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Depuis quelques mois, nous avons rassemblé et dépouillé au GRELACO (Groupe de Recherche en Langues et Cultures Orales) un ensemble relativement important de données inédites ou non sur les segments latents (appelés aussi segments flottants) dans les langues bantoues du Gabon. Le présent article se propose donc de faire le point sur ce que nous savons aujourd’hui de ces segments latents dans les langues bantoues du Gabon.
La nasalisation en Fang-mekè
(2006)
Le fang-mekè qui appartient au groupe linguistique (A75) est parlé dans les provinces de l’Estuaire (Libreville, Kango, et rive gauche de l’Estuaire),du Moyen-Ogooué (Lambaréné, Ndjolé), de l’Ogooué-Ivindo (Makokou) et du Woleu-Ntem (Mitzic). Le seul travail connu à ce jour sur cette langue à été réalisé par Nzang Obame (2004). Il s’agit d’un mémoire de maîtrise à orientation linéaire, portant sur la description phonologique du fang-mekè parlé au quartier Lalala de Libreville et dont le foyer d’origine est situé à la rive gauche de l’Estuaire. On comprendra donc que pour la réalisation de la présente étude portant sur la nasalisation en fang-mekè, nous nous appuyons uniquement sur le travail de Nzang Obame.
En dernière analyse, la grande faiblesse des livres comme ceux de Mouguiama-Daouda et d'autres linguistes gabonais qui ont choisi de publier des ouvrages généraux sur les langues bantoues du Gabon, c'est de manquer de documents descriptifs (synchroniques ou diachroniques) sur lesquelles ils peuvent asseoir raisonnablement leurs hypothèses et leurs argumentations. Ceci montre, par conséquent, combien de fois il est nécessaire de commencer d'abord par décrire les langues que l'on veut étudier, avant d'envisager une quelconque autre étude linguistique sur elles.
Na prática do ensino de Alemão como Língua Estrangeira (ALE), os conteúdos de 'Landeskunde' são abordados cada vez mais sob a perspectiva de que culturas heterogêneas permeiam os diferentes países de idioma alemão. Questionando-nos acerca da representatividade, em materiais didáticos, de países cujo idioma oficial é alemão, dedicamo-nos ao levantamento e à análise de dados sobre os aspectos culturais da Áustria presentes no livro didático "DaF Kompakt neu" (2016), material utilizado em boa parte dos cursos de graduação para formação de professores de alemão no Brasil. Os dados coletados foram categorizados e, então, analisados, de forma que pudéssemos averiguar a inclusão de informações implícitas e explícitas sobre a Áustria e seu potencial para incentivar discusses em sala de aula. Destacamos na exposição dos resultados que o material selecionado apresenta menções profícuas e, mais ainda, que a quantidade e complexidade dessas aumentariam conforme o avanço dos níveis de línguas ensinados. Concluímos ressaltando que, apesar da representatividade do material didático, outros elementos como preparo e disposição do professor, além de materiais suplementares, seriam indispensáveis para a presentificação do 'DACH-Prinzip' no ensino de ALE.
Two-pion correlation functions in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV have been measured by the STAR (solenoidal tracker at RHIC) detector. The source size extracted by fitting the correlations grows with event multiplicity and decreases with transverse momentum. Anomalously large sizes or emission durations, which have been suggested as signals of quark-gluon plasma formation and rehadronization, are not observed. The Hanbury Brown-Twiss parameters display a weak energy dependence over a broad range in sqrt[sNN].
The first measurements of light antinucleus production in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider are reported. The observed production rates for d-bar and 3He-bar are much larger than in lower energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. A coalescence model analysis of the yields indicates that there is little or no increase in the antinucleon freeze-out volume compared to collisions at CERN SPS energy. These analyses also indicate that the 3He-bar freeze-out volume is smaller than the d-bar freeze-out volume.
We present the first measurement of midrapidity vector meson phi production in Au+Au collisions at RHIC (sqrt[sNN]=130 GeV) from the STAR detector. For the 11% highest multiplicity collisions, the slope parameter from an exponential fit to the transverse mass distribution is T=379±50(stat)±45(syst) MeV, the yield dN/dy=5.73±0.37(stat)±0.69(syst) per event, and the ratio N phi /Nh- is found to be 0.021±0.001(stat)±0.004(syst). The measured ratio N phi /Nh- and T for the phi meson at midrapidity do not change for the selected multiplicity bins.
The FIRE AND ICE Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01490814) was initiated in 2012 as a multicenter, randomized, head‐to‐head comparison of radiofrequency current (RFC) and cryoballoon catheter ablation for the treatment of patients with drug‐refractory symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Six years on, it remains the largest, randomized comparison of safety and efficacy between 2 catheter ablation modalities used in the treatment of patients with AF. This landmark trial not only established noninferiority between cryoballoon and RFC ablation for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with regard to the study's efficacy and safety primary end points,1 but also, it evaluated secondary end points that were critical for a representative study interpretation. ...
This paper fits within a broader research programme concerned with the processes that link labour market precarity and social exclusion. Labour market insecurity manifests itself most directly in the form of unemployment, and other elements in the programme seek to measure the impact of precarity, and unemployment in particular, on poverty and social exclusion in the eight countries covered. One of the principal concerns of the programme is however the extent to which institutional differences across countries with respect to the labour market and social protection are a significant factor mediating the relationship between labour market precarity and social exclusion. This paper focuses on the effectiveness of cash transfers, the central element of social protection systems, in alleviating the effects of unemployment on income poverty. The structures of social protection systems vary greatly across European Union member states, and in many cases have altered significantly in recent years in response to high unemployment (see Hauser et al, 1998). Using data from the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s for six member countries, the paper compares the effectiveness of different systems in lifting or keeping the unemployed out of poverty, and how this has been affected by the way systems have responded to the challenges produced by developments in the labour market in the past decade. The specific role of social insurance-based unemployment-linked transfers versus other cash transfers is also considered, to assess the extent to which social insurance has been able to cope with changes in the labour market over the period. The data come from a variety of national large-scale household surveys. The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 discusses the data and methods to be employed in measuring the impact of cash transfers on poverty risks for the unemployed. Section 3 looks at the overall risks of poverty for the unemployed before and after cash transfers, and how these changed between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s. Section 4 looks at the role of social insurance-based unemployment payments versus other cash transfers. Section 5 examines the extent to which the impact of transfers varies by gender and by duration of unemployment. Section 6 highlights the key patterns identified and what these tell us about the relationship between the type of welfare regime a country operates and effectiveness in alleviating poverty among the unemployed.
The banana leaf spotting disease yellow Sigatoka is established and actively controlled in Australia through intensive chemical treatments and diseased leaf removal. In the State of Queensland, the State government imposes standards for de-leafing to minimise the risk of the disease spreading in 6 banana pest quarantine areas. Of these, the Northern Banana Pest Quarantine Area is the most significant in terms of banana production. Previous regulations imposed obligations on owners of banana plants within this area to remove leaves from plants with visible spotting on more than 15 per cent of any leaf during the wet season. Recently, this leaf disease threshold has been lowered to 5 per cent. In this paper we examine the likely impact this more-costly regulation will have on the spread of the disease. We estimate that the average net benefit of reducing the diseased leaf threshold is only likely to be $1.4 million per year over the next 30 years, expressed as the annualised present value of tightened regulation. This result varies substantially when the timeframe of the analysis is changed, with shorter time frames indicating poorer net returns from the change in protocols. Overall, the benefit of the regulation change is likely to be minor.
Les végétaux et leurs produits sont de la première importance pour la vie de la population rurale de l’Afrique. Localement, ils sont couramment utilisés pour la construction, la fabrication des outils, l’emballage, comme aliments et médicaments, pour nourrir le bétail et pour la protection des cultures et des terres. Aussi, les insectes comestibles constituant une part importante de l’alimentation dans une grande partie de l’Afrique, se nourrissent de certaines plantes. Les abeilles récoltent le nectar et le pollen pour produire le miel qui est très apprécié par la population et s’avère être une précieuse source de revenus dans la province. La connaissance des utilisations et même des noms locaux de nombreuses de ces plantes est entrain de se perdre. Cette publication fournit des informations recueillies localement, ainsi que de la littérature disponible, pour plus de 800 plantes poussant dans la province du Kongo central en République Démocratique du Congo.
Le but de ce livre est d’encourager la plantation et la conservation des plantes au Kongo Central, province de la République Démocratique du Congo. La plupart des plantes citées sont également présentes dans plusieurs pays en région tropicale humide d’Afrique. Il est à espérer que ce livre sera utile aux fermiers, aux guérisseurs, aux étudiants et aux diverses catégories de personnes vivant en milieu rural.
Le volume 1 couvre les espèces Abelmoschus esculentus à Leptaspis zeylanica. Le volume 2 contient Leptoderris congolensis à Zinnia angustifolia. (Une version corrigée du volume 2 est également disponible, dans laquelle les erreurs mineures de formatage de l'édition originale sont améliorées.)
We report first results on elliptic flow of identified particles at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV using the STAR TPC at RHIC. The elliptic flow as a function of transverse momentum and centrality differs significantly for particles of different masses. This dependence can be accounted for in hydrodynamic models, indicating that the system created shows a behavior consistent with collective hydrodynamical flow. The fit to the data with a simple model gives information on the temperature and flow velocities at freeze-out.
The minimum-bias multiplicity distribution and the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions for central collisions have been measured for negative hadrons ( h-) in Au+Au interactions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV. The multiplicity density at midrapidity for the 5% most central interactions is dNh-/d eta | eta = 0 = 280±1(stat)±20(syst), an increase per participant of 38% relative to pp-bar collisions at the same energy. The mean transverse momentum is 0.508±0.012 GeV/c and is larger than in central Pb+Pb collisions at lower energies. The scaling of the h- yield per participant is a strong function of pperp. The pseudorapidity distribution is almost constant within | eta |<1.
We report the first measurement of inclusive antiproton production at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN] = 130 GeV by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The antiproton transverse mass distributions in the measured transverse momentum range of 0.25<pperp<0.95 GeV/c are found to fall less steeply for more central collisions. The extrapolated antiproton rapidity density is found to scale approximately with the negative hadron multiplicity density.