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A thermodynamic theory of liquid mixtures based on a simple molecular model is developed which describes the equilibrium state as the result of a coupling between a "chemical" and a "statistical" equilibrium. The intermolecular interactions are taken into account by considering "complexes" formed between a given molecule and its z nearest neighbours. The equilibrium mole fractions of these complexes are calculated by application of the ideal law of mass action to an appropriate set of "exchange equilibria". Formulae for the excess functions GE and HE and for the activities of the components are derived for the cases z=1 and z=4. GE depends on an equilibrium constant K describing the deviation from random distribution of the equilibrium mole fractions of the complexes. HE depends on K and on an energy parameter w which is related to differences of pair interactions. K and w are independent parameters, and there is no limitation in respect to amount and sign of the excess functions. The conditions for the existence of a critical solution point are formulated; at this point GE has a value of about 0.56 R T. If a model with two equilibrium constants is used allowing for instance competition between "self-association" and "complex-formation", the existence of closed miscibility gaps becomes possible. Closed miscibility curves are calculated and the conditions for their appearance are discussed. The relations between this theory and Guggenheim's statistical lattice theory of symmetrical mixtures are pointed out.
We present the first measurements of charge-dependent correlations on angular difference variables η1 − η2 (pseudorapidity) and φ1 − φ2 (azimuth) for primary charged hadrons with transverse momentum 0.15 <= pt <= 2 GeV/c and |η| <= 1.3 from Au–Au collisions at √sNN = 130 GeV. We observe correlation structures not predicted by theory but consistent with evolution of hadron emission geometry with increasing centrality from one-dimensional fragmentation of color strings along the beam direction to an at least two-dimensional hadronization geometry along the beam and azimuth directions of a hadron-opaque bulk medium.
We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy s√=510 GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range 0.23≤−t≤0.67 GeV2. We find that a constant slope B does not fit the data in the aforementioned t range, and we obtain a much better fit using a second-order polynomial for B(t). The t dependence of B is determined using six subintervals of t in the STAR measured t range, and is in good agreement with the phenomenological models. The measured elastic differential cross section dσ/dt agrees well with the results obtained at s√=546 GeV for proton--antiproton collisions by the UA4 experiment. We also determine that the integrated elastic cross section within the STAR t-range is σfidel=462.1±0.9(stat.)±1.1(syst.)±11.6(scale) μb.