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Seit 12 Jahren werden von Mitgliedern der Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) und deren Vorgängerorganisationen Grasland-Sonderteile in Tuexenia herausgegeben. Der diesjährige Sonderteil enthält fünf Artikel, die das Grasland verschiedener mitteleuropäischer Länder mit unterschiedlichen Zielen untersuchen. Der erste Artikel untersucht Auswirkungen von Weide und Mahd auf die Diversität des Graslands in Deutschland in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Umweltfaktoren, der zweite die Auswirkung kleiner Büsche auf den Artenreichtum von Gefäßpflanzen in beweideten Wiesensteppen in Ungarn. Der dritte Artikel fragt, ob sich ungarische Sandtrockenrasen mit Festuca vaginata von solchen mit F. pseudovaginata in ihrer Vegetation und ihren Standortsbedingungen unterscheiden; die letztere war erst kürzlich beschrieben worden. Der vierte Artikel modelliert Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf geschützte Graslandbestände in Serbien und deren Arten während schließlich der fünfte Artikel die Initiative einer neuen Datenbank des deutschen Graslands (GrassVeg.DE) vorstellt und dazu aufruft, sich daran zu beteiligen. Insgesamt haben zu diesem 12. Grasland-Sonderteil 41 Autoren aus fünf Ländern (Dänemark, Deutschland, Italien, Schweiz, Serbien und Ungarn) beigetragen.
After our taxonomic revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837, and the description of Oothecoides Kortenhaus & Wagner, 2011 and Ootibia Kortenhaus & Wagner, 2012, it became clear that a further four galerucine species, closely related to the above named taxa, form a distinct monophyletic group, that constitutes a new genus, Oosagitta gen. nov. with O. anningae sp. nov., O. geescheae sp. nov., O. melanopicta sp. nov. and O. thomasi sp. nov.. Exosoma angolensis Laboissière, 1939, the type species of the new genus, and Ergana minuta Laboissière, 1937 are newly transferred to Oosagitta gen. nov. All species of Oosagitta gen. nov. are characterized by a broad body and pronotum, a more or less convex dorsum and short legs, and as such are most similar to the other above named genera. The antennae of Oosagitta gen. nov. are distinctly longer than those of Ootheca, Oothecoides and Ootibia. Genital structures of the males allow a reliable identifi cation of the genus. (Re-) descriptions are given for all species, including semi-schematic illustrations depicting the habitus outline, shape of the basal antennomeres and the median lobe. Photographs of the name-bearing types and distribution maps are provided.
Der Nationale Aktionsplan für Menschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen (SE) enthält 52 konkrete Maßnahmen, u. a. in den Handlungsfeldern Versorgung, Forschung, Diagnose und Informationsmanagement. Mit dem Ziel, langfristig die Qualität und Interoperabilität von nationalen Registern zu erhöhen, sieht Maßnahmenvorschlag 28 die Etablierung einer Strategiegruppe „Register für Seltene Erkrankungen“ vor. Diese Strategiegruppe hat 2016 ihre Arbeit aufgenommen. Sie berichtet hier über Entwicklungen auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene, um Empfehlungen für nationale Initiativen daraus abzuleiten.
Zusätzlich werden die Konsentierung und Implementierung sowie mit der Zeit ggf. die Anpassung eines Minimaldatensatzes zur Verwendung in Registern für Seltene Erkrankungen erläutert. Zusätzlich werden die verwendeten Datenelemente bzw. -schemata in einem sog. Metadata Repository abgebildet. Dieses Positionspapier wurde durch die Strategiegruppe sowie weitere Autoren erarbeitet und innerhalb der Gruppe konsentiert. Es wird als Konzeptpapier zum Aufbau und Betrieb von Registern der Strategiegruppe „Register“ veröffentlicht.
Introduction: For management of complicated retinal detachments, a pars plana vitrectomy with temporary silicone oil (SO) fill is the method of choice. According to literature, the retinal redetachment rate varies between <10% and >70% with around 36% in our own group (retrospective data analysis, n = 119 eyes).
Methods: The main goal was to reduce the retinal redetachment rate. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) and evaluation protocols (EVALPs) were developed to prospectively analyse risk factors. Lab analysis of SO was performed, and the role of surgical experience was evaluated and investigated with Eyesi®.
Results: We achieved a significant reduction of the retinal redetachment rate (to 6.80%, n = 101, p = 0.002). After surgery with SO injection, neither further membrane peeling (in 16.5%) nor retinal laser coagulation (in 100%) during revision surgery had a significant effect on the reattachment rate (p = 0.167, p = 0.23), while extensive additional laser coagulation reduced visual acuity (p = 0.01). A 3-port approach had to be set up to complete SO removal. A difference in success rate depending on surgical experience was confirmed, and the performance in Eyesi correlated with that in the patients' eye.
Conclusions: A SOP- and EVALP-based management and new strategies to secure the surgical performance seem to be essential for successful surgery.
Background: About 30 million people in the EU and USA, respectively, suffer from a rare disease. Driven by European legislative requirements, national strategies for the improvement of care in rare diseases are being developed. To improve timely and correct diagnosis for patients with rare diseases, the development of a registry for undiagnosed patients was recommended by the German National Action Plan. In this paper we focus on the question on how such a registry for undiagnosed patients can be built and which information it should contain. Results: To develop a registry for undiagnosed patients, a software for data acquisition and storage, an appropriate data set and an applicable terminology/classification system for the data collected are needed. We have used the open-source software Open-Source Registry System for Rare Diseases (OSSE) to build the registry for undiagnosed patients. Our data set is based on the minimal data set for rare disease patient registries recommended by the European Rare Disease Registries Platform. We extended this Common Data Set to also include symptoms, clinical findings and other diagnoses. In order to ensure findability, comparability and statistical analysis, symptoms, clinical findings and diagnoses have to be encoded. We evaluated three medical ontologies (SNOMED CT, HPO and LOINC) for their usefulness. With exact matches of 98% of tested medical terms, a mean number of five deposited synonyms, SNOMED CT seemed to fit our needs best. HPO and LOINC provided 73% and 31% of exacts matches of clinical terms respectively. Allowing more generic codes for a defined symptom, with SNOMED CT 99%, with HPO 89% and with LOINC 39% of terms could be encoded. Conclusions: With the use of the OSSE software and a data set, which, in addition to the Common Data Set, focuses on symptoms and clinical findings, a functioning and meaningful registry for undiagnosed patients can be implemented. The next step is the implementation of the registry in centres for rare diseases. With the help of medical informatics and big data analysis, case similarity analyses could be realized and aid as a decision-support tool enabling diagnosis of some undiagnosed patients.
The present paper aims to elucidate the conceptual structure of the aesthetics of literature.Following Fechner's "aesthetics from below" (1876) and adopting a method introduced by Jacobsen, Buchta, Kohler, and Schroeger (2004), we asked 1544 German-speaking research participants to list adjectives that they use to label aesthetic dimensions of literature in general and of individual literary forms and genres in particular (novels, short stories, poems, plays, comedies). According to our analyses of frequency, mean list rank, and the Cognitive Salience Index, beautiful and suspenseful rank highest across all target categories. For plays/comedies, funny and sad turned out to be the most relevant terms; for novels and short stories, suspenseful, interesting and romantic; and for poetry romantic, along with the music-related terms harmonious, rhythmic, and melodious. A comparison of our results with analogous studies for visual aesthetics and music yielded a comprehensive map of the distribution of aesthetic appeal dimensions across sensory modalities and aesthetic domains, with poetry and music showing the greatest overlap.
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the virtual reality training simulator Eyesi to prepare surgeons for performing pars plana vitrectomies and its potential to predict the surgeons’ performance.
Methods: In a preparation phase, four participating vitreoretinal surgeons performed repeated simulator training with predefined tasks. If a surgeon was assigned to perform a vitrectomy for the management of complex retinal detachment after a surgical break of at least 60 hours it was randomly decided whether a warmup training on the simulator was required (n = 9) or not (n = 12). Performance at the simulator was measured using the built-in scoring metrics. The surgical performance was determined by two blinded observers who analyzed the video-recorded interventions. One of them repeated the analysis to check for intra-observer consistency. The surgical performance of the interventions with and without simulator training was compared. In addition, for the surgeries with simulator training, the simulator performance was compared to the performance in the operating room.
Results: Comparing each surgeon’s performance with and without warmup trainingshowed a significant effect of warmup training onto the final outcome in the operating room. For the surgeries that were preceeded by the warmup procedure, the performance at the simulator was compared with the operating room performance. We found that there is a significant relation. The governing factor of low scores in the simulator were iatrogenic retinal holes, bleedings and lens damage. Surgeons who caused minor damage in the simulation also performed well in the operating room.
Conclusions: Despite the large variation of conditions, the effect of a warmup training as well as a relation between the performance at the simulator and in the operating room was found with statistical significance. Simulator training is able to serve as a warmup to increase the average performance.
Activated SUMOylation restricts MHC class I antigen presentation to confer immune evasion in cancer
(2022)
Activated SUMOylation is a hallmark of cancer. Starting from a targeted screening for SUMO-regulated immune evasion mechanisms, we identified an evolutionarily conserved function of activated SUMOylation, which attenuated the immunogenicity of tumor cells. Activated SUMOylation allowed cancer cells to evade CD8+ T cell–mediated immunosurveillance by suppressing the MHC class I (MHC-I) antigen-processing and presentation machinery (APM). Loss of the MHC-I APM is a frequent cause of resistance to cancer immunotherapies, and the pharmacological inhibition of SUMOylation (SUMOi) resulted in reduced activity of the transcriptional repressor scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB) and induction of the MHC-I APM. Consequently, SUMOi enhanced the presentation of antigens and the susceptibility of tumor cells to CD8+ T cell–mediated killing. Importantly, SUMOi also triggered the activation of CD8+ T cells and thereby drove a feed-forward loop amplifying the specific antitumor immune response. In summary, we showed that activated SUMOylation allowed tumor cells to evade antitumor immunosurveillance, and we have expanded the understanding of SUMOi as a rational therapeutic strategy for enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
Extensive black shale deposits formed in the Early Cretaceous South Atlantic, supporting the notion that this emerging ocean basin was a globally important site of organic carbon burial. The magnitude of organic carbon burial in marine basins is known to be controlled by various tectonic, oceanographic, hydrological, and climatic processes acting on different temporal and spatial scales, the nature and relative importance of which are poorly understood for the young South Atlantic. Here we present new bulk and molecular geochemical data from an Aptian–Albian sediment record recovered from the deep Cape Basin at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 361, which we combine with general circulation model results to identify driving mechanisms of organic carbon burial. A multimillion-year decrease (i.e., Early Aptian–Albian) in organic carbon burial, reflected in a lithological succession of black shale, gray shale, and red beds, was caused by increasing bottom water oxygenation due to abating hydrographic restriction via South Atlantic–Southern Ocean gateways. These results emphasize basin evolution and ocean gateway development as a decisive primary control on enhanced organic carbon preservation in the Cape Basin at geological timescales (> 1 Myr). The Early Aptian black shale sequence comprises alternations of shales with high (> 6 %) and relatively low (∼ 3.5 %) organic carbon content of marine sources, the former being deposited during the global Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a, as well as during repetitive intervals before and after OAE 1a. In all cases, these short-term intervals of enhanced organic carbon burial coincided with strong influxes of sediments derived from the proximal African continent, indicating closely coupled climate–land–ocean interactions. Supported by our model results, we show that fluctuations in weathering-derived nutrient input from the southern African continent, linked to changes in orbitally driven humidity and aridity, were the underlying drivers of repetitive episodes of enhanced organic carbon burial in the deep Cape Basin. These results suggest that deep marine environments of emerging ocean basins responded sensitively and directly to short-term fluctuations in riverine nutrient fluxes. We explain this relationship using the lack of wide and mature continental shelf seas that could have acted as a barrier or filter for nutrient transfer from the continent into the deep ocean.
Extensive black shale deposits formed in the Early Cretaceous South Atlantic, supporting the notion that this emerging ocean basin was a globally important site of organic carbon burial. The magnitude of organic carbon burial in marine basins is known to be controlled by various tectonic, oceanographic, hydrological, and climatic processes acting on different temporal and spatial scales, the nature and relative importance of which are poorly understood for the young South Atlantic. Here we present new bulk and molecular geochemical data from an Aptian–Albian sediment record recovered from the deep Cape Basin at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 361, which we combine with general circulation model results to identify driving mechanisms of organic carbon burial. A multi-million year decrease (i.e. Early Aptian–Albian) in organic carbon burial, reflected in a lithological succession of black shale, gray shale, and red beds, was caused by increasing bottom water oxygenation due to abating tectonic restriction via South Atlantic-Southern Ocean gateways. These results emphasize basin evolution and ocean gateway development as a decisive primary control on enhanced organic carbon preservation in the Cape Basin at geological time scales (>1 Myr). The Early Aptian black shale sequence comprises alternations of shales with high (>5%) and relatively low (~3%) organic carbon content of marine sources, the former being deposited during the global Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a, as well as during repetitive events before and after OAE 1a. In all cases, these short-term events of enhanced organic carbon burial coincided with strong influxes of sediments derived from the proximal African continent, indicating closely coupled climate–land–ocean interactions. Supported by our model results, we propose that fluctuations in weathering-derived nutrient input from the southern African continent, linked to fluctuations in pCO2 and/or orbitally driven humidity/aridity, were the underlying drivers of short-term organic carbon burial in the deep Cape Basin. These results suggest that deep marine environments of emerging ocean basins responded sensitively and directly to short term fluctuations in riverine nutrient fluxes. We explain this relationship by the lack of wide and mature continental shelf seas that could have acted as a barrier or filter for nutrient transfer from the continent into the deep ocean.