Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Preprint (778)
- Article (637)
- Conference Proceeding (6)
- Working Paper (2)
- Part of a Book (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1424)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (1424)
Keywords
- Heavy Ion Experiments (21)
- Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) (12)
- Hadron-Hadron Scattering (11)
- LHC (9)
- Heavy-ion collision (6)
- Heavy-ion collisions (5)
- SARS-CoV-2 (5)
- ALICE experiment (4)
- COVID19-NMR (4)
- Collective Flow (4)
- Jets (4)
- Quark-Gluon Plasma (4)
- Solution NMR spectroscopy (4)
- 5′-UTR (3)
- ALICE (3)
- Diffraction (3)
- Elastic scattering (3)
- Heavy Ions (3)
- Heavy Quark Production (3)
- Jets and Jet Substructure (3)
- meningioma (3)
- neurodegeneration (3)
- pp collisions (3)
- Beam Energy Scan (2)
- Beauty production (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Cancer genomics (2)
- Charm physics (2)
- Chiral Magnetic Effect (2)
- Clinical Trials and Observations (2)
- Collectivity (2)
- Correlation (2)
- Elliptic flow (2)
- Experimental nuclear physics (2)
- Experimental particle physics (2)
- Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments) (2)
- NR4A2 (2)
- PPARγ (2)
- Particle Correlations and Fluctuations (2)
- Particle and resonance production (2)
- Particle correlations and fluctuations (2)
- Pb–Pb collisions (2)
- Polarization (2)
- Pulmonary embolism (2)
- QCD (2)
- Quarkonium (2)
- RHIC (2)
- Relativistic heavy-ion collisions (2)
- SFAP (2)
- STAR (2)
- Shear viscosity (2)
- Single electrons (2)
- UAV (2)
- clinically important restrictions and symptoms (2)
- drug discovery (2)
- epilepsy (2)
- fragment screening (2)
- guidelines (2)
- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2)
- nuclear receptor (2)
- observational study (2)
- polypharmacology (2)
- rare disease (2)
- soil erosion (2)
- structural biology (2)
- transcription factor (2)
- 140Ce (1)
- 5'-UTR (1)
- 5_SL4 (1)
- 900 GeV (1)
- ABC transporters (1)
- ALICE detector (1)
- ARDS (1)
- ATAD2 (1)
- ATPases (1)
- Advanced biliary tract cancer (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Anti-nuclei (1)
- Antibiotic Resistance (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Atherosclerosis (1)
- B-slope (1)
- BET inhibitors (1)
- BRD2 (1)
- BRD4 (1)
- BROMO-10 (1)
- BTC (1)
- Bacillus (1)
- Bacterial pathogens (1)
- Baryonic resonances (1)
- Beam energy scan (1)
- Biochemistry and chemical biology (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biogeography (1)
- Bipolar disorder (1)
- Boosted Jets (1)
- Brain metastasis (1)
- CD74 (1)
- COVID (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cancer genetics (1)
- Canonical suppression (1)
- Cardiomyocyte signaling pathways (1)
- Cardioprotection (1)
- Cardiovascular disease (1)
- Cardiovascular diseases (1)
- Carrier-bound fibrin sealant (1)
- Centrality Class (1)
- Centrality Selection (1)
- Charge fluctuations (1)
- Charged-particle multiplicity (1)
- Charm quark spatial diffusion coefficient (1)
- Charmonia (1)
- Chemical tools (1)
- Chiral magnetic effect (1)
- Circadian (1)
- Circulating MiRNA (1)
- Coalescence (1)
- Cold nuclear matter effects (1)
- Collagen hemostat (1)
- Collective Flow, (1)
- Comorbidities (1)
- Comparison with QCD (1)
- Conformational trapping (1)
- Coronary heart disease (1)
- Covid19-nmr (1)
- Critical care (1)
- Critical point (1)
- DIPSHIFT (1)
- Data management (1)
- Data sharing (1)
- Deuteron production (1)
- Di-hadron correlations (1)
- Diagnostic markers (1)
- Direct oral anticoagulation (1)
- Disease Activity (1)
- Drug safety (1)
- Drug screening (1)
- Drug targeting (1)
- E. colo (1)
- Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecophysiology (1)
- Ecosystems (1)
- Electromagnetic transitions (1)
- Electron-pion identification (1)
- Electroweak interaction (1)
- Endothelial permeability (1)
- Entomology (1)
- Environment (1)
- Experimental models of disease (1)
- Extracellular RNA (eRNA) (1)
- Femtoscopy (1)
- Fibre/foam sandwich radiator (1)
- Flow (1)
- Forschung (1)
- Forward physics (1)
- Freezeout (1)
- G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) (1)
- G protein-coupled receptors (1)
- GVHD (1)
- Genomic instability (1)
- Germany (1)
- Glioblastoma survival (1)
- Groomed jet radius (1)
- HBT (1)
- HLA class II (1)
- HLA peptidome (1)
- HNO (1)
- Hadron production (1)
- Hadron-Hadron Scattering Heavy (1)
- Hadron-hadron interactions (1)
- Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde (1)
- Hand-foot syndrome (1)
- Hard Scattering (1)
- Head and neck cancer (1)
- Health risk analysis (1)
- Heart regeneration (1)
- Heavy Ion Experiment (1)
- Heavy flavor production (1)
- Heavy flavour production (1)
- Heavy ions (1)
- Heavy-Ion Collision (1)
- Heavy-flavor decay electron (1)
- Heavy-flavour decay muons (1)
- Heavy-flavour production (1)
- Heavy-ion (1)
- Heavy-ion reactions (1)
- Hemostatics (1)
- HepG2 (1)
- Hif1α (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- Higher moments (1)
- HoLEP (1)
- Holmium laser enucleation (1)
- In vitro selection (1)
- Incidental prostate cancer (1)
- Inclusive spectra (1)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- Intensity interferometry (1)
- Interference fragmentation function (1)
- Invariant Mass Distribution (1)
- Ionisation energy loss (1)
- Ischemia–reperfusion injury (1)
- Italy (1)
- J/ψ suppression (1)
- Jet Physics (1)
- Jet Substructure (1)
- Jet substructure (1)
- KCGS (1)
- KPS (1)
- LanI Protein (1)
- Lantibiotic (1)
- Lantibiotic Immunity (1)
- Lehre (1)
- Lipid metabolism (1)
- Lipoprotein (1)
- Liver Fibrosis (1)
- Liver resection (1)
- Low-molecular-weight heparin (1)
- Lymphocytes (1)
- Lymphoid Neoplasia (1)
- Lymphoid tissues (1)
- MACS (1)
- MODY (1)
- Malignant meningioma (1)
- Marine chemistry (1)
- Material budget (1)
- Medicinal chemistry (1)
- Membrane protein (1)
- Meningioma (1)
- Metabolic syndrome (1)
- MiR-29 (1)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) (1)
- Microbiome (1)
- Mid-rapidity (1)
- Minimum Bias (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Models & methods for nuclear reactions (1)
- Molecular medicine (1)
- Molecular modelling (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Multi-Parton Interactions (1)
- Multi-strange baryons (1)
- Multi-wire proportional drift chamber (1)
- Multiple parton interactions (1)
- Myeloid Neoplasia (1)
- Myocardial infarction (1)
- N-acetylcysteine (1)
- NK cell (1)
- NK cell subset (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NR4A3 (1)
- Nanobody (1)
- Neolithic (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Neuropilin (1)
- Neutron physics (1)
- Next-generation sequencing (1)
- Nonflow (1)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1)
- Nuclear modification factor (1)
- Nuclear reactions (1)
- ORL (1)
- Observation (1)
- Oncology (1)
- Orphan nuclear receptor (1)
- Otorhinolaryngology (1)
- Outcome (1)
- Outcomes research (1)
- PCV (1)
- PDGFRβ (1)
- PYTHIA (1)
- Palaeoceanography (1)
- Palaeoclimate (1)
- Parkinson’s disease (1)
- Particle and Resonance Production (1)
- Particle production (1)
- Patterns of care (1)
- Pb–Pb (1)
- Periodontitis (1)
- Phage display (1)
- Phylogenomics (1)
- Population genetics (1)
- Preclinical research (1)
- Predictive markers (1)
- Production Cross Section (1)
- Prognostic markers (1)
- Prognostic models (1)
- Properties of Hadrons (1)
- Prostate cancer (1)
- Protein Structure (1)
- Proton-proton collisions (1)
- Proton–proton (1)
- Proton–proton collisions (1)
- Psychiatry (1)
- Pyogenic spondylodiscitis (1)
- QGP (1)
- Quark Deconfinement (1)
- Quark Gluon Plasma (1)
- Quark Production (1)
- Quark gluon plasma (1)
- Quark–gluon plasma (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNA genome (1)
- RNASolution-state NMR (1)
- RXRα (1)
- Radiative capture (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Rapidity Range (1)
- Relativistic heavy ion physics (1)
- Remote ischemic conditioning (1)
- Research (1)
- Residency (1)
- Resolution Parameter (1)
- Resonance reactions (1)
- Resonances (1)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (1)
- Ribosome display (1)
- Risk factor (1)
- Routine Medical Care (1)
- Rpo4/7 (1)
- SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic (1)
- SARS-CoV‑2-Pandemie (1)
- SCT (1)
- SKALE score (1)
- SL1 (1)
- SL5a (1)
- SL5b (1)
- SL5b + c (1)
- SL5c (1)
- STAMPE2 (1)
- Salivary gland carcinoma (1)
- Seasonal variation (1)
- Shannon index (1)
- Single muons (1)
- Socio-ecology (1)
- SoftDrop (1)
- Solar insolation (1)
- Sorafenib (1)
- SpaI (1)
- Specialist training (1)
- Spin alignment (1)
- Splitting function (1)
- Ste2p (1)
- Strangeness enhancement (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Structural biology and molecular biophysics (1)
- Subtilin (1)
- Suicide (1)
- Sunlight (1)
- Surgery (1)
- Sweden (1)
- Systematic Uncertainty (1)
- TIRADS (1)
- TR (1)
- TTW nodules (1)
- TUR-P (1)
- Target identification (1)
- Target validation (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Teaching (1)
- Teeth (1)
- Therapeutic anticoagulation (1)
- Thermal model (1)
- Thrombosis (1)
- Time Projection Chamber (1)
- Tools and ressources (1)
- Topology (1)
- Tracking (1)
- Transition radiation detector (1)
- Translational research (1)
- Transurethral resection of the prostate (1)
- Transverse momentum (1)
- Transversity (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Trigger (1)
- Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (1)
- Unemployment (1)
- University hospitals (1)
- Universitätskliniken (1)
- VEGF (1)
- VEGF receptors (1)
- VEGFR-2 (1)
- VEGFR-3 (1)
- Vector Boson Production (1)
- Wealth Losses (1)
- Weiterbildung (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- Xenon-based gas mixture (1)
- Zuckerkandl’s tubercle (1)
- accident (1)
- alleles (1)
- allostery (1)
- anaemia (1)
- androgen receptor (1)
- antibodies (1)
- anticonvulsants (1)
- autism spectrum disorder (1)
- autistic disorder (1)
- azacitidine (1)
- b-cell lymphomas (1)
- bendamustine (1)
- biogeographic legaciese (1)
- biomarker (1)
- bromodomain (1)
- bromodomain inhibitor (1)
- c-kit (1)
- capture (1)
- carbon and proton assignments (1)
- cardiocerebral resuscitation (1)
- cardiopulmonary resuscitation (1)
- castration-resistant prostate cancer (1)
- cell-free expression (1)
- cerium (1)
- charge transfer (1)
- chemogenomic set (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- chemotherapy regimen (1)
- child (1)
- chimeric antigen receptor t-cell therapy (1)
- chimeric antigen receptors (1)
- chromatin (1)
- cirrhosis (1)
- clinical practice (1)
- cofactor recruitment (1)
- computational chemistry (1)
- copy number polymorphism (1)
- coronavirus (1)
- cross-section (1)
- cryo-EM (1)
- cytotoxicity (1)
- dE/dx (1)
- detector (1)
- dexamethasone (1)
- differential scanning fluorimetry (1)
- diffuse low-grade glioma (1)
- diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- domestication (1)
- double access (1)
- drug target (1)
- druggable genome (1)
- dynamics (1)
- ectosomes (1)
- elderly (1)
- epigenetic (1)
- everolimus (1)
- evolution (1)
- exercise (1)
- exosomes (1)
- experimental results (1)
- experiments (1)
- extracellular vesicles (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- follow-up (1)
- forest classification (1)
- forest functional similarity (1)
- fragment-based design (1)
- fragment-based drug design (1)
- freshwater ecosystems (1)
- gastric cancer (1)
- gastrointestinal stromal tumours (1)
- gene flow (1)
- genes (1)
- genetics (1)
- genome (1)
- genotype (1)
- genotype determination (1)
- glioblastoma (1)
- glioblastoma survival (1)
- glioma microenvironment (1)
- global change (1)
- habitat destruction (1)
- health (1)
- health-related quality of life (1)
- health-relatedquality of life (1)
- heavy ion experiments (1)
- heavy-ion collisions (1)
- hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (1)
- hepatocyte transplantation (1)
- heterodimer (1)
- homodimer (1)
- homogeneous time-resolved FRET (HTRF) (1)
- hotspot loci (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- immune infiltration (1)
- immune reconstitution (1)
- injury (1)
- insect abundance (1)
- juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (1)
- kinase inhibitor (1)
- land use (1)
- land-use change (1)
- leukapheresis (1)
- leukemia (1)
- lockdown (1)
- long-term research (1)
- lymphoma (1)
- magic angle spinning (1)
- membrane protein (1)
- membrane proteins (1)
- metabolic syndrome (1)
- metastatic renal cell carcinoma (1)
- miRNA (1)
- microdeletions (1)
- microparticles (1)
- microvesicles (1)
- minimal information requirements (1)
- molecular machines (1)
- monitoring (1)
- montelukast (1)
- multiple sclerosis (1)
- multiplexed immunofluorescence (1)
- multiscale (1)
- multitarget drugs (1)
- mutation (1)
- n_TOF (1)
- neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (1)
- neurodevelopmental (1)
- neutron (1)
- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1)
- nuclear receptor related-1 (1)
- nuclear receptor-related 1 (1)
- nucleosynthesis (1)
- object-based classification (1)
- oral cavity cancer (1)
- p+p collisions (1)
- pediatric intensive care (1)
- peritumoral edema (1)
- peritumoral edema zone (1)
- pharmacokinetics (1)
- pharmacophore model (1)
- phase IV (1)
- phenotype (1)
- phenotypic screening (1)
- photochemistry (1)
- photogrammetry (1)
- photolabile protecting groups (1)
- phylogenetic community distance (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- pole concept of goiter growth (1)
- portal hypertension (1)
- posterior horn (1)
- posteroinferior horn (1)
- pranlukast (1)
- predictive biomarker (1)
- primary active transporters (1)
- protein folding (1)
- protein kinase (1)
- pulmonary embolism (1)
- quark gluon plasma (1)
- recurrence pattern (1)
- red blood cells (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- renin-angiotensin system (1)
- reproducibility (1)
- retinoid X receptor (1)
- rigor (1)
- risk of malignancy (1)
- rituximab (1)
- s-process (1)
- sarcoma (1)
- second-line (1)
- secondary chemical shifts (1)
- seizures (1)
- sequence alignment (1)
- signature (1)
- single nucleotide polymorphism (1)
- small molecules (1)
- solid-state NMR (1)
- soluble epoxide hydrolase (1)
- spectra (1)
- speech reports (1)
- ssFLYA (1)
- standardization (1)
- stearic acid (1)
- taller-than-wide (1)
- temozolomide (1)
- tense (1)
- therapeutic anticoagulation (1)
- threats (1)
- transfusion (1)
- trauma (1)
- tropical forests (1)
- type 2 diabetes (1)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (1)
- understudied kinase (1)
- zafirlukast (1)
- Υ suppression (1)
- √sN N = 2.76 TeV (1)
Institute
- Physik (1195)
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) (1065)
- Informatik (924)
- Medizin (72)
- Biochemie, Chemie und Pharmazie (16)
- Biochemie und Chemie (9)
- Biowissenschaften (9)
- Geowissenschaften (8)
- Zentrum für Biomolekulare Magnetische Resonanz (BMRZ) (7)
- Pharmazie (5)
A recent global meta‐analysis reported a decrease in terrestrial but increase in freshwater insect abundance and biomass (van Klink et al., Science 368, p. 417). The authors suggested that water quality has been improving, thereby challenging recent reports documenting drastic global declines in freshwater biodiversity. We raise two major concerns with the meta‐analysis and suggest that these account for the discrepancy with the declines reported elsewhere. First, total abundance and biomass alone are poor indicators of the status of freshwater insect assemblages, and the observed differences may well have been driven by the replacement of sensitive species with tolerant ones. Second, many of the datasets poorly represent global trends and reflect responses to local conditions or nonrandom site selection. We conclude that the results of the meta‐analysis should not be considered indicative of an overall improvement in the condition of freshwater ecosystems.
Background: Intracerebral haemorrhage growth is associated with poor clinical outcome and is a therapeutic target for improving outcome. We aimed to determine the absolute risk and predictors of intracerebral haemorrhage growth, develop and validate prediction models, and evaluate the added value of CT angiography.
Methods: In a systematic review of OVID MEDLINE—with additional hand-searching of relevant studies' bibliographies— from Jan 1, 1970, to Dec 31, 2015, we identified observational cohorts and randomised trials with repeat scanning protocols that included at least ten patients with acute intracerebral haemorrhage. We sought individual patient-level data from corresponding authors for patients aged 18 years or older with data available from brain imaging initially done 0·5–24 h and repeated fewer than 6 days after symptom onset, who had baseline intracerebral haemorrhage volume of less than 150 mL, and did not undergo acute treatment that might reduce intracerebral haemorrhage volume. We estimated the absolute risk and predictors of the primary outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage growth (defined as >6 mL increase in intracerebral haemorrhage volume on repeat imaging) using multivariable logistic regression models in development and validation cohorts in four subgroups of patients, using a hierarchical approach: patients not taking anticoagulant therapy at intracerebral haemorrhage onset (who constituted the largest subgroup), patients taking anticoagulant therapy at intracerebral haemorrhage onset, patients from cohorts that included at least some patients taking anticoagulant therapy at intracerebral haemorrhage onset, and patients for whom both information about anticoagulant therapy at intracerebral haemorrhage onset and spot sign on acute CT angiography were known.
Findings: Of 4191 studies identified, 77 were eligible for inclusion. Overall, 36 (47%) cohorts provided data on 5435 eligible patients. 5076 of these patients were not taking anticoagulant therapy at symptom onset (median age 67 years, IQR 56–76), of whom 1009 (20%) had intracerebral haemorrhage growth. Multivariable models of patients with data on antiplatelet therapy use, data on anticoagulant therapy use, and assessment of CT angiography spot sign at symptom onset showed that time from symptom onset to baseline imaging (odds ratio 0·50, 95% CI 0·36–0·70; p<0·0001), intracerebral haemorrhage volume on baseline imaging (7·18, 4·46–11·60; p<0·0001), antiplatelet use (1·68, 1·06–2·66; p=0·026), and anticoagulant use (3·48, 1·96–6·16; p<0·0001) were independent predictors of intracerebral haemorrhage growth (C-index 0·78, 95% CI 0·75–0·82). Addition of CT angiography spot sign (odds ratio 4·46, 95% CI 2·95–6·75; p<0·0001) to the model increased the C-index by 0·05 (95% CI 0·03–0·07).
Interpretation: In this large patient-level meta-analysis, models using four or five predictors had acceptable to good discrimination. These models could inform the location and frequency of observations on patients in clinical practice, explain treatment effects in prior randomised trials, and guide the design of future trials.
Funding: UK Medical Research Council and British Heart Foundation.
The neutron capture cross section of 154Gd was measured from 1 eV to 300 keV in the experimental area located 185 m from the CERN n_TOF neutron spallation source, using a metallic sample of gadolinium, enriched to 67% in 154Gd. The capture measurement, performed with four C6D6 scintillation detectors, has been complemented by a transmission measurement performed at the GELINA time-of-flight facility (JRC-Geel), thus minimising the uncertainty related to sample composition. An accurate Maxwellian averaged capture cross section (MACS) was deduced over the temperature range of interest for s process nucleosynthesis modelling. We report a value of 880(50) mb for the MACS at kT = 30 keV, significantly lower compared to values available in literature. The new adopted 154Gd(n,γ) cross section reduces the discrepancy between observed and calculated solar s-only isotopic abundances predicted by s-process nucleosynthesis models.
Multimodal therapy of glioblastoma (GBM) reveals inter-individual variability in terms of treatment outcome. Here, we examined whether a miRNA signature can be defined for the a priori identification of patients with particularly poor prognosis.
FFPE sections from 36 GBM patients along with overall survival follow-up were collected retrospectively and subjected to miRNA signature identification from microarray data. A risk score based on the expression of the signature miRNAs and cox-proportional hazard coefficients was calculated for each patient followed by validation in a matched GBM subset of TCGA. Genes potentially regulated by the signature miRNAs were identified by a correlation approach followed by pathway analysis.
A prognostic 4-miRNA signature, independent of MGMT promoter methylation, age, and sex, was identified and a risk score was assigned to each patient that allowed defining two groups significantly differing in prognosis (p-value: 0.0001, median survival: 10.6 months and 15.1 months, hazard ratio = 3.8). The signature was technically validated by qRT-PCR and independently validated in an age- and sex-matched subset of standard-of-care treated patients of the TCGA GBM cohort (n=58). Pathway analysis suggested tumorigenesis-associated processes such as immune response, extracellular matrix organization, axon guidance, signalling by NGF, GPCR and Wnt. Here, we describe the identification and independent validation of a 4-miRNA signature that allows stratification of GBM patients into different prognostic groups in combination with one defined threshold and set of coefficients that could be utilized as diagnostic tool to identify GBM patients for improved and/or alternative treatment approaches.
1H-detected solid-state NMR experiments feasible at fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) frequencies allow accessing 1H chemical shifts of proteins in solids, which enables their interpretation in terms of secondary structure. Here we present 1H and 13C-detected NMR spectra of the RNA polymerase subunit Rpo7 in complex with unlabeled Rpo4 and use the 13C, 15N, and 1H chemical-shift values deduced from them to study the secondary structure of the protein in comparison to a known crystal structure. We applied the automated resonance assignment approach FLYA including 1H-detected solid-state NMR spectra and show its success in comparison to manual spectral assignment. Our results show that reasonably reliable secondary-structure information can be obtained from 1H secondary chemical shifts (SCS) alone by using the sum of 1Hα and 1HN SCS rather than by TALOS. The confidence, especially at the boundaries of the observed secondary structure elements, is found to increase when evaluating 13C chemical shifts, here either by using TALOS or in terms of 13C SCS.
A new global synthesis and biomization of long (> 40 kyr) pollen-data records is presented, and used with simulations from the HadCM3 and FAMOUS climate models to analyse the dynamics of the global terrestrial biosphere and carbon storage over the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Global modelled (BIOME4) biome distributions over time generally agree well with those inferred from pollen data. The two climate models show good agreement in global net primary productivity (NPP). NPP is strongly influenced by atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations through CO2 fertilization. The combined effects of modelled changes in vegetation and (via a simple model) soil carbon result in a global terrestrial carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum that is 210–470 Pg C less than in pre-industrial time. Without the contribution from exposed glacial continental shelves the reduction would be larger, 330–960 Pg C. Other intervals of low terrestrial carbon storage include stadial intervals at 108 and 85 kaBP, and between 60 and 65 kaBP during Marine Isotope Stage 4. Terrestrial carbon storage, determined by the balance of global NPP and decomposition, influences the stable carbon isotope composition (δ 13C) of seawater because terrestrial organic carbon is depleted in 13C. Using a simple carbon-isotope mass balance equation we find agreement in trends between modelled ocean δ 13C based on modelled land carbon storage, and palaeo-archives of ocean δ 13C, confirming that terrestrial carbon storage variations may be important drivers of ocean δ 13 C changes.
A new global synthesis and biomization of long (> 40 kyr) pollen-data records is presented and used with simulations from the HadCM3 and FAMOUS climate models and the BIOME4 vegetation model to analyse the dynamics of the global terrestrial biosphere and carbon storage over the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Simulated biome distributions using BIOME4 driven by HadCM3 and FAMOUS at the global scale over time generally agree well with those inferred from pollen data. Global average areas of grassland and dry shrubland, desert, and tundra biomes show large-scale increases during the Last Glacial Maximum, between ca. 64 and 74 ka BP and cool substages of Marine Isotope Stage 5, at the expense of the tropical forest, warm-temperate forest, and temperate forest biomes. These changes are reflected in BIOME4 simulations of global net primary productivity, showing good agreement between the two models. Such changes are likely to affect terrestrial carbon storage, which in turn influences the stable carbon isotopic composition of seawater as terrestrial carbon is depleted in 13C.
CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling controls multiple physiological processes and its dysregulation is associated with cancers and inflammatory diseases. To discover as-yet-unknown endogenous ligands of CXCR4, we screened a blood-derived peptide library for inhibitors of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 strains. This approach identified a 16 amino acid fragment of serum albumin as an effective and highly specific CXCR4 antagonist. The endogenous peptide, termed EPI-X4, is evolutionarily conserved and generated from the highly abundant albumin precursor by pH-regulated proteases. EPI-X4 forms an unusual lasso-like structure and antagonizes CXCL12-induced tumor cell migration, mobilizes stem cells, and suppresses inflammatory responses in mice. Furthermore, the peptide is abundant in the urine of patients with inflammatory kidney diseases and may serve as a biomarker. Our results identify EPI-X4 as a key regulator of CXCR4 signaling and introduce proteolysis of an abundant precursor protein as an alternative concept for chemokine receptor regulation.
The aim of this study is to investigate the incidental prostate cancer (iPCa) detection rates of different embedding methods in a large, contemporary cohort of patients with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) treated with transurethral surgery. We relied on an institutional tertiary-care database to identify BOO patients who underwent either transurethral loop resection or laser (Holmium:yttrium–aluminium garnet) enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) between 01/2012 and 12/2019. Embedding methods differed with regard to the extent of the additional prostate tissue submitted following the first ten cassettes of primary embedding (cohort A: one [additional] cassette/10 g residual tissue vs. cohort B: complete embedding of the residual tissue). Detection rates of iPCa among the different embedding methods were compared. Subsequently, subgroup analyses by embedding protocol were repeated in HoLEP-treated patients only. In the overall cohort, the iPCa detection rate was 11% (46/420). In cohort A (n = 299), tissue embedding resulted in a median of 8 cassettes/patient (range 1–38) vs. a median of 15 (range 2–74) in cohort B (n = 121) (p < .001). The iPCa detection rate was 8% (23/299) and 19% (23/121) in cohort A vs. cohort B, respectively (p < .001). Virtual reduction of the number of tissue cassettes to ten cassettes resulted in a iPCa detection rate of 96% in both cohorts, missing one stage T1a/ISUP grade 1 carcinoma. Increasing the number of cassettes by two and eight cassettes, respectively, resulted in a detection rate of 100% in both cohorts without revealing high-grade carcinomas. Subgroup analyses in HoLEP patients confirmed these findings, demonstrated by a 100 vs. 96% iPCa detection rate following examination of the first ten cassettes, missing one case of T1a/ISUP 1. Examination of 8 additional cassettes resulted in a 100% detection rate. The extent of embedding of material obtained from transurethral prostate resection correlates with the iPCa detection rate. However, the submission of 10 cassettes appears to be a reasonable threshold to reduce resource utilization while maintaining secure cancer detection.
The 23Al(p, γ)24Si stellar reaction rate has a significant impact on the light-curve emitted in X-ray bursts. Theoretical calculations show that the reaction rate is mainly determined by the properties of direct capture as well as low-lying 2+ states and a possible 4+ state in 24Si. Currently, there is little experimental information on the properties of these states.
In this proceeding we will present a new experimental study to investigate this reaction, using the surrogate reaction 23Al(d,n) at 47 AMeV at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL). We will discuss our new experimental setup which allows us to use full kinematics employing the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array (GRETINA) to detect the γ-rays following the de-excitation of excited states of the reaction products and the Low Energy Neutron Detector Array (LENDA) to detect the recoiling neutrons. The S800 was used for identification of the 24Si recoils. As a proof of principle to show the feasibility of this concept the Q-value spectrum of 22Mg(d,n)23Al is reconstructed.