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Adistinct species easily recognized by the long exserted, narrow cylindric capsules. The peristome has 8 teeth and 8 segments which distinguishes this taxon from the closely related O. firmum. They both belong to the section Leiocarpa within the subgenus Phaneroporum. Species closely related to the two African taxa are common throughout the Southern Hemisphere. Orthotrichum arborescens is an epiphyte reported from Arundinaria alpina, giant Senecio and Philippia. It is an alpine species occuring between 2.500 and 4.000 m altitude. The geographic distribution is restricted to Central East Africa.