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Results are presented on Omega production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 40 and 158 AGeV beam energy. Given are transverse-mass spectra, rapidity distributions, and total yields for the sum Omega+Antiomega at 40 AGeV and for Omega and Antiomega separately at 158 AGeV. The yields are strongly under-predicted by the string-hadronic UrQMD model and are in better agreement with predictions from a hadron gas models. PACS numbers: 25.75.Dw
Particle production in central Pb+Pb collisions was studied with the NA49 large acceptance spectrometer at the CERN SPS at beam energies of 20, 30, 40, 80, and 158 GeV per nucleon. A change of the energy dependence is observed around 30A GeV for the yields of pions and strange particles as well as for the shapes of the transverse mass spectra. At present only a reaction scenario with onset of deconfinement is able to reproduce the measurements.
The hadronic final state of central Pb+Pb collisions at 20, 30, 40, 80, and 158 AGeV has been measured by the CERN NA49 collaboration. The mean transverse mass of pions and kaons at midrapidity stays nearly constant in this energy range, whereas at lower energies, at the AGS, a steep increase with beam energy was measured. Compared to p+p collisions as well as to model calculations, anomalies in the energy dependence of pion and kaon production at lower SPS energies are observed. These findings can be explained, assuming that the energy density reached in central A+A collisions at lower SPS energies is sufficient to transform the hot and dense nuclear matter into a deconfined phase.
The hadronic final state of central Pb+Pb collisions at 20, 30, 40, 80, and 158 AGeV has been measured by the CERN NA49 collaboration. The mean transverse mass of pions and kaons at midrapidity stays nearly constant in this energy range, whereas at lower energies, at the AGS, a steep increase with beam energy was measured. Compared to p+p collisions as well as to model calculations, anomalies in the energy dependence of pion and kaon production at lower SPS energies are observed. These findings can be explained, assuming that the energy density reached in central A+A collisions at lower SPS energies is sufficient to force the hot and dense nuclear matter into a deconfined phase.
New results from the energy scan programme of NA49, in particular kaon production at 30 AGeV and phi production at 40 and 80 AGeV are presented. The K+/pi+ ratio shows a pronounced maximum at 30 AGeV; the kaon slope parameters are constant at SPS energies. Both findings support the scenario of a phase transition at about 30 AGeV beam energy. The phi/pi ratio increases smoothly with beam energy, showing an energy dependence similar to K-/pi-. The measured particle yields can be reproduced by a hadron gas model, with chemical freeze-out parameters on a smooth curve in the T-muB plane. The transverse spectra can be understood as resulting from a rapidly expanding, locally equilibrated source. No evidence for an earlier kinetic decoupling of heavy hyperons is found.
Directed and elliptic flow of charged pions and protons in Pb + Pb collisions at 40 and 158 A GeV
(2003)
Directed and elliptic flow measurements for charged pions and protons are reported as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity, and centrality for 40 and 158A GeV Pb + Pb collisions as recorded by the NA49 detector. Both the standard method of correlating particles with an event plane, and the cumulant method of studying multiparticle correlations are used. In the standard method the directed flow is corrected for conservation of momentum. In the cumulant method elliptic flow is reconstructed from genuine 4, 6, and 8-particle correlations, showing the first unequivocal evidence for collective motion in A+A collisions at SPS energies.
Bose-Einstein correlations of charged kaons were measured near mid-rapidity in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A GeV by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS. Source radii were extracted using the Yano-Koonin-Podgoretsky and Bertsch-Pratt parameterizations. The results are compared to published pion data. The measured m_perp dependence for kaons and pions is consistent with collective transverse expansion of the source and a freeze-out time of about 9.5 fm.
The large acceptance and high momentum resolution as well as the significant particle identification capabilities of the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS allow for a broad study of fluctuations and correlations in hadronic interactions. In the first part recent results on event-by-event charge and p_t fluctuations are presented. Charge fluctuations in central Pb+Pb reactions are investigated at three different beam energies (40, 80, and 158 AGeV), while for the p_t fluctuations the focus is put on the system size dependence at 158 AGeV. In the second part recent results on Bose Einstein correlations of h-h- pairs in minimum bias Pb+Pb reactions at 40 and 158 AGeV, as well as of K+K+ and K-K- pairs in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 AGeV are shown. Additionally, other types of two particle correlations, namely pi p, Lambda p, and Lambda Lambda correlations, have been measured by the NA49 experiment. Finally, results on the energy and system size dependence of deuteron coalescence are discussed.
In dieser Arbeit wurde die Produktion von Omega und Anti-Omega Hyperonen in zentralen Pb+Pb-Kollisionen bei 40 A GeV am CERN SPS mit dem NA49 Experiment untersucht. Der in dieser Arbeit verwendete Datensatz wurde während einer 4 wöchigen Strahlzeit 1999 aufgenommen. Dabei wurden 579446 Zentrale (7.2 % des totalen Wirkungsquerschnitts) Ereignisse, bei zwei verschiedenen Polarit aten (std+ und std-), aufgezeichnet. Die Omega Produktion bei 40 A GeV wird mit Messungen bei anderen Energien verglichen, um damit die Energieabhangigkeit der Omega Produktion zu untersuchen. Das Experiment NA49 erlaubt genaue Messungen in einem weiten Akzeptanzbereich. Man misst die Zerfallstochter des Omegas und die Zerfallstochter des Omegas mit hochauflösenden TPCs. Mehrfach seltsame Teilchen (Theta, Omega) werden durch ihre Zerfallstopologie identifiziert. Es wurden verschieden Qualitatskriterien verwendet, um den kombinatorischen Untergrund zu reduzieren. NA49 hat nur eine endliche geometrische Akzeptanz und kann deshalb nicht den ganzen Phasenraum abdecken. Außerdem wurden verschiedene Qualitatskriterien verwendet, um ein akzeptables Signal zu Untergrund Verhaltnis zu erhalten. Da es wegen der Akzeptanz und der Qualitatskriterien zu Verlusten kommt, muss man darauf korrigieren. Dies macht man mittels einer Simulation, in der man Omega Hyperonen simuliert. Die Omega Hyperonen werden uber drei Rapiditatseinheiten um den Bereich zentraler Rapiditat und mit Transversalimpulsen von 0.9 bis 2.4 GeV/c gemessen. Es wurde der Temperaturparameter des Omega Hyperons bei 40 A GeV bestimmt. Im Rahmen der Fehler ist der Temperaturparameter der 40 A GeV dem der 158 A GeV gleich. Betrachtet man den Temperaturparameter der Omegas als Funktion der Schwerpunktenergie, gibt es einen Anstieg des Temperaturparameters von SPS- zu RHIC-Energien. Es wurden jeweils die Multiplizitaten bei mittlerer Rapiditat für Omega und Anti-Omega bestimmt. Die Multiplizität vom Omega betragt 0.068 +- 0.020 (stat.) +- 0.019 (sys.) und vom Anti-Omega 0.027 +- 0.008 (stat.) +- 0.007 (sys.). Die Multiplizitaten bei mittlerer Rapiditat steigen für Omega und Anti-Omega mit der Schwerpunktenergie von SPS- zu RHIC-Energien. Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit den Messungen der NA57 Kollaboration überein. Bei 40 A GeV wurde erstmals eine Rapiditatsverteilung gemessen. Die daraus resultierende totale Multiplizitat fur Omega + Anti-Omega betragt 0.20 +- 0.03 (stat.) +- 0.04 (sys.). Mit steigender Schwerpunktenergie steigt die totale Multiplizität und die Rapiditätsverteilung wird breiter. Um den systematischen Fehler zu bestimmen, wurde eine Stabilität-Analyse des mt-Spektrums und der Rapiditatsverteilung durchgefuhrt. Der systematische Fehler der mt-Spektren betragt 18 % und der totalen Multiplizitat 21 %. Schaut man sich die Anregungsfunktion der Omega und Anti-Omega als Funktion der Schwerpunktenergie an, erkennt man, dass es eine leichte Energieabhängigkeit beim Anti-Omega / Pi-Minus ....
Rapidity distributions for Lambda and anti-Lambda hyperons in central Pb-Pb collisions at 40, 80 and 158 AGeV and for K 0 s mesons at 158 AGeV are presented. The lambda multiplicities are studied as a function of collision energy together with AGS and RHIC measurements and compared to model predictions. A different energy dependence of the Lambda/pi and anti-Lambda/pi is observed. The anti-Lambda/Lambda ratio shows a steep increase with collision energy. Evidence for a anti-Lambda/anti-p ratio greater than 1 is found at 40 AGeV.