Plessen, Kerstin ; Polier, Georg von ; Pomarol-Clotet, Edith ; Qiu, Jiang ; Radua, Joaquim ; Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni ; Reddy, Y.C. Janardhan ; Reif, Andreas ; Roberts, Gloria ; Rosa, Pedro ; Rubia, Katya ; Sacchet, Matthew D. ; Sachdev, Perminder S. ; Salvador, Raymond ; Schmaal, Lianne ; Schweren, Lisanne ; Seidman, Larry J. ; Seitz, Jochen ; Serpa, Mauricio Henriques ; Shaw, Philip ; Shumskaya, Elena ; Silk, Timothy J. ; Simmons, Alan N. ; Simulionyte, Egle ; Sinha, Rajita ; Sjoerds, Zsuzsika ; Smelror, Runar Elle ; Soliva, Joan Carlos ; Solowij, Nadia ; Sponheim, Scott R. ; Stein, Dan J. ; Stein, Elliot A. ; Stevens, Michael ; Strike, Lachlan T. ; Sudre, Gustavo ; Sui, Jing ; Tamm, Leanne ; Temmingh, Hendrik S. ; Thoma, Robert J. ; Tomyshev, Alexander S. ; Tronchin, Giulia ; Turner, Jessica A. ; Uhlmann, Anne ; van Erp, Theo G.M. ; van den Heuvel, Odile ; van der Meer, Dennis ; Eijk, Liza van ; Vance, Alasdair ; Veer, Ilya M. ; Veltman, Dick J. ; Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan ; Vilarroya, Oscar ; Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda ; Voineskos, Aristotle N. ; Völzke, Henry ; Vuletic, Daniella ; Walitza, Susanne ; Walter, Henrik ; Walton, Esther ; Wardlaw, Joanna M. ; Wen, Wei ; Westlye, Lars T. ; Whelan, Christopher D. ; White, Tonya ; Wiers, Reinout W. ; Wright, Margaret J. ; Wittfeld, Katharina ; Yang, Tony T. ; Yasuda, Clarissa L. ; Yoncheva, Yuliya ; Yucel, Murat ; Yun, Je-Yeon ; Zanetti, Marcus Vinicius ; Zhen, Zonglei ; Zhu, Xing-xing ; Ziegler, Georg Christoph ; Zierhut, Kathrin ; De Zubicaray, Greig ; Zwiers, Marcel P. ; Glahn, David C. ; Franke, Barbara ; Crivello, Fabrice ; Tzourio-Mazoyer, Nathalie ; Fisher, Simon E. ; Thompson, Paul M. ; Francks, Clyde ; Farde, Lars ; Engberg, Goran ; Erhardt, Sophie ; Cervenka, Simon ; Schwieler, Lilly ; Piehl, Fredrik ; Collste, Karin ; Victorsson, Pauliina ; Malmqvist, Anna ; Hedberg, Mikael ; Orhan, Funda
Strzelczyk, Adam ; Kalski, Malin ; Bast, Thomas ; Wiemer-Kruel, Adelheid ; Bettendorf, Ulrich ; Kay, Lara ; Kieslich, Matthias ; Kluger, Gerhard ; Kurlemann, Gerhard ; Mayer, Thomas ; Neubauer, Bernd Axel ; Polster, Tilman ; Herting, Arne ; Spiczak Brzezinski, Sarah von ; Trollmann, Regina ; Wolff, Markus ; Irwin, John ; Carroll, Joe ; Macdonald, Daniel ; Pritchard, Clive ; Klein, Karl Martin ; Rosenow, Felix ; Schubert-Bast, Susanne
Introduction: Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. This study estimated cost, cost-driving factors and quality of life (QoL) in patients with Dravet syndrome and their caregivers in a prospective, multicenter study in Germany.
Methods: A validated 3–12-month retrospective questionnaire and a prospective 3-month diary assessing clinical characteristics, QoL, and direct, indirect and out-of-pocket (OOP) costs were administered to caregivers of patients with DS throughout Germany.
Results: Caregivers of 93 patients (mean age 10.1 years, ±7.1, range 15 months–33.7 years) submitted questionnaires and 77 prospective diaries. The majority of patients (95%) experienced at least one seizure during the previous 12 months and 77% a status epilepticus (SE) at least once in their lives. Over 70% of patients had behavioural problems and delayed speech development and over 80% attention deficit symptoms and disturbance of motor skills and movement coordination. Patient QoL was lower than in the general population and 45% of caregivers had some form of depressive symptoms. Direct health care costs per three months were a mean of €6,043 ± €5,825 (median €4054, CI €4935-€7350) per patient. Inpatient costs formed the single most important cost category (28%, €1,702 ± €4,315), followed by care grade benefits (19%, €1,130 ± €805), anti-epileptic drug (AED) costs (15%, €892 ± €1,017) and ancillary treatments (9%, €559 ± €503). Total indirect costs were €4,399 ±€ 4,989 (median €0, CI €3466-€5551) in mothers and €391 ± €1,352 (median €0, CI €195-€841) in fathers. In univariate analysis seizure frequency, experience of SE, nursing care level and severe additional symptoms were found to be associated with total direct healthcare costs. Severe additional symptoms was the single independently significant explanatory factor in a multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: This study over a period up to 15 months revealed substantial direct and indirect healthcare costs of DS in Germany and highlights the relatively low patient and caregiver QoL compared with the general population.
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