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Aufgrund der vielfältigen Parallelen zwischen 'Walden' und 'Un balcon en forêt' und der Dominanz von Landschafts- und Naturschilderungen im Werk beider Autoren scheint ein typologischer Vergleich der fraglichen Texte durchaus legitim, zumal diese auch in poetologischer Hinsicht konvergieren. Sowohl Thoreaus Bericht als auch Gracqs Roman weisen nämlich Merkmale des klassischen pastoralen Modus auf, für den Terry Gifford das Schema "retreat, renewal and return" (Gifford 1999, 174) in Anschlag bringt. Der Rückzug aufs Land beziehungsweise in die Natur impliziert demnach eine innere Reform des Helden, die seiner Rückkehr in die Stadt vorausgeht. Thoreau und Gracqs Protagonist Grange erfahren während ihres Aufenthalts im Wald gemäß dem pastoralen Paradigma einen äußeren und inneren Wandel, den ich als Naturalisierung bezeichne. Dieses "Zurück zur Natur" erweist sich in Wahrheit jedoch als Kulturalisierung, wie David Abram Iuzid schließt: "Becoming earth. Becoming anima!. Becoming, in this manner, fully human" (Abram 2010, 3). Dies meint nicht die Rückkehr zu einem naturnahen Lebensstil, sondern vielmehr die Schärfung unserer 'animalischen' Sinne für die phänomenale Realität, das heißt, die Wiederaufnahme des großen Dialogs mit der belebten und unbelebten Natur, um auf diese Weise zu einem höheren Menschsein zu gelangen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, diesen manifesten Prozess entlang der dynamischen Grenze von Kultur und Natur nachzuzeichnen und zu analysieren. Der Gewinn dieser komparatistischen Lektüre wäre dann ein besseres Verständnis zweier unterschiedlicher Naturkonzepte, die - sowohl bei Thoreau als auch bei Gracq - vom Geist der Romantik durchdrungen sind.
This study compares and analyses hetero-stereotypes in Flaubert's travelogue "Voyage en Égypte" and Bachmann's prose fictions "Wüstenbuch" and "Das Buch Franza" in order to find out to what extent Flaubert resorts to stereotypical representations of the colonial Orient, and Bachmann perpetuates, transforms, or revises Flaubert's imagological discourse in the age of postcolonialism. Whereas Flaubert's sexist and racist narrative posits white superiority, Bachmann's protagonists subvert the male hegemonic stance of her French predecessor, insisting on white and male inferiority, causing just another stereotypization of race and gender.
The Coulomb Dissociation (CD) cross sections of the stable isotopes 92,94,100Mo and of the unstable isotope 93Mo were measured at the LAND/R3B setup at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. Experimental data on these isotopes may help to explain the problem of the underproduction of 92,94Mo and 96,98Ru in the models of p-process nucleosynthesis. The CD cross sections obtained for the stable Mo isotopes are in good agreement with experiments performed with real photons, thus validating the method of Coulomb Dissociation. The result for the reaction 93Mo(γ,n) is especially important since the corresponding cross section has not been measured before. A preliminary integral Coulomb Dissociation cross section of the 94Mo(γ,n) reaction is presented. Further analysis will complete the experimental database for the (γ,n) production chain of the p-isotopes of molybdenum.
Background and Aims: In patients with advanced liver cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection antiviral therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin is feasible in selected cases only due to potentially life-threatening side effects. However, predictive factors associated with hepatic decompensation during antiviral therapy are poorly defined.
Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, 68 patients with HCV-associated liver cirrhosis (mean MELD score 9.18±2.72) were treated with peginterferon and ribavirin. Clinical events indicating hepatic decompensation (onset of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hospitalization) as well as laboratory data were recorded at baseline and during a follow up period of 72 weeks after initiation of antiviral therapy. To monitor long term sequelae of end stage liver disease an extended follow up for HCC development, transplantation and death was applied (240weeks, ±SD 136weeks).
Results: Eighteen patients (26.5%) achieved a sustained virologic response. During the observational period a hepatic decompensation was observed in 36.8%. Patients with hepatic decompensation had higher MELD scores (10.84 vs. 8.23, p<0.001) and higher mean bilirubin levels (26.74 vs. 14.63 µmol/l, p<0.001), as well as lower serum albumin levels (38.2 vs. 41.1 g/l, p = 0.015), mean platelets (102.64 vs. 138.95/nl, p = 0.014) and mean leukocytes (4.02 vs. 5.68/nl, p = 0.002) at baseline as compared to those without decompensation. In the multivariate analysis the MELD score remained independently associated with hepatic decompensation (OR 1.56, 1.18–2.07; p = 0.002). When the patients were grouped according to their baseline MELD scores, hepatic decompensation occurred in 22%, 59%, and 83% of patients with MELD scores of 6–9, 10–13, and >14, respectively. Baseline MELD score was significantly associated with the risk for transplantation/death (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Our data suggest that the baseline MELD score predicts the risk of hepatic decompensation during antiviral therapy and thus contributes to decision making when antiviral therapy is discussed in HCV patients with advanced liver cirrhosis.