Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (45)
- Preprint (9)
- Review (3)
- Part of a Book (1)
- Working Paper (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (59)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (59) (remove)
Keywords
- Aspergillus fumigatus (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Celan, Paul (2)
- bipolar disorder (2)
- ABC transporters (1)
- ACE inhibitor (1)
- ADHD (1)
- ARDS (1)
- AT1 receptor antagonist (1)
- ATPases (1)
- Acquired resistance (1)
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1)
- Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (1)
- Acute myeloid leukemia (1)
- Angiogenesis (1)
- Animal flight (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Bird flight (1)
- CAKUT (1)
- CNDAC (1)
- CVID (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Celan, Paul / Todesfuge (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Chickens (1)
- Conservation biology (1)
- Critical care (1)
- DCK (1)
- Dermis (1)
- Deutsch (1)
- Diagnostic markers (1)
- Electron-pion identification (1)
- Embryos (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) (1)
- Feathers (1)
- Fibre/foam sandwich radiator (1)
- Fibroblast growth factor (1)
- Genetics (1)
- German PID-NET registry (1)
- Glioblastoma (1)
- Green fluorescent protein (1)
- HIPPO signalling (1)
- Handke, Peter (1)
- Hodgkin lymphoma (1)
- IgG substitution therapy (1)
- Immune response (1)
- Immunity (1)
- Immunogenetics (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Immunology and Microbiology Section (1)
- Intrinsic resistance (1)
- Ionisation energy loss (1)
- Judenvernichtung <Motiv> (1)
- Leukemia (1)
- Linguistik (1)
- Literaturwissenschaft (1)
- Lyrik (1)
- MGMT (1)
- Malpighiales (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Multi-wire proportional drift chamber (1)
- Mutterimago (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Obesity (1)
- Oncology (1)
- Outcome (1)
- PID prevalence (1)
- Pandemic (1)
- Prognostic models (1)
- Psychiatric disorders (1)
- Psychoanalyse (1)
- Renal replacement therapy (1)
- Rezension (1)
- SAMHD1 (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SLC20A1 (1)
- Sapacitabine (1)
- Schiller, Friedrich (1)
- Spiegelman, Art (1)
- Sprache (1)
- Sprachvariante (1)
- Suicide (1)
- TOR signalling (1)
- TR (1)
- Temozolomide (1)
- Textgenese (1)
- Tracking (1)
- Transition radiation detector (1)
- Trigger (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- Xenon-based gas mixture (1)
- age (1)
- anaesthesia in orthopaedics (1)
- anaesthetics (1)
- anaplastic large cell lymphoma (1)
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (1)
- bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (1)
- cell barrier integrity (1)
- ceramides (1)
- children and adolescents (1)
- cloacal malformation (1)
- cryo-EM (1)
- cytokine (1)
- dE/dx (1)
- depression (1)
- early recognition (1)
- ectosomes (1)
- endocannabinoids (1)
- exosomes (1)
- extracellular vesicles (1)
- functional genetics (1)
- gene expression (1)
- genetic phenotypes (1)
- geriatric medicine (1)
- germ cell tumors (1)
- glioblastoma survival (1)
- guidelines (1)
- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (1)
- histology (1)
- human natural killer cell (1)
- hybrid enrichment (1)
- immunotherapy (1)
- interoperability (1)
- kidney formation (1)
- major depression (1)
- membrane proteins (1)
- mesenchymal stromal cells (1)
- microparticles (1)
- microvesicles (1)
- minimal information requirements (1)
- molecular machines (1)
- motility (1)
- off-target reads (1)
- ovary (1)
- perforin (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- phylogenetic conflict (1)
- phylogenomics (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- plastome (1)
- polygenic risk score (1)
- primary active transporters (1)
- primary immunodeficiency (PID) (1)
- pulmonary embolism (1)
- recurrence pattern (1)
- registry for primary immunodeficiency (1)
- reproducibility (1)
- rigor (1)
- sequence alignment (1)
- sex (1)
- smart home (1)
- smart living (1)
- standardization (1)
- structural biology (1)
- tandem mass spectrometry (1)
- taxon sampling (1)
- testis (1)
- therapeutic anticoagulation (1)
- urinary tract development (1)
- web of things (1)
- zebrafish development (1)
Institute
Members of the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily translocate a broad spectrum of chemically diverse substrates. While their eponymous ATP‐binding cassette in the nucleotide‐binding domains (NBDs) is highly conserved, their transmembrane domains (TMDs) forming the translocation pathway exhibit distinct folds and topologies, suggesting that during evolution the ancient motor domains were combined with different transmembrane mechanical systems to orchestrate a variety of cellular processes. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that the distinct TMD folds are best suited to categorize the multitude of ABC transporters. We therefore propose a new ABC transporter classification that is based on structural homology in the TMDs:
Background: Threonine Aspartase 1 (Taspase1) mediates cleavage of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) protein and leukemia provoking MLL-fusions. In contrast to other proteases, the understanding of Taspase1's (patho)biological relevance and function is limited, since neither small molecule inhibitors nor cell based functional assays for Taspase1 are currently available. Methodology/Findings: Efficient cell-based assays to probe Taspase1 function in vivo are presented here. These are composed of glutathione S-transferase, autofluorescent protein variants, Taspase1 cleavage sites and rational combinations of nuclear import and export signals. The biosensors localize predominantly to the cytoplasm, whereas expression of biologically active Taspase1 but not of inactive Taspase1 mutants or of the protease Caspase3 triggers their proteolytic cleavage and nuclear accumulation. Compared to in vitro assays using recombinant components the in vivo assay was highly efficient. Employing an optimized nuclear translocation algorithm, the triple-color assay could be adapted to a high-throughput microscopy platform (Z'factor = 0.63). Automated high-content data analysis was used to screen a focused compound library, selected by an in silico pharmacophor screening approach, as well as a collection of fungal extracts. Screening identified two compounds, N-[2-[(4-amino-6-oxo-3H-pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]ethyl]benzenesulfonamideand 2-benzyltriazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, which partially inhibited Taspase1 cleavage in living cells. Additionally, the assay was exploited to probe endogenous Taspase1 in solid tumor cell models and to identify an improved consensus sequence for efficient Taspase1 cleavage. This allowed the in silico identification of novel putative Taspase1 targets. Those include the FERM Domain-Containing Protein 4B, the Tyrosine-Protein Phosphatase Zeta, and DNA Polymerase Zeta. Cleavage site recognition and proteolytic processing of these substrates were verified in the context of the biosensor. Conclusions: The assay not only allows to genetically probe Taspase1 structure function in vivo, but is also applicable for high-content screening to identify Taspase1 inhibitors. Such tools will provide novel insights into Taspase1's function and its potential therapeutic relevance.
Risk stratification for bipolar disorder using polygenic risk scores among young high-risk adults
(2020)
Objective: Identifying high-risk groups with an increased genetic liability for bipolar disorder (BD) will provide insights into the etiology of BD and contribute to early detection of BD. We used the BD polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from BD genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to explore how such genetic risk manifests in young, high-risk adults. We postulated that BD-PRS would be associated with risk factors for BD.
Methods: A final sample of 185 young, high-risk German adults (aged 18–35 years) were grouped into three risk groups and compared to a healthy control group (n = 1,100). The risk groups comprised 117 cases with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 45 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 23 help-seeking adults with early recognition symptoms [ER: positive family history for BD, (sub)threshold affective symptomatology and/or mood swings, sleeping disorder]. BD-PRS was computed for each participant. Logistic regression models (controlling for sex, age, and the first five ancestry principal components) were used to assess associations of BD-PRS and the high-risk phenotypes.
Results: We observed an association between BD-PRS and combined risk group status (OR = 1.48, p < 0.001), ADHD diagnosis (OR = 1.32, p = 0.009), MDD diagnosis (OR = 1.96, p < 0.001), and ER group status (OR = 1.7, p = 0.025; not significant after correction for multiple testing) compared to healthy controls.
Conclusions: In the present study, increased genetic risk for BD was a significant predictor for MDD and ADHD status, but not for ER. These findings support an underlying shared risk for both MDD and BD as well as ADHD and BD. Improving our understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of these phenotypes may aid in early identification and risk stratification.
Genes encoding endocannabinoid and sphingolipid metabolism pathways were suggested to contribute to the genetic risk towards attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present pilot study assessed plasma concentrations of candidate endocannabinoids, sphingolipids and ceramides in individuals with adult ADHD in comparison with healthy controls and patients with affective disorders. Targeted lipid analyses of 23 different lipid species were performed in 71 mental disorder patients and 98 healthy controls (HC). The patients were diagnosed with adult ADHD (n = 12), affective disorder (major depression, MD n = 16 or bipolar disorder, BD n = 6) or adult ADHD with comorbid affective disorders (n = 37). Canonical discriminant analysis and CHAID analyses were used to identify major components that predicted the diagnostic group. ADHD patients had increased plasma concentrations of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P d18:1) and sphinganine-1-phosphate (S1P d18:0). In addition, the endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and arachidonoylglycerol were increased. MD/BD patients had increased long chain ceramides, most prominently Cer22:0, but low endocannabinoids in contrast to ADHD patients. Patients with ADHD and comorbid affective disorders displayed increased S1P d18:1 and increased Cer22:0, but the individual lipid levels were lower than in the non-comorbid disorders. Sphingolipid profiles differ between patients suffering from ADHD and affective disorders, with overlapping patterns in comorbid patients. The S1P d18:1 to Cer22:0 ratio may constitute a diagnostic or prognostic tool.
Background: Predicted increases in suicide were not generally observed in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the picture may be changing and patterns might vary across demographic groups. We aimed to provide a timely, granular picture of the pandemic's impact on suicides globally.
Methods: We identified suicide data from official public-sector sources for countries/areas-within-countries, searching websites and academic literature and contacting data custodians and authors as necessary. We sent our first data request on 22nd June 2021 and stopped collecting data on 31st October 2021. We used interrupted time series (ITS) analyses to model the association between the pandemic's emergence and total suicides and suicides by sex-, age- and sex-by-age in each country/area-within-country. We compared the observed and expected numbers of suicides in the pandemic's first nine and first 10-15 months and used meta-regression to explore sources of variation.
Findings: We sourced data from 33 countries (24 high-income, six upper-middle-income, three lower-middle-income; 25 with whole-country data, 12 with data for area(s)-within-the-country, four with both). There was no evidence of greater-than-expected numbers of suicides in the majority of countries/areas-within-countries in any analysis; more commonly, there was evidence of lower-than-expected numbers. Certain sex, age and sex-by-age groups stood out as potentially concerning, but these were not consistent across countries/areas-within-countries. In the meta-regression, different patterns were not explained by countries’ COVID-19 mortality rate, stringency of public health response, economic support level, or presence of a national suicide prevention strategy. Nor were they explained by countries’ income level, although the meta-regression only included data from high-income and upper-middle-income countries, and there were suggestions from the ITS analyses that lower-middle-income countries fared less well.
Interpretation: Although there are some countries/areas-within-countries where overall suicide numbers and numbers for certain sex- and age-based groups are greater-than-expected, these countries/areas-within-countries are in the minority. Any upward movement in suicide numbers in any place or group is concerning, and we need to remain alert to and respond to changes as the pandemic and its mental health and economic consequences continue.
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) patients are at particularly high risk for thrombotic complications. In the event of a postoperative pulmonary embolism, therapeutic anticoagulation (tAC) is indispensable. The impact of therapeutic anticoagulation on recurrence pattern in GBM is currently unknown. Methods: We conducted a matched-pair cohort analysis of 57 GBM patients with or without tAC that were matched for age, sex, gross total resection and MGMT methylation status in a ratio of 1:2. Patients’ characteristics and clinical course were evaluated using medical charts. MRI characteristics were evaluated by two independent authors blinded to the AC status. Results: The morphologic MRI appearance in first GBM recurrence showed a significantly higher presence of multifocal, midline crossing and sharp demarcated GBM recurrence patterns in patients with therapeutic tAC compared to the matched control group. Although statistically non-significant, the therapeutic tAC cohort showed increased survival. Conclusion: Therapeutic anticoagulation induced significant morphologic changes in GBM recurrences. The underlying pathophysiology is discussed in this article but remains to be further elucidated.
Background: Intensive Care Resources are heavily utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, risk stratification and prediction of SARS-CoV-2 patient clinical outcomes upon ICU admission remain inadequate. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model, based on retrospective & prospective clinical data, to stratify patient risk and predict ICU survival and outcomes. Methods: A Germany-wide electronic registry was established to pseudonymously collect admission, therapeutic and discharge information of SARS-CoV-2 ICU patients retrospectively and prospectively. Machine learning approaches were evaluated for the accuracy and interpretability of predictions. The Explainable Boosting Machine approach was selected as the most suitable method. Individual, non-linear shape functions for predictive parameters and parameter interactions are reported. Results: 1039 patients were included in the Explainable Boosting Machine model, 596 patients retrospectively collected, and 443 patients prospectively collected. The model for prediction of general ICU outcome was shown to be more reliable to predict “survival”. Age, inflammatory and thrombotic activity, and severity of ARDS at ICU admission were shown to be predictive of ICU survival. Patients’ age, pulmonary dysfunction and transfer from an external institution were predictors for ECMO therapy. The interaction of patient age with D-dimer levels on admission and creatinine levels with SOFA score without GCS were predictors for renal replacement therapy. Conclusions: Using Explainable Boosting Machine analysis, we confirmed and weighed previously reported and identified novel predictors for outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Using this strategy, predictive modeling of COVID-19 ICU patient outcomes can be performed overcoming the limitations of linear regression models. Trial registration “ClinicalTrials” (clinicaltrials.gov) under NCT04455451.
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is usually characterized by a low tumour cell content, derived from crippled germinal centre B cells. Rare cases have been described in which the tumour cells show clonal T-cell receptor rearrangements. From a clinicopathological perspective, it is unclear if these cases should be classified as cHL or anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Since we recently observed differences in the motility of ALCL and cHL tumour cells, here, we aimed to obtain a better understanding of T-cell-derived cHL by investigating their global proteomic profiles and their motility. In a proteomics analysis, when only motility-associated proteins were regarded, T-cell-derived cHL cell lines showed the highest similarity to ALK− ALCL cell lines. In contrast, T-cell-derived cHL cell lines presented a very low overall motility, similar to that observed in conventional cHL. Whereas all ALCL cell lines, as well as T-cell-derived cHL, predominantly presented an amoeboid migration pattern with uropod at the rear, conventional cHL never presented with uropods. The migration of ALCL cell lines was strongly impaired upon application of different inhibitors. This effect was less pronounced in cHL cell lines and almost invisible in T-cell-derived cHL. In summary, our cell line-derived data suggest that based on proteomics and migration behaviour, T-cell-derived cHL is a neoplasm that shares features with both cHL and ALCL and is not an ALCL with low tumour cell content. Complementary clinical studies on this lymphoma are warranted.
Light-driven sodium pumps (NaRs) are unique ion-transporting microbial rhodopsins. The major group of NaRs is characterized by an NDQ motif and has two aspartic acid residues in the central region essential for sodium transport. Here we identified a new subgroup of the NDQ rhodopsins bearing an additional glutamic acid residue in the close vicinity to the retinal Schiff base. We thoroughly characterized a member of this subgroup, namely the protein ErNaR from Erythrobacter sp. HL-111 and showed that the additional glutamic acid results in almost complete loss of pH sensitivity for sodium-pumping activity, which is in contrast to previously studied NaRs. ErNaR is capable of transporting sodium efficiently even at acidic pH levels. X-ray crystallography and single particle cryo-electron microscopy reveal that the additional glutamic acid residue mediates the connection between the other two Schiff base counterions and strongly interacts with the aspartic acid of the characteristic NDQ motif. Hence, it reduces its pKa. Our findings shed light on a new subgroup of NaRs and might serve as a basis for their rational optimization for optogenetics.