Universitätspublikationen
Refine
Year of publication
- 2022 (136) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (82)
- Doctoral Thesis (32)
- Preprint (19)
- Contribution to a Periodical (2)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (136)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (136)
Keywords
- Podospora anserina (4)
- Conservation biology (3)
- aging (3)
- alternative splicing (3)
- mitochondria (3)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biosynthesis (2)
- Cellular microbiology (2)
- Community ecology (2)
- Ecology (2)
- MICOS (2)
- Modification (2)
- NMR (2)
- RNA (2)
- SARS-CoV-2 (2)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2)
- Taxonomy (2)
- Triatominae (2)
- Trypanosoma cruzi (2)
- bats (2)
- community composition (2)
- cristae (2)
- fungi (2)
- gene expression (2)
- long non-coding RNA (2)
- 5′-UTR (1)
- ATG24 (1)
- Acetogen (1)
- Acetogenesis (1)
- Acetogenic bacteria (1)
- Acid transporters (1)
- Aging (1)
- Anisakidae, Pseudoterranova decipiens Komplex, Transkriptom, Verbreitung, Zoonose (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Arctic Ocean (1)
- Ascomycota (1)
- Assignment (1)
- Bacterial genes (1)
- Bacterial structural biology (1)
- Basidiomycota (1)
- Behaviour (1)
- Benthos (1)
- Bioengineering (1)
- Biogeography (1)
- Biohydrogen (1)
- Biological anthropology (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Bioreactor (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Body burden (1)
- Bogert’s rule (1)
- Butyrate (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- COVID19-NMR (1)
- CaMPARI (1)
- Carbon cycling (1)
- Cardiac regeneration (1)
- Cardiac remodeling (1)
- Cell Biology (1)
- Chagas (1)
- Chaperones (1)
- Chironomus riparius (1)
- Climate-change ecology (1)
- Closely related fungal species (1)
- Coevolution (1)
- Computational model (1)
- Coronaries (1)
- Cortex (1)
- Cortical column (1)
- Crustacea (1)
- Cryoelectron microscopy (1)
- Cryoelectron tomography (1)
- DEPDC5 (1)
- Dark fermentation (1)
- Deep sea (1)
- Development (1)
- Dicarboxylic acids (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- ER (1)
- Ecological niche modelling (1)
- Ecotoxicogenomics (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Embryogenesis (1)
- Endocrine disruptors (1)
- Endothelial (1)
- Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Entolomataceae (1)
- Entorrhizales (1)
- Environmental health (1)
- Environmental sciences (1)
- Environmental studies (1)
- Ethylmalonyl-CoA (1)
- Europe (1)
- European Union (1)
- Evolutionary genetics (1)
- Extracellular matrix (1)
- Fagaceae (1)
- Fluorescence imaging (1)
- Functional genomics (1)
- Fungal pan-genomes (1)
- G3BP1 (1)
- GRAND-SLAM (1)
- Gal2 (1)
- Galakturonsäure (1)
- Global warming (1)
- HER (1)
- Habitat transfer (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Heart (1)
- Hi-C (1)
- Host-parasite interaction (1)
- Hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (HDCR) (1)
- Hypercolumn (1)
- IDP (1)
- Intestinal bacterial community (1)
- Laurasiatheria (1)
- Lifespan (1)
- Light dark transition test (1)
- Light-sheet microscopy (1)
- Limnology (1)
- Macrozoobenthos (1)
- Mawson Bank (1)
- Mechanisms of disease (1)
- Meliolales (1)
- Metabolic Engineering (1)
- Metagenomic shotgun sequencing (1)
- Metamorphosis (1)
- Methylorubrum extorquens (1)
- Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 (1)
- Methylotroph (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Microbotryales (1)
- Microenvironment (1)
- Microplastic (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Mikrobiom (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mitochondrial proteases (1)
- Molecular biology (1)
- Morphogenesis (1)
- Multienzyme complexes (1)
- Myocardial infarction (1)
- Myotis bechsteinii (1)
- NW Pacific (1)
- Nanoplastic (1)
- Neotropic (1)
- Neural circuits (1)
- Neural map (1)
- Neuroscience (1)
- New species (1)
- Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (1)
- Nyctalus leisleri (1)
- Obituary (1)
- Optimal wiring (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Organophosphates (1)
- Orientation preference (1)
- Oxygen (1)
- Particle toxicity (1)
- Pathogenesis (1)
- Pelagic (1)
- Peptide natural products (1)
- Phenology (1)
- Photosynthesis (1)
- Phylogenetics (1)
- Phylogeny (1)
- Pinwheel (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Product reuptake (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Psychology (1)
- QuEChERS (1)
- Quercus frainetto (1)
- Quercus pubescens (1)
- R-INLA (1)
- REM sleep (1)
- RNA sequencing (1)
- RNA stability (1)
- RNA turnover (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Range expansion (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Rep gene (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Respiratory chain (1)
- Rhodnius prolixus (1)
- Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (1)
- Ribosomen, rRNA Prozessierung, snoRNA, Ribosomenbiogenesefaktoren (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Ross Sea (1)
- SL5b (1)
- SL5b + c (1)
- SL5c (1)
- SLAM-seq (1)
- SNPs (1)
- SR proteins (1)
- Scale-up (1)
- Scrotifera (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Sensorimotor processing (1)
- Sensory processing (1)
- Shallow water (1)
- Smut fungi (1)
- Solution NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Species distribution modelling (1)
- Species richness (1)
- Streams (1)
- Sustainable chemistry (1)
- Temperature preference (1)
- Tragelaphus oryx (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Trimethylamine biosynthesis (1)
- Trypanosoma rangeli (1)
- Ustilaginales (1)
- Visual cortex (1)
- Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (1)
- Zebrafish (1)
- Zebrafish eleutheroembryo (1)
- acetogenic bacteria (1)
- acetogenic metabolism (1)
- acoustic stream (1)
- acquisition strategy (1)
- adaptive transgenerational plasticity (1)
- additive manufacturing (1)
- adipogenesis (1)
- algae (1)
- annual plants (1)
- anomaly zone (1)
- arabinose (1)
- articular chondrocytes (1)
- assembly gaps (1)
- assisted migration (1)
- attitudes towards species conservation (1)
- automated radiotelemetry system (1)
- autophagy (1)
- bacteria (1)
- behaviour (1)
- benchmarking (1)
- benthic fauna (1)
- biofilm (1)
- bioreactor (1)
- biosonar (1)
- birds (1)
- boundary patrolling (1)
- carbon capture (1)
- cardiolipin (1)
- carotenogenic pathways (1)
- carotenoid biosynthesis (1)
- carotenoid distribution (1)
- carotenoid pathway engineering (1)
- central place foraging (1)
- checklist (1)
- chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- chromosomes (1)
- climate (1)
- climate change (1)
- co-transcriptional regulation (1)
- color (1)
- community ecology (1)
- community mean (1)
- connection to nature (1)
- conservation (1)
- cotransformation (1)
- cytosolic free calcium (1)
- de novo transcription (1)
- deep learning (1)
- deep sea (1)
- depth (1)
- dermosphere (1)
- differentiation diversity (1)
- digital student lab (1)
- discrete choice modeling (1)
- distribution (1)
- diurnal variation (1)
- endocrine-disrupting chemicals (1)
- energy-converting hydrogenase (Ech) (1)
- environmental attitudes (1)
- environmental education (1)
- environmental gradients (1)
- exon coalescence (1)
- exon concatenation (1)
- expression system (1)
- extremophile (1)
- fermentation (1)
- flowering (1)
- foraging site fidelity (1)
- foraging site switching (1)
- forest management (1)
- formate oxidation (1)
- gas exchange (1)
- generalised additive models (1)
- genome architecture (1)
- genome assembly (1)
- genomic diversity (1)
- genomics (1)
- grasslands (1)
- gravity (1)
- growth promotion (1)
- guided zoo tours (1)
- hands-on elements (1)
- heat stress (1)
- heathlands (1)
- herbaria (1)
- high temperature (1)
- high throughput screening (1)
- hydrogen storage (1)
- hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (1)
- hydrogenation of CO2 (1)
- hyperparasitic fungi (1)
- hyperparasitism (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- inbreeding (1)
- inter- seasonal predictability (1)
- lab motivation scale (LMS) (1)
- learning technology (1)
- liver cancer (1)
- long sequencing reads (1)
- mTOR (1)
- machine learning (1)
- membrane trafficking (1)
- metabarcoding (1)
- metabolic disruptors (1)
- mitohormesis (1)
- monocytes (1)
- morphology (1)
- moth indicator groups (1)
- movement (1)
- multi-generation experiment (1)
- naturalistic stimuli (1)
- nature connectedness (1)
- network analysis (1)
- neural coding (1)
- neurobiology (1)
- neuroethology (1)
- neurosimulation (1)
- nightly behavior (1)
- non-target chemical analysis (1)
- nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (1)
- northern giraffe (1)
- obesogens (1)
- open-source 3D bioprinting (1)
- organoids (1)
- parabolic flight (1)
- parasitism (1)
- pathway (1)
- peroxisomes (1)
- phenology (1)
- plasmid (1)
- plasmid copy number (1)
- population genomics (1)
- population structure (1)
- posture estimation (1)
- pre-mRNA (1)
- predation (1)
- proteoliposomes, (1)
- proton translocation (1)
- qH2 (1)
- random forest (1)
- reaction mechanisms (1)
- repeat elements (1)
- retrophylogenomics (1)
- ribosomes, Arabiodpsis thaliana, pre-rRNA processing, snoRNA, (1)
- root allocation strategy (1)
- root functional traits (1)
- roots (1)
- runs of homozygosity (1)
- selection gradients (1)
- serine/arginine-rich proteins (1)
- shallow water (1)
- silicate (1)
- small animals (1)
- spatial modelling (1)
- splicing (1)
- splicing regulation (1)
- stairway plot (1)
- stereolithography (1)
- stochastic factors (1)
- sugar uptake (1)
- tRNA (1)
- tRackIT (1)
- tafazzin (1)
- teaching tool (1)
- technology acceptance model (TAM) (1)
- thermal-melanism hypothesis (1)
- tight junctions (1)
- traits (1)
- trisporic acids (1)
- tritrophic interaction (1)
- tumor microenvironment (1)
- tumor model (1)
- vascular integrity (1)
- video action classification (1)
- warming (1)
- whole-cell catalysis (1)
- wolf (1)
- xylose (1)
- zoo education (1)
Institute
- Biowissenschaften (136) (remove)
Weltweit werden etwa 17% aller Infektionskrankheiten von Vektoren auf den Menschen übertragen. Dabei dienen meist blutsaugende Arthropoden wie Stechmücken, Zecken oder Sandfliegen als Überträger von Bakterien, Viren oder einzelligen Parasiten. Zur letzteren Gruppe gehört auch der protozoische Erreger der Chagas-Krankheit Trypanosoma cruzi. Er wird von hämatophagen Triatominae, einer Unterfamilie der Raubwanzen (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) während der Blutmahlzeit an einem infizierten Säugerwirt aufgenommen, durchläuft komplexe Entwicklungsschritte im intestinalen Trakt der triatominen Insekten und wird anschließend über den Fäzes und Urin der Wanzen abgegeben. Die Infektion des nächsten Wirts erfolgt dann durch das versehentliche Einreiben der Erreger in die Stichwunde oder auf Schleimhäute. Auch eine Infektion über die orale Aufnahme von kontaminierter Nahrung, Mutter-Kind-Infektionen und die Übertragung durch Blutkonserven und Organtransplantate sind möglich. Die Chagas‑Krankheit, oder auch Amerikanische Trypanosomiasis, ist insbesondere in Mittel- und Südamerika verbreitet und betrifft nach Schätzungen der WHO 6 bis 7 Millionen Menschen. Infolge von globaler Immigration und erhöhtem Reiseverkehr treten jedoch in den letzten Jahrzehnten auch vermehrt Fälle in Europa, den USA, Kanada und den westlichen Pazifikstaaten auf. Da dort bislang geeignete Vektoren fehlen, kommt es außerhalb des lateinamerikanischen Kontinents nicht zu vektorübertragenen Infektionen. Dies könnte sich jedoch im Zuge des Klimawandels und einer voranschreitenden Globalisierung ändern, sollte der Ausbreitung der Chagas-Krankheit eine Ausbreitung ihrer triatominen Vektoren folgen.
Inwieweit Triatominae unter heutigen Bedingungen klimatisch geeignete Habitate außerhalb des amerikanischen Kontinents finden, wurde innerhalb des ersten Projekts der vorliegenden Dissertation untersucht. Dazu wurde mit Hilfe der ökologischen Nischenmodellierung und Vorkommensdaten verschiedener vektorkompetenter Raubwanzenarten sowie klimatischer Umweltvariablen die klimatische Eignung verschiedenster Lebensräume modelliert und global projiziert. Es zeigte sich, dass insbesondere tropische und subtropische Gebiete Afrikas sowie Ost- und Südostasiens zwischen 21° nördlicher Breite und 24° südlicher Breite für viele triatomine Vektorarten geeignete Bedingungen aufweisen. Auffällig ist dabei insbesondere die Art Triatoma rubrofasciata, welche nachweislich bereits in Südchina, Vietnam und weiteren Ländern Afrikas und Asiens gefunden wurde. Die Modellierung
offenbarte, dass weitere ausgedehnte Teile der Küstenregionen Afrikas und Südostasiens als für T. rubrofasciata klimatisch geeignet angesehen werden müssen. Eine weitere Ausbreitung dieser Art ist demnach äußerst wahrscheinlich und stellt bislang das größte Risiko autochthon übertragener Chagas-Infektionen außerhalb des amerikanischen Kontinents dar. Es konnten außerdem zwei triatomine Arten identifiziert werden, namentlich T. infestans und T. sordida, welche in gemäßigten Klimazonen geeignete Habitate finden. Zu diesen gehören beispielsweise Neuseeland und Teile Australiens, aber auch südeuropäische Länder wie Spanien, Italien, Griechenland und Portugal. Da mit einer Ausweitung der klimatisch geeigneten Gebiete infolge des sich verändernden Klimas zu rechnen ist, wäre ein Monitoring der Vektoren, wie es bereits in Südchina etabliert ist, aber insbesondere die Einführung der Meldepflicht für Amerikanische Trypanosomiasis in diesen Regionen sinnvoll. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen deutlich, dass die bisher vernachlässigte Tropenkrankheit Chagas nicht allein ein Problem des lateinamerikanischen Kontinents ist, sondern deren Erforschung vielmehr weltweit Beachtung finden sollte.
So konzentrierten sich die folgenden Forschungsprojekte der Promotion verstärkt auf die Mechanismen, welche die Entwicklung und Transmission des Parasiten und die Interaktion mit seinen Vektoren betreffen. Von besonderem Interesse waren dabei die ökologischen Prozesse, welche bei der Kolonisation des Darmtrakts der Vektoren durch T. cruzi ablaufen und essentiell für die Proliferation und damit die Übertragung des Parasiten sind. Eine entscheidende Rolle spielen dabei die mit dem Vektor assoziierten Mikroorganismen und ihre funktionellen Fähigkeiten – zusammengefasst als Mikrobiom bezeichnet. Dieses erfüllt wichtige physiologische Funktionen des Insekts und kann beispielsweise das Immunsystem und die Detoxifikation beeinflussen. Um die Veränderungen der organismischen Zusammensetzung und der funktionellen Kapazitäten, welche die Infektion mit dem Pathogen im Darmtrakt der Vektoren auslösen, zu untersuchen, wurde ein metagenomischer Shotgun Sequenzierungsansatz gewählt. Die daraus resultierenden Datensätze wurden anschließend bioinformatisch ausgewertet und auf ihre mikrobielle Zusammensetzung und metabolischen Fähigkeiten hin untersucht. Es zeigte sich zunächst, dass das Bakterium Rhodococcus rhodnii, welches lange als alleiniger echter Symbiont des untersuchten Vektors Rhodnius prolixus galt, in seiner Funktionalität nicht einzigartig im Mikrobiom des Insekts ist. ...
The increasing demand of the high value ω-3 fatty acids due to its beneficial role for human health, explains the huge need for alternative production ways of ω-3 fatty acids. The oleaginous alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a prominent candidate and has been investigated as biofactory for ω-3 fatty acids, e.g. the synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In general, the growth and the lipid content of diatoms can be enhanced by genetic engineering or are influenced by environmental factors, e.g. nutrients, light or temperature.
In this study, the potential of P. tricornutum as biofactory was improved by heterologously expressing the hexose uptake protein 1 (HUP1) from the Chlorophyte Chlorella kessleri.
An in situ localization study revealed that only the full length HUP1 protein fused to eGFP was correctly targeted to the plasma membrane, whereas the N-terminal sequence of the protein is only sufficient to enter the ER. Protein and gene expression data displayed that the gene-promoter combination was relevant for the expression level of HUP1, while only cells expressing the protein under the light-inducible fcpA promoter showed a significant expression. In these mutants an efficient glucose uptake was detectable under mixotrophic growth condition, low light intensities and low glucose concentrations leading to an increased cell dry weight.
In a second approach, the growth and lipid content of wildtype cells were analyzed in a small 1l photobioreactor. Here, a commercial F/2 medium and a common culture medium, ASP and modified versions were compared. There was neither a significant impact on the growth and lipid content in P. tricornutum cells due to the supplemention of trace elements nor due to elevated salt concentrations in the media. In a modified version of ASP medium, with adapted nitrate and phosphate concentration a constantly high biomass productivity was achieved, yielding the highest value of 82 mg l-1 d-1 during the first three days. This was achieved even though light intensity was reduced by 40%. The differences in biomass productivity as well as the lipid content and the lipid composition underlined the importance of the choice of culture medium and the harvest time for enhanced growth and EPA yields in P. tricornutum.
Wie Zootiere kommunizieren
(2022)
With 5-10 newly diagnosed patients per 100,000 people every year, glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Despite extensive research activity in the last decades, clinical effectiveness of the currently available therapy standard of surgery, radiochemotherapy and tumor-treating fields is still limited and mean survival rates in unselected collectives are only about one year. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to explore new therapeutic options. The current standard of care includes surgery followed by radiation therapy in combination with the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent Temozolomide. Even with successful initial therapy, tumor recurrence is still inevitable. Currently, there are no defined recommendations for clinical management of the disease in the event of tumor recurrence. Only 20-30% of patients qualify for a second surgical resection, while other options include retreatment with Temozolomide, CCNU (Lomustine) or Regorafenib and enrollment in a clinical trial.
The development of immunotherapies for glioblastoma, in particular, has been the focus of intense preclinical and clinical efforts. However, low numbers of mutations and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment result in glioblastoma being considered an immunologically “cold” tumor. Strategies successfully established in mutagen-induced tumors with antibodies directed against the PD-1, PD-L1 or CTLA-A4 immune checkpoints have therefore failed in glioblastoma.
Cellular immunotherapies based on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-technology have emerged as an alternative powerful option to tackle immunologically “cold” tumors. Several CAR-T cell products targeting glioma antigens have been developed and some evidence of clinical activity has been demonstrated. Natural killer (NK) cells as carriers of CAR constructs have several advantages over T cells, including a much lower risk of neurotoxicity and better interaction with immune cells in the microenvironment. Based on the human NK cell line NK-92, a clinical-grade product, suitable as an off-the-shelf therapeutic, has been developed. The NK-92/5.28.z clone (CAR-NK) expresses a CAR based on the HER2-specific antibody FRP5 in addition to signal-enhancing CD28 and CD3ζ domains. Similar to several other tumor entities, overexpression of the growth factor receptor HER2 is often found in glioblastoma patients. Because of its substantial role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, angiogenesis and invasion, this receptor is classified as an oncogene. HER2 overexpression plays a major role in the malignant transformation of cells and its oncogenic potential has been studied in detail in breast cancer. However, HER2 expression was also found in up to 80% of glioblastomas, which correlates with an impaired probability of survival. Under physiological conditions, HER2 is not expressed in the adult central nervous system, making it a promising target antigen for glioblastoma immunotherapy.
In previous projects, it has already been shown that these CAR-NK cells exhibit a high and specific lytic activity towards HER2+ glioblastoma cells. While repetitive intratumoral injections of CAR-NK cells already significantly extended symptom-free survival in murine orthotopic xenograft models, CAR-NK cell therapy in immunocompetent mice promotes an endogenous anti-tumor immune response which improves tumor control and provides persisting anti-tumor immunity after therapy of early-stage tumors. However, in more advanced tumor models, efficacy is limited and induction of the checkpoint-molecule PD-L1 in response to CAR-NK-cell therapy was identified as a key mechanism of therapy resistance.
Immunotherapy employing the intravenous administration of checkpoint inhibitors has already revolutionized the treatment of various malignant diseases such as melanoma or lung cancer. In particular, the approach of cancer immunotherapy has focused on the systemic administration of antibodies directed against immune checkpoints such as PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4. In glioblastoma, both tumor cells and microglia, the brain-resident macrophages, express PD-L1, which hinders the activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Therefore, immunotherapy directed against the PD-1/PD-L1 axis represents a promising approach for the treatment of glioblastoma. One problem, however, is the severe toxicity caused by the systemic effects of checkpoint inhibitors, since the immune response is stimulated not only in tumor tissue but also in healthy organs. Serious side effects such as colitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis or hypophysitis, including numerous deaths, have been reported.
This study aimed to improve the efficacy of CAR-NK cell therapy by combining it with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated transfer of anti-PD-1 antibodies as a strategy to enable local combination therapy to control intracranial tumors.
AAVs carrying a payload coding for an anti-PD-1 immunoadhesin (aPD-1) retargeted to HER2-expressing cells by fusion of so-called Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) with a viral capsid protein were employed for this to focus checkpoint inhibitor therapy to the tumor area, resulting in high intratumoral and low systemic drug concentrations. ...