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Language
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Has Fulltext
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Is part of the Bibliography
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Keywords
- Atherosclerosis (1)
- CVD biomarker (1)
- Cardiovascular diseases (1)
- Germany (1)
- Health risk analysis (1)
- Italy (1)
- Myocardial infarction (1)
- Stroke (1)
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Institute
- Medizin (4)
Randall, Joshua C. ; Winkler, Thomas W. ; Kutalik, Zoltán ; I. Berndt, Sonja ; Jackson, Anne U. ; Monda, Keri L. ; Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O. ; Esko, Tõnu ; Mägi, Reedik ; Li, Shengxu ; Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie ; Feitosa, Mary F. ; Croteau-Chonka, Damien C. ; Day, Felix R. ; Fall, Tove ; Ferreira, Teresa ; Gustafsson, Stefan ; Locke, Adam E. ; Mathieson, Iain ; Scherag, André ; Vedantam, Sailaja ; Wood, Andrew R. ; Liang, Liming ; Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur ; Thorleifsson, Gudmar ; Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T. ; Dimas, Antigone S. ; Karpe, Fredrik ; Min, Josine L. ; Nicholson, George ; Clegg, Deborah J. ; Person, Thomas ; Krohn, Jon P. ; Bauer, Sabrina ; Buechler, Christa ; Eisinger, Kristina ; Bonnefond, Amélie ; Froguel, Philippe ; Hottenga, Jouke-Jan ; Prokopenko, Inga ; Waite, Lindsay L. ; Harris, Tamara B. ; Smith, Albert Vernon ; Shuldiner, Alan R. ; McArdle, Wendy L. ; Caulfield, Mark J. ; Munroe, Patricia B. ; Grönberg, Henrik ; Chen, Yii-Der Ida ; Li, Guo ; Beckmann, Jacques S. ; Johnson, Toby ; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur ; Teder-Laving, Maris ; Khaw, Kay-Tee ; Wareham, Nicholas J. ; Zhao, Jing Hua ; Amin, Najaf ; Oostra, Ben A. ; Kraja, Aldi T. ; Province, Michael A. ; Cupples, L. Adrienne ; Heard-Costa, Nancy L. ; Kaprio, Jaakko ; Ripatti, Samuli ; Surakka, Ida ; Collins, Francis S. ; Saramies, Jouko ; Tuomilehto, Jaakko ; Jula, Antti ; Salomaa, Veikko ; Erdmann, Jeanette ; Hengstenberg, Christian ; Loley, Christina ; Schunkert, Heribert ; Lamina, Claudia ; Wichmann, Heinz Erich ; Albrecht, Eva ; Gieger, Christian ; Hicks, Andrew A. ; Johansson, Åsa ; Pramstaller, Peter P. ; Kathiresan, Sekar ; Speliotes, Elizabeth K. ; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. ; Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa ; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta ; Gyllensten, Ulf ; Boomsma, Dorret I. ; Campbell, Harry ; Wilson, James F. ; Chanock, Stephen J. ; Farrall, Martin ; Goel, Anuj ; Medina-Gomez, Carolina ; Rivadeneira, Fernando ; Estrada, Karol ; Uitterlinden, André G. ; Hofman, Albert ; Zillikens, M. Carola ; Heijer, Martin den ; Kiemeney, Lambertus Adrianus ; Maschio, Andrea ; Hall, Per ; Tyrer, Jonathan ; Teumer, Alexander ; Völzke, Henry ; Kovacs, Peter ; Tönjes, Anke ; Mangino, Massimo ; Spector, Tim D. ; Hayward, Caroline ; Rudan, Igor ; Hall, Alistair S. ; Samani, Nilesh J. ; Attwood, Antony Paul ; Sambrook, Jennifer G. ; Hung, Joseph ; Palmer, Lyle J. ; Lokki, Marja-Liisa ; Sinisalo, Juha ; Boucher, Gabrielle ; Huikuri, Heikki ; Lorentzon, Mattias ; Ohlsson, Claes ; Eklund, Niina ; Eriksson, Johan G. ; Barlassina, Cristina ; Rivolta, Carlo ; Nolte, Ilja M. ; Snieder, Harold ; Klauw, Melanie M. van der ; Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V. van ; Gejman, Pablo V. ; Shi, Jianxin ; Jacobs, Kevin B. ; Wang, Zhaoming ; Bakker, Stephan J. L. ; Mateo Leach, Irene ; Navis, Gerjan ; Harst, Pim van der ; Martin, Nicholas Gordon ; Medland, Sarah E. ; Montgomery, Grant W. ; Yang, Jian ; Chasman, Daniel I. ; Ridker, Paul M. ; Rose, Lynda M. ; Lehtimäki, Terho ; Raitakari, Olli ; Absher, Devin ; Iribarren, Carlos ; Basart, Hanneke ; Hovingh, Kees G. ; Hyppönen, Elina ; Power, Chris ; Power, Chris ; Anderson, Denise ; Beilby, John P. ; Hui, Jennie ; Jolley, Jennifer ; Sager, Hendrik ; Bornstein, Stefan R. ; Schwarz, Peter E. H. ; Kristiansson, Kati ; Perola, Markus ; Lindström, Jaana ; Swift, Amy J. ; Uusitupa, Matti ; Atalay, Mustafa ; Lakka, Timo A. ; Rauramaa, Rainer ; Bolton, Jennifer L. ; Fowkes, Gerry ; Fraser, Ross M. ; Price, Jackie F. ; Fischer, Krista ; KrjutÅ¡kov, Kaarel ; Metspalu, Andres ; Mihailov, Evelin ; Langenberg, Claudia ; Luan, Jian'an ; Ong, Ken K. ; Chines, Peter S. ; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M. ; Saaristo, Timo E. ; Edkins, Sarah ; Franks, Paul W. ; Hallmans, Göran ; Shungin, Dmitry ; Morris, Andrew David ; Palmer, Colin N. A. ; Erbel, Raimund ; Moebus, Susanne ; Nöthen, Markus Maria ; Pechlivanis, Sonali ; Hveem, Kristian ; Narisu, Narisu ; Hamsten, Anders ; Humphries, Steve E. ; Strawbridge, Rona J. ; Tremoli, Elena ; Grallert, Harald ; Thorand, Barbara ; Illig, Thomas ; Koenig, Wolfgang ; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina ; Peters, Annette ; Böhm, Bernhard O. ; Kleber, Marcus E. ; März, Winfried ; Winkelmann, Bernhard R. ; Kuusisto, Johanna ; Laakso, Markku ; Arveiler, Dominique ; Cesana, Giancarlo ; Kuulasmaa, Kari ; Virtamo, Jarmo ; Yarnell, John W. G. ; Kuh, Diana ; Wong, Andrew ; Lind, Lars ; Faire, Ulf de ; Gigante, Bruna ; Magnusson, Patrik K. E. ; Pedersen, Nancy L. ; Dedoussis, George ; Dimitriou, Maria ; Kolovou, Genovefa ; Kanoni, Stavroula ; Stirrups, Kathleen ; Bonnycastle, Lori L. ; Njølstad, Inger ; Wilsgaard, Tom ; Ganna, Andrea ; Rehnberg, Emil ; Hingorani, Aroon ; Kivimaki, Mika ; Kumari, Meena ; Assimes, Themistocles L. ; Barroso, Inês ; Boehnke, Michael ; Borecki, Ingrid B. ; Deloukas, Panos ; Fox, Caroline S. ; Frayling, Timothy ; Groop, Leif C. ; Haritunians, Talin ; Hunter, David ; Ingelsson, Erik ; Kaplan, Robert ; Mohlke, Karen L. ; North, Kari E. ; Lindgren, Cecilia M. ; Qi, Lu ; Loos, Ruth J. F. ; Heid, Iris M. ; Hirschhorn, Joel N. ; McCarthy, Mark I. ; Abecasis, Gonçalo R. ; Stefansson, Kari ; Strachan, David P. ; Schlessinger, David ; O'Connell, Jeffrey R. ; Duijn, Cornelia M. van
Men and women differ substantially regarding height, weight, and body fat. Interestingly, previous work detecting genetic effects for waist-to-hip ratio, to assess body fat distribution, has found that many of these showed sex-differences. However, systematic searches for sex-differences in genetic effects have not yet been conducted. Therefore, we undertook a genome-wide search for sexually dimorphic genetic effects for anthropometric traits including 133,723 individuals in a large meta-analysis and followed promising variants in further 137,052 individuals, including a total of 94 studies. We identified seven loci with significant sex-difference including four previously established (near GRB14/COBLL1, LYPLAL1/SLC30A10, VEGFA, ADAMTS9) and three novel anthropometric trait loci (near MAP3K1, HSD17B4, PPARG), all of which were significant in women, but not in men. Of interest is that sex-difference was only observed for waist phenotypes, but not for height or body-mass-index. We found no evidence for sex-differences with opposite effect direction for men and women. The PPARG locus is of specific interest due to its link to diabetes genetics and therapy. Our findings demonstrate the importance of investigating sex differences, which may lead to a better understanding of disease mechanisms with a potential relevance to treatment options.
O’Connell, Kevin S. ; Koromina, Maria ; van der Veen, Tracey ; Boltz, Toni ; David, Friederike S. ; Kay Yang, Jessica Mei ; Lin, Keng-Han ; Wang, Xin ; Coleman, Jonathan R. I. ; Mitchell, Brittany L. ; McGrouther, Caroline C. ; Rangan, Aaditya V. ; Lind, Penelope A. ; Koch, Elise ; Harder, Arvid ; Parker, Nadine ; Bendl, Jaroslav ; Adorjan, Kristina ; Agerbo, Esben ; Albani, Diego ; Alemany, Silvia ; Alliey-Rodriguez, Ney ; Als, Thomas D. ; Andlauer, Till F. M. ; Antoniou, Anastasia ; Ask, Helga ; Bass, Nicholas ; Bauer, Michael ; Beins, Eva C. ; Bigdeli, Tim B. ; Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker ; Boks, Marco P. ; Børte, Sigrid ; Bosch, Rosa ; Brum, Murielle ; Brumpton, Ben M. ; Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Nathalie ; Budde, Monika ; Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas ; Byerley, William ; Cabana-Domínguez, Judit ; Cairns, Murray J. ; Carpiniello, Bernardo ; Casas, Miquel ; Cervantes, Pablo ; Chatzinakos, Chris ; Chen, Hsi-Chung ; Clarence, Tereza ; Clarke, Toni-Kim ; Claus, Isabelle ; Coombes, Brandon ; Corfield, Elizabeth C. ; Cruceanu, Cristiana ; Cuellar-Barboza, Alfredo ; Czerski, Piotr M. ; Dafnas, Konstantinos ; Dale, Anders M. ; Dalkner, Nina ; Degenhardt, Franziska ; DePaulo, J. Raymond ; Djurovic, Srdjan ; Drange, Ole Kristian ; Escott-Price, Valentina ; Fanous, Ayman H. ; Fellendorf, Frederike T. ; Ferrier, I. Nicol ; Forty, Liz ; Frank, Josef ; Frei, Oleksandr ; Freimer, Nelson B. ; Fullard, John F. ; Garnham, Julie ; Gizer, Ian R. ; Gordon, Scott D. ; Gordon-Smith, Katherine ; Greenwood, Tiffany A. ; Grove, Jakob ; Guzman-Parra, José ; Ha, Tae Hyon ; Hahn, Tim ; Haraldsson, Magnus ; Hautzinger, Martin ; Havdahl, Alexandra ; Heilbronner, Urs ; Hellgren, Dennis ; Herms, Stefan ; Hickie, Ian B. ; Hoffmann, Per ; Holmans, Peter A. ; Huang, Ming-Chyi ; Ikeda, Masashi ; Jamain, Stéphane ; Johnson, Jessica S. ; Jonsson, Lina ; Kalman, Janos L. ; Kamatani, Yoichiro ; Kennedy, James L. ; Kim, Euitae ; Kim, Jaeyoung ; Kittel-Schneider, Sarah ; Knowles, James A. ; Kogevinas, Manolis ; Kranz, Thorsten M. ; Krebs, Kristi ; Kushner, Steven A. ; Lavebratt, Catharina ; Lawrence, Jacob ; Leber, Markus ; Lee, Heon-Jeong ; Liao, Calwing ; Lucae, Susanne ; Lundberg, Martin ; MacIntyre, Donald J. ; Maier, Wolfgang ; Maihofer, Adam X. ; Malaspina, Dolores ; Manchia, Mirko ; Maratou, Eirini ; Martinsson, Lina ; Mattheisen, Manuel ; McGregor, Nathaniel W. ; McInnis, Melvin G. ; McKay, James D. ; Medeiros, Helena ; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas ; Millischer, Vincent ; Morris, Derek W. ; Moutsatsou, Paraskevi ; Mühleisen, Thomas W. ; O’Donovan, Claire ; Olsen, Catherine M. ; Panagiotaropoulou, Georgia ; Papiol, Sergi ; Pardiñas, Antonio F. ; Park, Hye Youn ; Perry, Amy ; Pfennig, Andrea ; Pisanu, Claudia ; Potash, James B. ; Quested, Digby ; Rapaport, Mark H. ; Regeer, Eline J. ; Rice, John P. ; Rivera, Margarita ; Schulte, Eva C. ; Senner, Fanny ; Shadrin, Alexey ; Shilling, Paul D. ; Sigurdsson, Engilbert ; Sindermann, Lisa ; Sirignano, Lea ; Siskind, Dan ; Slaney, Claire ; Sloofman, Laura G. ; Smeland, Olav B. ; Smith, Daniel J. ; Sobell, Janet L. ; Soler Artigas, Maria ; Stein, Dan J. ; Stein, Frederike ; Su, Mei-Hsin ; Sung, Heejong ; Świątkowska, Beata ; Terao, Chikashi ; Tesfaye, Markos ; Tesli, Martin ; Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E. ; Thorp, Jackson G. ; Toma, Claudio ; Tondo, Leonardo ; Tooney, Paul A. ; Tsai, Shih-Jen ; Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini ; Vawter, Marquis P. ; Vedder, Helmut ; Vreeker, Annabel ; Walters, James T. R. ; Winsvold, Bendik S. ; Witt, Stephanie H. ; Won, Hong-Hee ; Ye, Robert ; Young, Allan H. ; Zandi, Peter P. ; Zillich, Lea ; Adolfsson, Rolf ; Alda, Martin ; Alfredsson, Lars ; Backlund, Lena ; Baune, Bernhard T. ; Bellivier, Frank ; Bengesser, Susanne ; Berrettini, Wade H. ; Biernacka, Joanna M. ; Boehnke, Michael ; Børglum, Anders D. ; Breen, Gerome ; Carr, Vaughan J. ; Catts, Stanley ; Cichon, Sven ; Corvin, Aiden ; Craddock, Nicholas ; Dannlowski, Udo ; Dikeos, Dimitris ; Etain, Bruno ; Ferentinos, Panagiotis ; Frye, Mark ; Fullerton, Janice M. ; Gawlik, Micha ; Gershon, Elliot S. ; Goes, Fernando S. ; Green, Melissa J. ; Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria ; Hauser, Joanna ; Henskens, Frans A. ; Hjerling-Leffler, Jens ; Hougaard, David M. ; Hveem, Kristian ; Iwata, Nakao ; Jones, Ian ; Jones, Lisa A. ; Kahn, René S. ; Kelsoe, John R. ; Kircher, Tilo ; Kirov, George ; Kuo, Po-Hsiu ; Landén, Mikael ; Leboyer, Marion ; Li, Qingqin S. ; Lissowska, Jolanta ; Lochner, Christine ; Loughland, Carmel ; Luykx, Jurjen J. ; Martin, Nicholas G. ; Mathews, Carol A. ; Mayoral, Fermin ; McElroy, Susan L. ; McIntosh, Andrew M. ; McMahon, Francis J. ; Medland, Sarah E. ; Melle, Ingrid ; Milani, Lili ; Mitchell, Philip B. ; Morken, Gunnar ; Mors, Ole ; Mortensen, Preben Bo ; Müller-Myhsok, Bertram ; Myers, Richard M. ; Myung, Woojae ; Neale, Benjamin M. ; Nievergelt, Caroline M. ; Nordentoft, Merete ; Nöthen, Markus M. ; Nurnberger, John I. ; O’Donovan, Michael C. ; Oedegaard, Ketil J. ; Olsson, Tomas ; Owen, Michael J. ; Paciga, Sara A. ; Pantelis, Christos ; Pato, Carlos N. ; Pato, Michele T. ; Patrinos, George P. ; Pawlak, Joanna M. ; Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni ; Reif, Andreas ; Reininghaus, Eva Z. ; Ribasés, Marta ; Rietschel, Marcella ; Ripke, Stephan ; Rouleau, Guy A. ; Roussos, Panos ; Saito, Takeo ; Schall, Ulrich ; Schalling, Martin ; Schofield, Peter R. ; Schulze, Thomas G. ; Scott, Laura J. ; Scott, Rodney J. ; Serretti, Alessandro ; Smoller, Jordan W. ; Squassina, Alessio ; Stahl, Eli A. ; Stefansson, Hreinn ; Stefansson, Kari ; Stordal, Eystein ; Streit, Fabian ; Sullivan, Patrick F. ; Turecki, Gustavo ; Vaaler, Arne E. ; Vieta, Eduard ; Vincent, John B. ; Waldman, Irwin D. ; Weickert, Cynthia S. ; Weickert, Thomas W. ; Werge, Thomas ; Whiteman, David C. ; Zwart, John-Anker ; Edenberg, Howard J. ; McQuillin, Andrew ; Forstner, Andreas J. ; Mullins, Niamh ; Di Florio, Arianna ; Ophoff, Roel A. ; Andreassen, Ole A.
Lorenz, Matthias ; Gao, Lu ; Ziegelbauer, Kathrin ; Norata, Giuseppe Danilo ; Empana, Jean Philippe ; Schmidtmann, Irene ; Lin, Hung-Ju ; McLachlan, Stela ; Bokemark, Lena ; Ronkainen, Kimmo ; Amato, Mauro ; Schminke, Ulf ; Srinivasan, Sathanur R. ; Lind, Lars ; Okazaki, Shuhei ; Stehouwer, Coen D. A. ; Willeit, Peter ; Polak, Joseph F. ; Steinmetz, Helmuth ; Sander, Dirk ; Poppert, Holger ; Desvarieux, Moise ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Johnsen, Stein Harald ; Staub, Daniel ; Sirtori, Cesare R. ; Iglseder, Bernhard ; Beloqui, Oscar ; Engström, Gunnar ; Friera, Alfonso ; Rozza, Francesco ; Xie, Wuxiang ; Parraga, Grace ; Grigore, Liliana ; Plichart, Matthieu ; Blankenberg, Stefan ; Su, Ta-Chen ; Schmidt, Caroline ; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka ; Veglia, Fabrizio ; Völzke, Henry ; Nijpels, Giel ; Willeit, Johann ; Sacco, Ralph L. ; Franco, Oscar H. ; Uthoff, Heiko ; Hedblad, Bo ; Suarez, Carmen ; Izzo, Raffaele ; Zhao, Dong ; Wannarong, Thapat ; Catapano, Alberico ; Ducimetiere, Pierre ; Espinola-Klein, Christine ; Chien, Kuo-Liong ; Price, Jackie F. ; Bergström, Göran ; Kauhanen, Jussi ; Tremoli, Elena ; Dörr, Marcus ; Berenson, Gerald ; Kitagawa, Kazuo ; Dekker, Jacqueline M. ; Kiechl, Stefan ; Sitzer, Matthias ; Bickel, Horst ; Rundek, Tatjana ; Hofman, Albert ; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. ; Castelnuovo, Samuela ; Landecho, Manuel F. ; Rosvall, Maria ; Gabriel, Rafael ; De Luca, Nicola ; Liu, Jing ; Baldassarre, Damiano ; Kavousi, Maryam ; De Groot, Eric ; Bots, Michiel L. ; Yanez, David N. ; Thompson, Simon G.
Aims: Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) predicts cardiovascular (CVD) events, but the predictive value of CIMT change is debated. We assessed the relation between CIMT change and events in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.
Methods and results: From 31 cohorts with two CIMT scans (total n = 89070) on average 3.6 years apart and clinical follow-up, subcohorts were drawn: (A) individuals with at least 3 cardiovascular risk factors without previous CVD events, (B) individuals with carotid plaques without previous CVD events, and (C) individuals with previous CVD events. Cox regression models were fit to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of the combined endpoint (myocardial infarction, stroke or vascular death) per standard deviation (SD) of CIMT change, adjusted for CVD risk factors. These HRs were pooled across studies.
In groups A, B and C we observed 3483, 2845 and 1165 endpoint events, respectively. Average common CIMT was 0.79mm (SD 0.16mm), and annual common CIMT change was 0.01mm (SD 0.07mm), both in group A. The pooled HR per SD of annual common CIMT change (0.02 to 0.43mm) was 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.95–1.02) in group A, 0.98 (0.93–1.04) in group B, and 0.95 (0.89–1.04) in group C. The HR per SD of common CIMT (average of the first and the second CIMT scan, 0.09 to 0.75mm) was 1.15 (1.07–1.23) in group A, 1.13 (1.05–1.22) in group B, and 1.12 (1.05–1.20) in group C.
Conclusions: We confirm that common CIMT is associated with future CVD events in individuals at high risk. CIMT change does not relate to future event risk in high-risk individuals.
Bahls, Martin ; Lorenz, Matthias W. ; Dörr, Marcus ; Gao, Lu ; Kitagawa, Kazuo ; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka ; Agewall, Stefan ; Berenson, Gerald ; Catapano, Alberico L. ; Norata, Giuseppe D. ; Bots, Michiel L. ; Gilst, Wiek van ; Asselbergs, Folkert W. ; Brouwers, Frank P. ; Uthoff, Heiko ; Sander, Dirk ; Poppert, Holger ; Hecht Olsen, Michael ; Empana, Jean Philippe ; Schminke, Ulf ; Baldassarre, Damiano ; Veglia, Fabrizio ; Franco, Oscar H. ; Kavousi, Maryam ; Groot, Eric de ; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. ; Grigore, Liliana ; Polak, Joseph F. ; Rundek, Tatjana ; Stehouwer, Coen D. A. ; Skilton, Michael R. ; Hatzitolios, Apostolos I. ; Savopoulos, Christos ; Ntaios, George ; Plichart, Matthieu ; McLachlan, Stela ; Lind, Lars ; Willeit, Peter ; Steinmetz, Helmuth ; Desvarieux, Moise ; Ikram, M. Arfan ; Johnsen, Stein Harald ; Schmidt, Caroline ; Willeit, Johann ; Ducimetiere, Pierre ; Price, Jackie F. ; Bergström, Göran ; Kauhanen, Jussi ; Kiechl, Stefan ; Sitzer, Matthias ; Bickel, Horst ; Sacco, Ralph L. ; Hofman, Albert ; Völzke, Henry ; Thompson, Simon G.
Aims: Averaged measurements, but not the progression based on multiple assessments of carotid intima-media thickness, (cIMT) are predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals. Whether this is true for conventional risk factors is unclear.
Methods and results: An individual participant meta-analysis was used to associate the annualised progression of systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with future cardiovascular disease risk in 13 prospective cohort studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration (n = 34,072). Follow-up data included information on a combined cardiovascular disease endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular death. In secondary analyses, annualised progression was replaced with average. Log hazard ratios per standard deviation difference were pooled across studies by a random effects meta-analysis. In primary analysis, the annualised progression of total cholesterol was marginally related to a higher cardiovascular disease risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00 to 1.07). The annualised progression of systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not associated with future cardiovascular disease risk. In secondary analysis, average systolic blood pressure (HR 1.20 95% CI 1.11 to 1.29) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.16) were related to a greater, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97) was related to a lower risk of future cardiovascular disease events.
Conclusion: Averaged measurements of systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol displayed significant linear relationships with the risk of future cardiovascular disease events. However, there was no clear association between the annualised progression of these conventional risk factors in individuals with the risk of future clinical endpoints.
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