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The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p–Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.
Abschied von der Romantik : Inszenierungen des Epochenwandels bei Tieck, Eichendorff und Büchner
(2004)
Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass es zwischen ca. 1835–1840 in der Erzählliteratur zu einem gehäuften Auftreten romantischer Stoffe und Motive kommt, wird deren Verwendung in vier zeitgenössischen Erzählungen von Tieck, Eichendorff und Büchner näher untersucht. So sehr sich einige Texte auf der Oberfläche als "romantisch" präsentieren, so handelt es sich doch nurmehr um das Zitat romantischer Modelle, deren Semantik zugleich stark transformiert ist. Im Mittelpunkt der untersuchten Texte steht das Problem der "Regression" auf eine "alte poetische Zeit", die nun mit einer (Psycho)Pathologisierung und/oder Kriminalisierung des Figurenverhaltens verknüpft wird. Die Reinszenierung von "Romantik", so kann gezeigt werden, etabliert eine Metaebene, auf der die Texte ihren eigenen literarhistorischen Ort als einen "post-romantischen" reflektieren, und stellt selbst eine Form des definitiven Abschieds von der Romantik dar.
Zahlreiche Elemente des Volksaberglaubens erfahren in der Literatur der Goethezeit und speziell der Romantik eine Neufunktionalisierung, und zwar vor allem im Rahmen des epochalen Erzählmodells der „Initiationsgeschichte“. Der „Liebeszauber“ ist eines der bekanntesten dieser Elemente und einer der beliebtesten Motivkomplexe der romantischen Literatur. Er repräsentiert eine der Gefahren, die dem Jüngling auf dem Wege der psychosexuellen Selbstfindung drohen können: Liebe, die der goethezeitlichen Anthropologie als notwendig zum Erreichen personaler Autonomie und zur Selbstfindung des Subjekts gilt, gerät hier zur Erfahrung von extremer Heteronomie; im Liebeswahnsinn verfällt das Subjekt einer solipsistisch-autoerotischen und projektiven Liebe. Ab 1825 beginnt dieses romantische Modell allmählich auszulaufen, doch stößt man in der zweiten Hälfte der 30er Jahre auf eine auffällige erneute Präsenz des Liebeszauber-Stoffs. Franz von Gaudy lässt 1838 einen Novellenzyklus Venetianische Novellen erscheinen, darunter solche mit dem Titel Liebeszauber und Frau Venus; Hermann Kurz publiziert in einer seiner ersten Sammlungen, Dichtungen von 1839, ebenfalls eine Novelle mit dem Titel Liebeszauber. An Hand der beiden genannten Liebeszauber-Novellen der heute (zu Unrecht) weitgehend vergessenen Autoren werden Transformationen dieses Erzählmodells näher untersucht.
As new generations of targeted therapies emerge and tumor genome sequencing discovers increasingly comprehensive mutation repertoires, the functional relationships of mutations to tumor phenotypes remain largely unknown. Here, we measured ex vivo sensitivity of 246 blood cancers to 63 drugs alongside genome, transcriptome, and DNA methylome analysis to understand determinants of drug response. We assembled a primary blood cancer cell encyclopedia data set that revealed disease-specific sensitivities for each cancer. Within chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), responses to 62% of drugs were associated with 2 or more mutations, and linked the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway to trisomy 12, an important driver of CLL. Based on drug responses, the disease could be organized into phenotypic subgroups characterized by exploitable dependencies on BCR, mTOR, or MEK signaling and associated with mutations, gene expression, and DNA methylation. Fourteen percent of CLLs were driven by mTOR signaling in a non–BCR-dependent manner. Multivariate modeling revealed immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene (IGHV) mutation status and trisomy 12 as the most important modulators of response to kinase inhibitors in CLL. Ex vivo drug responses were associated with outcome. This study overcomes the perception that most mutations do not influence drug response of cancer, and points to an updated approach to understanding tumor biology, with implications for biomarker discovery and cancer care.
Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with neurodegenerative diseases in the LEOSS cohort
(2021)
The impact of preexisting neurodegenerative diseases on superimposed SARS-CoV-2 infections remains controversial. Here we examined the course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia compared to matched controls without neurodegenerative diseases in the LEOSS (Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2-infected patients) cohort, a large-scale prospective multicenter cohort study...
Objectives: An increasing number of treatment-determining biomarkers has been identified in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and molecular testing is recommended to enable optimal individualized treatment. However, data on implementation of these recommendations in the “real-world” setting are scarce. This study presents comprehensive details on the frequency, methodology and results of biomarker testing of advanced NSCLC in Germany.
Patients and methods: This analysis included 3,717 patients with advanced NSCLC (2,921 non-squamous; 796 squamous), recruited into the CRISP registry at start of systemic therapy by 150 German sites between December 2015 and June 2019. Evaluated were the molecular biomarkers EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, KRAS, MET, TP53, RET, HER2, as well as expression of PD-L1.
Results: In total, 90.5 % of the patients were tested for biomarkers. Testing rates were 92.2 % (non-squamous), 70.7 % (squamous) and increased from 83.2 % in 2015/16 to 94.2% in 2019. Overall testing rates for EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF were 72.5 %, 74.5 %, 66.1 %, and 53.0 %, respectively (non-squamous). Testing rates for PD-L1 expression were 64.5 % (non-squamous), and 58.5 % (squamous). The most common testing methods were immunohistochemistry (68.5 % non-squamous, 58.3 % squamous), and next-generation sequencing (38.7 % non-squamous, 14.4 % squamous). Reasons for not testing were insufficient tumor material or lack of guideline recommendations (squamous). No alteration was found in 37.8 % (non-squamous), and 57.9 % (squamous), respectively. Most common alterations in non-squamous tumors (all patients/all patients tested for the respective biomarker): KRAS (17.3 %/39.2 %), TP53 (14.1 %/51.4 %), and EGFR (11.0 %/15.1 %); in squamous tumors: TP53 (7.0 %/69.1 %), MET (1.5 %/11.1 %), and EGFR (1.1 %/4.4 %). Median PFS (non-squamous) was 8.7 months (95 % CI 7.4–10.4) with druggable EGFR mutation, and 8.0 months (95 % CI 3.9–9.2) with druggable ALK alterations.
Conclusion: Testing rates in Germany are high nationwide and acceptable in international comparison, but still leave out a significant portion of patients, who could potentially benefit. Thus, specific measures are needed to increase implementation.
Electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) is being developed to complement dilepton spectrometer HADES. ECAL will enable the HADES@FAIR experiment to measure data on neutral meson production in heavy ion collisions at the energy range of 2-10 AGeV on the beam of future accelerator SIS100@FAIR. We will report results of the last beam test with quasi-monoenergetic photons carried out in MAMI facility at Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz.