Universitätspublikationen
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (1542)
- Preprint (961)
- Doctoral Thesis (377)
- Conference Proceeding (227)
- Bachelor Thesis (74)
- Master's Thesis (61)
- Contribution to a Periodical (46)
- Book (29)
- Part of Periodical (27)
- Diploma Thesis (22)
Keywords
- Heavy Ion Experiments (20)
- BESIII (17)
- LHC (15)
- Hadron-Hadron Scattering (11)
- Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) (11)
- e +-e − Experiments (11)
- Heavy-ion collisions (10)
- Relativistic heavy-ion collisions (10)
- ALICE (9)
- Branching fraction (9)
- Heavy-ion collision (8)
- QCD (8)
- Black holes (7)
- Equation of state (7)
- Lattice QCD (7)
- Particle and Resonance Production (7)
- QCD phase diagram (7)
- HADES (6)
- Ionenstrahl (6)
- Quark-Gluon Plasma (6)
- Quarkonium (6)
- equation of state (6)
- focused electron beam induced deposition (6)
- Charmonium (5)
- Collective Flow (5)
- Electronic properties and materials (5)
- Hadronic decays (5)
- Jets (5)
- Magnetic properties and materials (5)
- Quantum chromodynamics (5)
- RHIC (5)
- Strahldynamik (5)
- Teilchenbeschleuniger (5)
- Toroidales Magnetfeld (5)
- density functional theory (5)
- heavy-ion collisions (5)
- radiation-induced nanostructures (5)
- ALICE experiment (4)
- Atomic and molecular interactions with photons (4)
- Beschleunigerphysik (4)
- Branching fractions (4)
- CBM (4)
- Charm Physics (4)
- Charm physics (4)
- Charmed mesons (4)
- Cryoelectron microscopy (4)
- Dyson–Schwinger equations (4)
- Electroweak interaction (4)
- FAIR (4)
- FEBID (4)
- Fluctuations (4)
- Gross-Neveu model (4)
- Heavy Ion Collisions (4)
- Heavy Ions (4)
- Lepton colliders (4)
- Monte-Carlo-Simulation (4)
- Nuclear reactions (4)
- Particle and resonance production (4)
- Phase transitions and critical phenomena (4)
- Polarization (4)
- QCD equation of state (4)
- Quark-gluon plasma (4)
- Quasi-free scattering (4)
- RFQ (4)
- Spectroscopy (4)
- inhomogeneous phases (4)
- mean-field (4)
- phase diagram (4)
- phase transition (4)
- quark-gluon plasma (4)
- stability analysis (4)
- synaptic plasticity (4)
- Beschleuniger (3)
- Compact stars (3)
- Cross section (3)
- D-wave (3)
- Emittanz (3)
- Energy system design (3)
- Exotics (3)
- Experimental nuclear physics (3)
- Experimental particle physics (3)
- Extra dimensions (3)
- FOS: Physical sciences (3)
- Fisher information (3)
- Flow (3)
- Gabor lens (3)
- General relativity (3)
- Guided waves (3)
- HBT (3)
- Heavy ion collisions (3)
- Hebbian learning (3)
- I-wave (3)
- Initial state radiation (3)
- Inverse kinematics (3)
- Jets and Jet Substructure (3)
- Magnetic field (3)
- Neutron star (3)
- Neutron stars (3)
- Nonperturbative methods (3)
- Nuclear Physics (3)
- Particle decays (3)
- Phase Diagram of QCD (3)
- Physics (3)
- Proteins (3)
- Proton (3)
- Quantum field theory (3)
- Quantum gravity (3)
- Quark-Gluon-Plasma (3)
- Quark–gluon plasma (3)
- Radiative capture (3)
- Relativistic kinetic theory (3)
- Schwerionenphysik (3)
- Spectroscopic factors (3)
- Speicherring (3)
- Strangeness (3)
- Superconducting properties and materials (3)
- beam dynamics (3)
- brain stimulation (3)
- compartmental neuron model (3)
- computational model (3)
- correlated electrons (3)
- cosmological constant (3)
- dark energy (3)
- deep learning (3)
- detector (3)
- e+-e− Experiments (3)
- elliptic flow (3)
- game theory (3)
- gravitational waves (3)
- heavy ion collisions (3)
- heavy ions (3)
- hyperons (3)
- lattice QCD (3)
- moat regime (3)
- motor cortex (3)
- multi-scale modeling (3)
- neutron stars (3)
- objective functions (3)
- pp collisions (3)
- quantum chromodynamics (3)
- relativistic heavy-ion collisions (3)
- strangeness (3)
- terahertz (3)
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (3)
- transport theory (3)
- two-point function (3)
- wave-function renormalization (3)
- α-RuCl3 (3)
- 3D printing (2)
- Accelerators & Beams (2)
- Activation (2)
- AdS-CFT Correspondence (2)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics (2)
- Atomic, Molecular & Optical (2)
- Beauty production (2)
- Bethe–Salpeter equation (2)
- Bhabha (2)
- Biochemistry (2)
- Biophysics (2)
- Biophysics and structural biology (2)
- Black hole (2)
- Boltzmann equation (2)
- CBM Experiment (2)
- CBM experiment (2)
- Casimir effect (2)
- Chemical physics (2)
- Chiral phase transition (2)
- Chiral symmetry (2)
- Chiral symmetry restoration (2)
- Color superconductivity (2)
- Complex networks (2)
- Computersimulation (2)
- Conformal Field Theory (2)
- Conserved charge fluctuations (2)
- Control System (2)
- Cryo-electron microscopy (2)
- Datenanalyse (2)
- Detector (2)
- Diffusion (2)
- Dileptonen (2)
- Dissertation (2)
- Doku Mittelstufe (2)
- Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (2)
- EPICS (2)
- Electromagnetic probes (2)
- Electronic structure of atoms and molecules (2)
- Electroweak Interaction (2)
- Elliptic flow (2)
- Event-by-event fluctuations (2)
- FRANZ (2)
- FRANZ-Projekt (2)
- Finite temperature field theory (2)
- Functional Renormalization Group (2)
- Functional renormalization group (2)
- GSI (2)
- Gabor-Linse (2)
- Gammaspektroskopie (2)
- Gauge-gravity correspondence (2)
- Gravitational waves (2)
- Hadron (2)
- Hadron-hadron interactions (2)
- Hadronic cross section (2)
- Heavy Ion Phenomenology (2)
- Heavy Quark Production (2)
- Heavy baryons (2)
- Heavy flavor (2)
- Heavy-flavour production (2)
- Heavy-ion (2)
- Heavy-ion Collisions (2)
- Hubbard model (2)
- Hybrid mesons (2)
- Hypernuclei (2)
- Hyperons (2)
- Injektionssystem (2)
- Ionenbeschleuniger (2)
- Kaons (2)
- Kernmaterie (2)
- Ladder-RFQ (2)
- Large-scale integration of renewable power generation (2)
- Laser-produced plasmas (2)
- Lattice Quantum Field Theory (2)
- Lattice field theory (2)
- Learning (2)
- Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments) (2)
- Leptonic, semileptonic & radiative decays (2)
- MAPS (2)
- Minimal length (2)
- Molekulardynamik (2)
- Monte Carlo simulations (2)
- Muon anomaly (2)
- NA61/SHINE (2)
- Nanoscale materials (2)
- Neuronales Netz (2)
- Neutron Star (2)
- Nuclear astrophysics (2)
- Nuclear matter (2)
- Nuclear modification factor (2)
- Nuclear resonance fluorescence (2)
- Nucleon induced nuclear reactions (2)
- Nucleus–nucleus collisions (2)
- Nukleosynthese (2)
- Numerical Relativity (2)
- PELDOR/DEER spectroscopy (2)
- Particle Accelerator (2)
- Particle Correlations and Fluctuations (2)
- Particle correlations and fluctuations (2)
- Pb–Pb collisions (2)
- Phase transitions (2)
- Physik (2)
- Pion form factor (2)
- Plasma Physics (2)
- Plasma-based accelerators (2)
- Protonenstrahl (2)
- QCD Phenomenology (2)
- QCD phase transition (2)
- QGP (2)
- Quantenchromodynamik (2)
- Quark deconfinement (2)
- Radio Frequenz Quadrupol (2)
- Rapid rotation (2)
- Research article (2)
- SARS-CoV-2 (2)
- Shear viscosity (2)
- Shell model (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Single electrons (2)
- Single-particle states (2)
- Spectral functions (2)
- Spurselektion (2)
- Strahlprofil (2)
- Strahltransport (2)
- Strong interaction (2)
- Synaptic plasticity (2)
- Synchrotron (2)
- TeraFET (2)
- Transport properties (2)
- Two-dimensional materials (2)
- Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions (2)
- Vertex Detector (2)
- Zustandsgleichung (2)
- additive manufacturing (2)
- anisotropic azimuthal correlation (2)
- artificial intelligence (2)
- asymptotic giant branch stars (2)
- atomic force microscopy (2)
- binary neutron star merger (2)
- binary neutron star mergers (2)
- black holes (2)
- bulk viscosity (2)
- chemically peculiar stars (2)
- chiral symmetry (2)
- chiral symmetry restoration (2)
- circuit analysis (2)
- circumstellar dust (2)
- composite structures (2)
- conformational dynamics (2)
- correlation functions (2)
- correlations (2)
- dileptons (2)
- directed flow (2)
- disorder (2)
- electron beam induced deposition (2)
- electronic band structure (2)
- electronic transport (2)
- energy system design (2)
- energy transduction (2)
- generating functionals (2)
- global jets (2)
- granular metals (2)
- gravitational wave (2)
- hadron gas (2)
- heavy ion physics (2)
- helical magnetic fields (2)
- heterostructures (2)
- high energy physics (2)
- homeostatic adaption (2)
- hot spots (2)
- hydrodynamics (2)
- in-Medium Modifikation (2)
- inflation (2)
- initial state (2)
- injection (2)
- kink-like instability (2)
- lattice (2)
- magnetic fields (2)
- magnetic frustration (2)
- mathematical and relativistic aspects of cosmology (2)
- molecular dynamics (2)
- nanofabrication (2)
- nonlinear dynamical systems (2)
- nucleosynthesis (2)
- organic charge-transfer salts (2)
- oscillators (2)
- p-Kerne (2)
- p-n junction (2)
- particle physics (2)
- particle-in-cell simulations (2)
- phase noise (2)
- photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- power transmission (2)
- quadratic-linear gravity (2)
- quantum gravity (2)
- quantum mechanics (2)
- quark gluon plasma (2)
- recollimation shocks (2)
- relativistic hydrodynamics (2)
- relativistic jets (2)
- reservoir computing (2)
- resonances (2)
- s-Prozess (2)
- s-process (2)
- scanning tunneling microscopy (2)
- simulation (2)
- statistical operator (2)
- stellar abundances (2)
- storage rings (2)
- string fragmentation (2)
- structural health monitoring (2)
- system analysis and design (2)
- thin films (2)
- toroidal magnetic field (2)
- track selection (2)
- transition-metal oxides (2)
- transport coefficients (2)
- vector mesons (2)
- zero-energy universe (2)
- (Anti-)(Hyper-)Nuclei (1)
- (F)EBID (1)
- (n (1)
- 1/c 2 electronic Hamiltonian (1)
- 124Sn (1)
- 140Ce (1)
- 1st order liquid–gas phase transition (1)
- 2 + 1-dimensional field theories (1)
- 2D materials (1)
- 2D vdW magnets (1)
- 3-atomic-heteronuclear molecule (1)
- 325 MHz (1)
- 4-ROD RFQ (1)
- 900 GeV (1)
- AGB star (1)
- AGN host galaxies (1)
- AGN jets (1)
- ALICE detector (1)
- ALICE upgrade (1)
- ALICE, Teilchendetektor (1)
- AM-PM noise conversion (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Ab initio calculations (1)
- Abbremsen (1)
- Absolute branching fraction (1)
- Absolutkonfiguration (1)
- Absorptionsspektroskopie (1)
- Accelerator (1)
- Accelerator Physics (1)
- Accelerators & storage rings (1)
- Accreting black holes (1)
- Action potentials (1)
- Activation experiment (1)
- Actuators (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aktivierungsmethode (1)
- Akustik (1)
- Alignment parameter (1)
- Alignmentparameter (1)
- Alternating Phase Focusing (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Anderson Impurity model (1)
- Anderson-Modell (1)
- Angular distribution (1)
- Anion Transport System (1)
- Anisotropic flow (1)
- Anisotropie (1)
- Annihilation (1)
- Anregung (1)
- Anti de Sitter space (1)
- Anti-kaon–nucleon physics (1)
- Anti-nuclei (1)
- Antimatter (1)
- Antimicrobial resistance (1)
- Aptamer (1)
- Arms (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Astronomical masses & mass distributions (1)
- Astrophysics (1)
- Asymmetrie Reconstitution (1)
- Atmosphere (1)
- Atomic & molecular beams (1)
- Atomic Physics (1)
- Atomic nuclei (1)
- Atomphysik (1)
- Atoms (1)
- Attenuated Total Reflection (1)
- Attosecond science (1)
- Auditory cortex (1)
- Autophagic cell death (1)
- BCS phase (1)
- BESIII detector (1)
- Bacterial structural biology (1)
- Band 3 Protein (1)
- Baryon number susceptibilities (1)
- Baryonic resonances (1)
- Beam Dynamic (1)
- Beam dynamics simulation (1)
- Beam loss (1)
- Beam techniques (1)
- Beer (1)
- Bell theorem (1)
- Beryllium-7 (1)
- Beschleunigung von Elektronen und Protonen (1)
- Beta decay (1)
- Betatrons (1)
- Betatronstrahlung (1)
- Bidirectional connections (1)
- Bilderkennung (1)
- Bildladung (1)
- Binary (1)
- Binary Neutron Star Mergers (1)
- Binary pulsars (1)
- Biochemical simulations (1)
- Bioenergetics (1)
- Biological locomotion (1)
- Biological physics (1)
- Biological sciences (1)
- Biomedical engineering (1)
- Biomoleküle (1)
- Biophysical chemistry (1)
- Bjorken flow (1)
- Black Holes (1)
- Blei (1)
- Bohmian mechanics (1)
- Boltzmann-Gleichung (1)
- Boltzmann-Vlasov equation (1)
- Boosted Jets (1)
- Born cross section measurement (1)
- Bose-Einstein condensates (1)
- Bose–Einstein condensation (1)
- Bosonisierung (1)
- Bottomonium (1)
- Bubble-like structure (1)
- Bulk viscosity (1)
- CBM detector (1)
- CERN PSB (1)
- CERN SPS (1)
- CH-Struktur (1)
- CJT formalism (1)
- CJT-Formalismus (1)
- CLVisc (1)
- CMOS (1)
- CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (1)
- CNC manufacturing (1)
- CO2 emission reduction targets (1)
- COLTRIMS (1)
- COVID 19 (1)
- CP violation (1)
- CPS (1)
- CVD (1)
- Calcium ATPase (1)
- Calcium-ATPase (1)
- Canonical suppression (1)
- Cauchy horizon (1)
- Cell assembly (1)
- Centrality Class (1)
- Centrality Selection (1)
- Chaostheorie (1)
- Charge change (1)
- Charge fluctuations (1)
- Charge-transfer collisions (1)
- Charged-particle multiplicity (1)
- Charmed meson production (1)
- Charmonia (1)
- Charmonium (-like) (1)
- Charmonium decays (1)
- Chemical Physics (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemometry (1)
- Cherenkov counter: lead-glass (1)
- Chiral Lagrangian (1)
- Chiral Lagrangians (1)
- Chiral effective model (1)
- Chiral perturbation theory (1)
- Chirale Symmetrie (1)
- Chiralität (1)
- Chiralität, Elementarteilchenphysik (1)
- Chopper (1)
- Circular accelerators (1)
- Co2(CO)8 (1)
- Coincidence measurement (1)
- Cold nuclear matter effects (1)
- Collective Flow, (1)
- Collective flow (1)
- Collective quadrupole excitations (1)
- Collectivity (1)
- Collision processes (1)
- Color Glass Condensate (1)
- Color screening (1)
- Coltrims (1)
- Compact astrophysical objects (1)
- Compact binary stars (1)
- Compact objects (1)
- Comparison with QCD (1)
- Compressed Baryonic Matter (1)
- Compton scattering (1)
- Computational Data Analysis (1)
- Computational Physics (1)
- Computational biophysics (1)
- Computational models (1)
- Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics (1)
- Conformational transitions (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Continuous Integration (1)
- Continuous wave (1)
- Correlated systems (1)
- Correlation (1)
- Correlations (1)
- Cortical circuit (1)
- Cosmology (1)
- Coulomb Explosion Imaging (1)
- Coulombdissoziation (1)
- Coulombexplosion (1)
- Coulombspaltung (1)
- Covariance matrix (1)
- Critical indices (1)
- Critical phenomena (1)
- Cross section measurements (1)
- Cross sections (1)
- Current-curent interaction (1)
- Czochralski method (1)
- D meson (1)
- D0 and D+ mesons (1)
- DEER or PELDOR (1)
- DLA Elektronen (1)
- DNA repair (1)
- DW Hamiltonian canonical transformation (1)
- Dalitz decay (1)
- Dark energy (1)
- Dark matter (1)
- Dark photon (1)
- Dark sector (1)
- Darmstadt / Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (1)
- Data Standard (1)
- De Donder-Weyl Hamiltonian formulation (1)
- Deconfinement (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Deep learning (1)
- Delaunay-Triangulierung (1)
- Delayline Detector (1)
- Delta resonance (1)
- Dense matter (1)
- Dense nuclear matter (1)
- Density functional theory (1)
- Design, synthesis and processing (1)
- Detektor (1)
- Detektorentwicklung (1)
- Deuteronen (1)
- Di-hadron correlations (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Diamagnetism (1)
- Diamantdetektor (1)
- Dielectron (1)
- Diffraction (1)
- Diffusion coefficient (1)
- Dimere (1)
- Dipol-Dipol-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Direct nuclear reactions (1)
- Direct reactions (1)
- Directed and elliptic flow (1)
- Discontinous Galerkin methods for Numerical Relativity (1)
- Diseases (1)
- Doppler radar (1)
- Double-sided silicon microstrip detectors characterization readout quality assurance (1)
- Drift Tube Linac (1)
- Drip-line nucleus (1)
- Dual projection (1)
- Duality (1)
- Dynamic transport (1)
- Dynamical critical phenomena (1)
- Dynamical mean field theory (1)
- Dynamical systems (1)
- Dynamischer Strukturfaktor (1)
- Dünnschichttransistor (1)
- D⁰ meson (1)
- EBID (1)
- EPR spectroscopy (1)
- Effective Field Theories (1)
- Effective Field Theory (1)
- Effective QCD model (1)
- Effective hadron theories (1)
- Eichtheorie (1)
- Eingebettetes optisches System (1)
- Einplatinene Kamera (1)
- Einstein’s equations (1)
- Elastic scattering (1)
- Electric and magnetic field computation (1)
- Electrical and electronic engineering (1)
- Electrical conductivity (1)
- Electromagnetic amplitude (1)
- Electromagnetic form factor (1)
- Electromagnetic form factors (1)
- Electromagnetic transitions (1)
- Electron capture (1)
- Electron-pion identification (1)
- Electronic transitions (1)
- Elektrodenarray (1)
- Elektron ; Impulsverteilung ; Heliumion (1)
- Elektronenanlagerungsreaktion (1)
- Elektronenwolke (1)
- Elektrostatik (1)
- Elementarteilchen (1)
- Elsevier (1)
- Emissionsspektroskopie (1)
- Emittanzmessung (1)
- Energietransduktion (1)
- Energy transfer (1)
- Entwicklungspsychologie (1)
- Enzyme mechanisms (1)
- Epidemiological statistics (1)
- Epidemiology (1)
- Equation of State (1)
- Equations of state: nuclear matter (1)
- Erythrocyte Membrane (1)
- EuB6 (1)
- European electricity grid (1)
- Event-by-event (1)
- Evolution of the Universe (1)
- Evolutionäre Spieltheorie (1)
- Excitation (1)
- Excluded volume (1)
- Exotic State (1)
- Exotic phases of matter (1)
- Exotica (1)
- Experimental testing (1)
- Experimental tests (1)
- FLASH Effekt (1)
- FM radar (1)
- FRW spacetime (1)
- FTAM and OX063 (1)
- Fahrzeug (1)
- Far from equilibrium (1)
- Faraday-Tasse (1)
- Feldeffekt (1)
- Feldeffekttransistor (1)
- Feldquant (1)
- Feldtheorie (1)
- Femtoscopy (1)
- Femtosekundenspektroskopie (1)
- Fermions (1)
- Fermion–gauge-boson vertex (1)
- Ferroelectrics and multiferroics (1)
- Fibre/foam sandwich radiator (1)
- Field Theories in Lower Dimensions (1)
- Field-effect (1)
- Filterkanal (1)
- Final state (1)
- Finite baryon density (1)
- Finite difference method (1)
- Finite element simulations (1)
- Finite-Differenzen (1)
- Finite-temperature QFT (1)
- First order phase transitions (1)
- Fission (1)
- Fixed-target experiments (1)
- Flavor changing neutral currents (1)
- Flavor symmetries (1)
- Flavour Physics (1)
- Flexible backup power (1)
- Floquet theory (1)
- Fluctuation Spectroscopy (1)
- Fluctuations in the initial conditions (1)
- Fluctuations of conserved charges (1)
- Fluid dynamics (1)
- Fluka (1)
- Fluktuationsspektroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Form factors (1)
- Formulations of Einstein Field Equations (1)
- Fourier transform spectroscopy (1)
- Fractal dimension (1)
- Fragmentierungsquerschnitte (1)
- Franck-Condon (1)
- Frankfurt <Main> / Institut für Kernphysik (1)
- Free energy (1)
- Free neutron targ (1)
- Free-Electron-Laser (1)
- Free-electron lasers (1)
- Freeze-out (1)
- Freezeout (1)
- Freie-Elektronen-Laser (1)
- Friedman equation (1)
- Fringe field (1)
- Fullerene (1)
- Funktionale Renormierungsgruppe (1)
- GEANT (1)
- GEM (1)
- GRMHD (1)
- Gabor Lens (1)
- Galaxies and clusters (1)
- Gamma intensity (1)
- Gamma spectroscopy (1)
- Gammakalorimeter (1)
- Gammaspectroscopy (1)
- Gap field (1)
- Gauge theories (1)
- GdIr2Si2 (1)
- Gefangenendilemma (1)
- Gehirn (1)
- Gene expression analysis (1)
- General Physics (1)
- General properties of QCD (dynamics, confinement, etc.) (1)
- General relativistic hydrodynamics (1)
- General relativity equations & solutions (1)
- Generalized uncertainty (1)
- Genetic engineering (1)
- Geometrical optics (1)
- Germanium detectors (1)
- Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (1)
- Gittereichtheorie (1)
- Glauber and Giessen Boltzmann–Uehling–Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) models (1)
- Glimmentladung (1)
- Global polarization (1)
- Globale Optimierung (1)
- Gluons (1)
- Goldstone bosons (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphentheorie (1)
- Gravitational Waves (1)
- Gravitational collapse (1)
- Gravitational fixed point (1)
- Gravitational wave (1)
- Gravitational wave events (1)
- Gravity self-completeness (1)
- Groomed jet radius (1)
- Ground-state transition width (1)
- Großhirnrinde (1)
- HADES <Teilchendetektor> ; Driftkammer ; Ausleseverfahren <Sensortechnik> (1)
- HBT correlation (1)
- HBT interferometry (1)
- HBT puzzle (1)
- HEDP (1)
- HITRAP (1)
- HLT (1)
- Hades (1)
- Hadron Spectroscopy (1)
- Hadron potentials (1)
- Hadron production (1)
- Hadron resonance gas (1)
- Hadron spectroscopy (1)
- Hadron-Hadron Scattering Heavy (1)
- Hadronenjet (1)
- Hadronic potential (1)
- Hadronization (1)
- Hadrons (1)
- Hagedorn Zustände (1)
- Hagedorn states (1)
- Halbleiterdetektor (1)
- Hallsensor (1)
- Hard Scattering (1)
- Hawking radiation (1)
- Heavy Ion Experiment (1)
- Heavy Ion Physics (1)
- Heavy flavor production (1)
- Heavy flavour production (1)
- Heavy ion (1)
- Heavy ion storage ring (1)
- Heavy ions (1)
- Heavy quarks (1)
- Heavy-Ion Collision (1)
- Heavy-flavour decay muons (1)
- Heavy-ion physics (1)
- Heavy-ion reactions (1)
- Heavy-ions (1)
- Heavy-quark symmetry (1)
- Heisenberg modell (1)
- Heisenberg-Modell (1)
- Helium (1)
- Heliumdimere (1)
- Herzberg-Teller (1)
- High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) (1)
- High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat) (1)
- High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) (1)
- High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) (1)
- High-Level Trigger (1)
- High-energy astrophysics (1)
- High-energy neutron detection (1)
- High-energy photoabsorption (1)
- High-k dielectric (1)
- High-k-Dielektrikum (1)
- Hirnforschung (1)
- Historie (1)
- Hochenergiephysik (1)
- Hochfrequenzsputtern (1)
- Hochstrom-Ionenquelle (1)
- Holography (1)
- Homeostasis (1)
- Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm (1)
- Hybrid model (1)
- Hydrodynamic (1)
- Hydrodynamic models (1)
- Hydrodynamics (1)
- Hydrogen ground state (1)
- Hyperonic stars (1)
- ICD (1)
- IHMCIF (1)
- IPGLASMA (1)
- Image Charge (1)
- Image processing (1)
- Imaginary chemical potential (1)
- Immunology (1)
- Impact parameter (1)
- Impulsspektrometer (1)
- In-medium pion mass (1)
- Inclusive Reconstruction (1)
- Inclusive branching fraction (1)
- Inclusive spectra (1)
- Infections (1)
- Information theory and computation (1)
- Infrared Spectra (1)
- Infrared light (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Initial state (1)
- Innovative systems (1)
- Integrative Modeling (1)
- Integrator (1)
- Intensity interferometry (1)
- Interference fragmentation function (1)
- Interferometrie (1)
- Intermittency (1)
- Internet (1)
- Interstellar molecules (1)
- Invariant Mass Distribution (1)
- Inverse Kinematics (1)
- Invisible decays (1)
- Ion Beam (1)
- Ion-Atom-Kollisions (1)
- Ion-Molecule collisions (1)
- Ion-Molekül-Stoß (1)
- Ionbeam (1)
- Ionenquelle (1)
- Ionenstoß (1)
- Ionisation energy loss (1)
- Ions (1)
- Iron pnictides (1)
- Irregular plate (1)
- Irregular plate with non-uniform thickness (1)
- Isospin (1)
- J/ψ (1)
- J/ψ suppression (1)
- Jet Physics (1)
- Jet Substructure (1)
- Jet quenching (1)
- Jet shapes (1)
- Jet substructure (1)
- Josephson junction arrays (1)
- K+-nucleus interaction (1)
- K0S (1)
- KN interaction (1)
- Kagome systems (1)
- Kalman-Filter (1)
- Kaonic nuclei (1)
- Keldysh-Formalismus (1)
- Kernphysik (1)
- Kinetic Theory (1)
- Kitaev model (1)
- Kleines Molekül (1)
- Kohlenstoff (1)
- Kohlenstoffmolekül (1)
- Kollektive Anregung (1)
- Konformationsübergänge (1)
- Kooperativität (1)
- Kupfer-63 (1)
- LINAC (1)
- LaTeX (1)
- Lamb waves (1)
- Lambda Hyperon (1)
- Laminar flow (1)
- Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer (1)
- Langsame Extraktion (1)
- Lattice Gauge Theory (1)
- Lattice gauge field theories (1)
- Lattice gauge theory (1)
- Lattice simulations (1)
- Laute (1)
- Leptons (1)
- Levelized cost of electricity (1)
- Li-ion batteries (1)
- Li1.3Nb0.3Mn0.4O2 (1)
- Ligand-gated ion channel (1)
- Light (1)
- Light (anti-)(hyper-)nuclei production (1)
- Light nuclei production (1)
- Linac (1)
- Linear accelerator (1)
- Linear response (1)
- Linearer Collider ; Hohlraumresonator ; Moden (1)
- Linearer Collider ; Hohlraumresonator ; Moden ; Dämpfung ; Güte <Schwingkreis> ; Messung (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Lithium-7 (1)
- Longitudinal and transverse electric fields (1)
- Longitudinal flow (1)
- Low & intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions (1)
- Low & intermediate-energy accelerators (1)
- Low energy QCD (1)
- Luttinger liquid (1)
- Luttinger-Flüssigkeit (1)
- MYRRHA (1)
- Mach cones (1)
- Magnetfeld (1)
- Magnetfeldregelung (1)
- Magnetism (1)
- Magnetohydrodynamics (1)
- Magnetspektrometer (1)
- Magnons (1)
- Magon-Phonon-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Many-body (1)
- Many-body physics (1)
- Mars (1)
- Master Equations (1)
- Material budget (1)
- Materials science (1)
- Mathematical biosciences (1)
- Mathematics and computing (1)
- Maxwell–Chern–Simons (1)
- Md simulations (1)
- Mechanical engineering (1)
- Membrane and lipid biology (1)
- Membrane fusion (1)
- Membrane proteins (1)
- Membrane structures (1)
- Membrane transport (1)
- Membranes (1)
- Membranproteine (1)
- Meson decays (1)
- Meson production (1)
- Meson-exchange model (1)
- Mesons (1)
- Metasurfaces (1)
- Micro Vertex Detector (1)
- Microscopic quark–gluon string transport model (1)
- Mid-rapidity (1)
- Mikroelektrode (1)
- Mikrokanalelektronenvervielfacher (1)
- Minimum Bias (1)
- Models & methods for nuclear reactions (1)
- Models of QCD (1)
- Modified gravity (1)
- Molecular clouds (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- Molecule destruction (1)
- Molecule formation (1)
- Molekularbewegung (1)
- Molekularstrahlepitaxie (1)
- Molekülphysik (1)
- Molekülstoß (1)
- Molybdän (1)
- Momentum Spectrometry (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Monte Carlo simulation (1)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (1)
- Mott insulator (1)
- Mott metal-insulator transition (1)
- Mott transition (1)
- Multi-Parton Interactions (1)
- Multi-neutron detection (1)
- Multi-strange baryons (1)
- Multi-wire proportional drift chamber (1)
- Multigrid Poisson Solver (1)
- Multigrid methods (1)
- Multimessenger (1)
- Multiple Charge Conservation (1)
- Multiple parton interactions (1)
- Multivariate Analysis (1)
- NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (1)
- Nambu–Goldstone bosons (1)
- Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model (1)
- Nanophotonics and plasmonics (1)
- Nanowires (1)
- Natrium-Kalium-ATPase (1)
- Natural transformation (1)
- NbC (1)
- Network model (1)
- Network models (1)
- Netzhaut ; Nervenzelle ; Inhibition (1)
- Netzwerktopologie (1)
- Neural Networks (1)
- Neural net (1)
- Neural network (1)
- Neural networks (1)
- Neuronal plasticity (1)
- Neurons (1)
- Neuroscience (1)
- Neutrinos (1)
- Neutron physics (1)
- Neutron-induced reaction cross sections (1)
- Neutronenquelle (1)
- Neutronenspektrum (1)
- Neutronenstern (1)
- New magicity (1)
- Nicht-linearer Transport (1)
- Nichtinvasiv (1)
- Nichtlineare Optik (1)
- Nichtlineare Spektroskopie (1)
- Nickel-63 (1)
- Niedrige Dimensionen (1)
- Nobel prizes (1)
- Noether symmetries (1)
- Noise spectra (1)
- Non-Canonical Amino Acids (1)
- Non-coding RNA (1)
- Non-dipole (1)
- Non-perturbative QCD (1)
- Non-relativistic QED (1)
- Noncommutative black holes (1)
- Noncommutativity (1)
- Nonequilibrium dynamics (1)
- Nonflow (1)
- Nonlinear beam dynamics (1)
- Nonperturbative Effects (1)
- Nonperturbative effects in field theory (1)
- Nonrandom connectivity (1)
- Nuclear Astrophysics (1)
- Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) (1)
- Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) (1)
- Nuclear fragments production (1)
- Nuclear interactions (1)
- Nuclear physics of explosive environments (1)
- Nuclear structure & decays (1)
- Nucleosynthesis in explosive environments (1)
- Nucleosynthesis-Star (1)
- Nucleus (1)
- Nukleare Astrophysik (1)
- Nukleon (1)
- Nullter Schall (1)
- Numerical Renormalization Group (1)
- Numerical simulations (1)
- Nyquist noise (1)
- O(2) Modell (1)
- O(2) model (1)
- O(4) conjecture (1)
- One-nucleon removal (1)
- Ontogenie (1)
- Open Access (1)
- Open Charm (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Optical properties and devices (1)
- Optimal mix of wind and solar PV (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Optische Messung (1)
- Optische Tomographie (1)
- Optisches Potenzial (1)
- Orbital electron capture (1)
- Other nonperturbative calculations (1)
- Over-Barrier Modell (1)
- Oxidation (1)
- P-Typ-ATPasen (1)
- P-type ATPase (1)
- PDB-Dev (1)
- PDBx/mmCIF (1)
- PENELOPE (1)
- PHENIX <Teilchendetektor> (1)
- PYTHIA (1)
- Pairing reentrance (1)
- Palatini (1)
- Pandemics (1)
- Partial chemical equilibrium (1)
- Partial wave analysis (1)
- Particle & resonance production (1)
- Particle Dynamic (1)
- Particle multiplicity (1)
- Particle phenomena (1)
- Particleantiparticle correlations (1)
- Particles & Fields (1)
- Parton cascade BAMPS (1)
- Path integral duality (1)
- Pb–Pb (1)
- Pepperpot (1)
- Pepperpot-Messung (1)
- Peptides and proteins (1)
- Percolation theory (1)
- Permeation and transport (1)
- Perturbative methods (1)
- Pfadintegral (1)
- Phase (1)
- Phase diagram (1)
- Phase diagram of dense matter (1)
- Phasendiagramm (1)
- Phasenraum (1)
- Phasenumwandlung (1)
- Phasenübergänge (1)
- Photodioden (1)
- Photoionisation (1)
- Photon counting (1)
- Photon number noise (1)
- Photonen (1)
- Photophysics (1)
- Photophysik (1)
- Pickupspule (1)
- Pilus (1)
- Pixel detector (1)
- Planck scale (1)
- Plasma acceleration (1)
- Plasma membrane (1)
- Plasma physics (1)
- Plasmadiagnostik (1)
- Plasmons Quantum mechanics (1)
- Plastic scintillator array (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Plates fractalization (1)
- PointNet (1)
- Poisson-Gleichung (1)
- Polarkoordinaten (1)
- Polyakov loops (1)
- Polyatomare Verbindungen (1)
- Polypeptide (1)
- Polypeptides (1)
- Population activity (1)
- Potassium transport (1)
- Probability distribution (1)
- Production Cross Section (1)
- Production mechanisms (1)
- Properties of Hadrons (1)
- Protein Dynamics (1)
- Protein Modifications (1)
- Protein Shape (1)
- Protein folding (1)
- Protein homeostasis (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Proton number fluctuations (1)
- Proton-proton collisions (1)
- Protonen (1)
- Protonen Linac (1)
- Protonengegentransport (1)
- Protonenplasmen (1)
- Proton–proton (1)
- Prototypes (1)
- Protyposis (1)
- Pseudorapidity and centrality dependence (1)
- Pulse Shape Analysis (1)
- Pulsed epr (1)
- Pygmy Dipole Resonance (1)
- Pygmy dipole resonance (1)
- Pygmy quadrupole resonance (1)
- QCD phase transitions (1)
- QCD vector interaction strength (1)
- QCD-phase diagram (1)
- QED (1)
- QFT on curved background (1)
- Quantenphysik (1)
- Quantenspinsystem (1)
- Quantentheorie (1)
- Quantum Impurity System (1)
- Quantum corrected black hole (1)
- Quantum electrodynamics (1)
- Quantum information (1)
- Quantum modified Gravity (1)
- Quantum phase transitions (1)
- Quark <Physik> (1)
- Quark Deconfinement (1)
- Quark Gluon Plasma (1)
- Quark Production (1)
- Quark gluon plasma (1)
- Quark-gluon Plasmap (1)
- Quark-gluon-plasma (1)
- Quasi-particle phonon model (1)
- Quasiteilchen (1)
- R value (1)
- RFQ-Accelerator (1)
- RFQ-Beschleuniger (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNA structures (1)
- Radiation Tolerance (1)
- Radiation detectors (1)
- Radiation hardness (1)
- Radiative decay (1)
- Radiative decays (1)
- Radiative transfer (1)
- Radio continuum emission (1)
- Radio jets (1)
- Rain (1)
- Random fields (1)
- Random graph model (1)
- Rapidity Range (1)
- Rare decays (1)
- Ratengleichungen (1)
- Reaction Kinetics (1)
- Reactions with relativistic radioactive beams (1)
- Reaktionskinetik (1)
- Reaktionsmikroskop (1)
- Recombination (1)
- Recombination of partons (1)
- Reconstructed jets (1)
- Regelungssystem (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamics (1)
- Relativistic Heavy Ions (1)
- Relativistic Heavy-ion Collisions (1)
- Relativistic heavy ion physics (1)
- Relativistic heavy-ion reactions (1)
- Relativistic nuclear collisions (1)
- Relativistische Hydrodynamik (1)
- Relaxation time approximation (1)
- Renewable power generation (1)
- Renormalization group (1)
- Renormierungsgruppe (1)
- Representational drift (1)
- Resolution Parameter (1)
- Resonance reactions (1)
- Resonances (1)
- Riccati equation (1)
- Richardson extrapolation (1)
- Robotic behavior (1)
- Robots (1)
- Rudder stock (1)
- Rydberg (1)
- SIS18 (1)
- SMASH (1)
- SPS (1)
- STAR (1)
- STAR <Teilchendetektor> (1)
- SYK model (1)
- Sachunterricht (1)
- Saha equation (1)
- Scale invariance (1)
- Scaling laws (1)
- Scattering of atoms, molecules, clusters & ions (1)
- Scattering theory (1)
- Scattering-type Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (1)
- Schaum (1)
- Schlitz-Gitter (1)
- Schottky (1)
- Schulbuchanalyse (1)
- Schwerionen (1)
- Schwerionenstrahl (1)
- Schwerpunkthöhe (1)
- Schwinger effect (1)
- Schwinger–Dyson equations (1)
- Schätzverfahren (1)
- Scintillation (1)
- Secondary beams (1)
- Secretin (1)
- Sehrinde (1)
- Seiberg–Witten map (1)
- Sekundärelektronen (1)
- Selbstorganisation (1)
- Self absorption (1)
- Self-dual (1)
- Self-triggered front-end electronics (1)
- Semi-leptonic decays (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Septum (1)
- Shakhov model (1)
- Shield (1)
- Shock Waves (1)
- Short-lived nuclei (1)
- Signalanalyse (1)
- Silicon Tracking System (1)
- Silicon tracking system (1)
- Simulation and modeling (1)
- Single muons (1)
- Single particle decay spectroscopy (1)
- Single-molecule biophysics (1)
- Slavkovska (1)
- Small systems (1)
- Social distancing (1)
- Social systems (1)
- Sodium-potassium ATPase (1)
- SoftDrop (1)
- Solar power (1)
- Solar power generation (1)
- Solid state theory (1)
- Spectators (1)
- Spectroscopic factors & electromagnetic moments (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Spieltheorie (1)
- Spin Hall (1)
- Spin alignment (1)
- Spin distribution and correlation (1)
- Spin-down (1)
- Spin-orbit coupling (1)
- Spintronics (1)
- Spinwaves (1)
- Spinwelle (1)
- Spinwellen (1)
- Splitting function (1)
- Spontaneous symmetry breaking (1)
- Sputtern (1)
- SrNi2P2 (1)
- Stahlenschäden (1)
- Statistical Physics (1)
- Statistical and Nonlinear Physics (1)
- Statistical model (1)
- Statistical models (1)
- Statistical multifragmentation models (1)
- Statistical theory and fluctuations (1)
- Statistische Physik (1)
- Stellar remnants (1)
- Stellar structure (1)
- Storage Ring (1)
- Storage rings (1)
- Stoß (1)
- Strahldiagnose (1)
- Strahldiagnosemethode (1)
- Strange hadrons (1)
- Strangeness Enhancement (1)
- Strangeness production (1)
- String T-duality (1)
- Strong amplitude (1)
- Strong coupling expansion (1)
- Strongly-coupled plasmas (1)
- Structural biology (1)
- Störungstheorie (1)
- Stößparameter (1)
- Sub-wavelength optics (1)
- Sulfur Dioxide (1)
- Superconducting devices (1)
- Supercooled QGP (1)
- Supermassive black holes (1)
- Supernova (1)
- Supernova remnant (1)
- Surfaces, interfaces and thin films (1)
- Surrogate-reaction method (1)
- Susceptibilities (1)
- Synapses (1)
- Synchronisierung (1)
- Systematic Uncertainty (1)
- Szintillation (1)
- Szintillationsschirm (1)
- Säugling (1)
- TATA box binding protein (1)
- THz (1)
- THz detection (1)
- THz imaging (1)
- TNSA (1)
- TPC (1)
- TPSC (1)
- TR (1)
- Techniques Electromagnetic calorimeters (1)
- Techniques and instrumentation (1)
- Teilchendynamik (1)
- Template (1)
- Terahertz optics (1)
- Theoretical and experimental femtoscopy (1)
- Theoretical and experimental identical-particle correlations (1)
- Theoretical neuroscience (1)
- Theoretical nuclear physics (1)
- Theoretical physics (1)
- Thermal & statistical models (1)
- Thermal Field Theory (1)
- Thermal evolution (1)
- Thermal lensing (1)
- Thermalization (1)
- Thermo optic effects (1)
- Thermodynamik (1)
- Thermoplasma acidophilum (1)
- Thermoplasma volcanium (1)
- Thermus thermophilus (1)
- Theta-Pinch (1)
- Thin film transistor (1)
- Thin lens (1)
- Three-gluon vertex (1)
- Time Projection Chamber (1)
- Time Projection Chamber (TPC) (1)
- Time-Resolved Spectroscopy (1)
- TmRh2Si2 (1)
- Tomographie (1)
- Topological insulators (1)
- Topologische Zustände (1)
- Topology (1)
- Tracking (1)
- Transient & explosive astronomical phenomena (1)
- Transimpedanzverstärker (1)
- Transition Radiation Detector (1)
- Transition radiation detector (1)
- Transport (1)
- Transport Simulations (1)
- Transport Theory (1)
- Transport model (1)
- Transport model for heavy-ion collisions (1)
- Transport phenomena (1)
- Transverse momentum (1)
- Transversity (1)
- Trigger (1)
- Triple quarkonia (1)
- Tumortherapie (1)
- Two body weak decay (1)
- UWB diagnostics (1)
- Ultrafast laser spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrafast spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrakalte Quantengase (1)
- Un-particle physics (1)
- Unparticle parameter constraints (1)
- Unparticle physics (1)
- Unparticles (1)
- Unruh effect (1)
- Unstable nuclei induced nuclear reactions (1)
- UrQMD (1)
- Vakuum (1)
- Vakuumphysik (1)
- Vector Boson Production (1)
- Very long baseline interferometry (1)
- Vesicle fusion (1)
- Vesicles (1)
- Vibrational Energy Transfer (1)
- Virtual reality (1)
- Visible spectroscopy (1)
- Visual cortex (1)
- Vortex ratchets (1)
- Vorticity (1)
- W-exchange (1)
- Ward–Green–Takahashi identities (1)
- Wasserstoffatmosphäre (1)
- Wasserstoffmolekül ; Heliumion ; Ion-Molekül-Stoß ; Rückstoßimpulsspektroskopie (1)
- Weak Decays (1)
- Weak interactions (1)
- Wigner function (1)
- Wind power (1)
- Wind power generation (1)
- Worldwide Protein Data Bank (1)
- X(3872) (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- X-ray generation (1)
- X-ray irradiation (1)
- X-ray phase contrast imaging (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- X-rays (1)
- Xenon-based gas mixture (1)
- Y (4260) (1)
- Y states (1)
- Yang-Mills-Theorie (1)
- YbNi4P2 (1)
- YbRh2Si2 (1)
- Yttrium-Eisengranat (1)
- Zero crossing (1)
- Zero-point length (1)
- Zerstörungsfrei (1)
- Zr (1)
- a-induced reactions (1)
- absorbed power (1)
- abundances (1)
- accelerator physics (1)
- activation (1)
- active perception (1)
- adhesion (1)
- adsorption (1)
- algebraic cluster model (1)
- ambiguous perception (1)
- ambiguous structure-from-motion (SFM) (1)
- anisotropic flow (1)
- antiviral signaling (1)
- application (1)
- applications of teraherz imaging (1)
- archaea (1)
- artificial magnetic lattices (1)
- astrophysikalischer p-Prozess (1)
- asymptotic behavior (1)
- atomic cluster deposition (1)
- atomic cluster on a suface (1)
- atomic physics (1)
- attosecond spectroscopy (1)
- automotive (1)
- autonomous learning (1)
- axions (1)
- bacteriorhodopsin reconstitution (1)
- band insulator (1)
- baryon stopping (1)
- beam energy scan (1)
- beam transport (1)
- behavioral performance (1)
- bilayer square lattice (1)
- bilinear model (1)
- bilineares Modell (1)
- binary systems (1)
- binocular rivalry (1)
- binocular vision (1)
- bistability (1)
- black hole (1)
- black lipid membrane (1)
- blue bronze (1)
- branching fractions (1)
- brightness (1)
- bulk observables (1)
- bunch-to-bucket (1)
- calorimeter: electromagnetic (1)
- capture processes (1)
- causality (1)
- cell internal structure (1)
- cell respiration (1)
- center-of-mass energy (1)
- central schemes (1)
- centrality (1)
- centrality dependence (1)
- change detection (1)
- chaos (1)
- charcoal (1)
- charge density wave (1)
- charge-cluster glass (1)
- charged kaon freeze-out (1)
- charmed baryon (1)
- charmonium-like states (1)
- chemical vapor deposition (1)
- children (1)
- chiral effect (1)
- chiral imbalance (1)
- chiral perturbation theory (1)
- chromium (1)
- circadian rhythm (1)
- class separation (1)
- clathrates (1)
- closed orbit feedback system (1)
- closed-loop robots (1)
- cluster expansion model (1)
- cobalt (1)
- cognition (1)
- coherent emission (1)
- coherent state (1)
- coincidence detection (1)
- collective flow (1)
- commissioning (1)
- communication networks (1)
- compact binary mergers (1)
- complex networks (1)
- complex systems (1)
- compliant robot (1)
- computational imaging (1)
- computational methods (1)
- confinement (1)
- continuum model (1)
- correlations and fluctuations (1)
- cortex (1)
- cosmology (1)
- coupled oscillators (1)
- covariant canonical gauge gravity (1)
- covariant canonical gauge theory of gravity (1)
- critical point (1)
- crowd behaviour (1)
- crystal growth (1)
- curvature-dependent fermion mass (1)
- cyclotron (1)
- dE/dx (1)
- damage detection (1)
- dark matter (1)
- dark matter experiments (1)
- data traffic (1)
- decay (1)
- decays (1)
- decelerated ions (1)
- decision making (1)
- deconfinement (1)
- dendrites (1)
- dense plasma target (1)
- density (1)
- deposition (1)
- deposition; dissociation; electron beam induced deposition (EBID); focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID); precursor; trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV) ((CH3-C5H4)Pt(CH3)3) (1)
- desorption (1)
- detector characterization (1)
- detectors (1)
- development (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- diffractive optics (1)
- diffusion model (1)
- digital communications (1)
- dimuon (1)
- diphoton (1)
- dipole-dipole interaction (1)
- direct-write fabrications (1)
- dissipative fluid dynamics (1)
- dissociation (1)
- dissociative electron attachment (1)
- dissociative ionization (1)
- dynamical Higgs effect (1)
- dynamical mean-field theory (1)
- e+e − annihilation (1)
- e+e⁻ − Experiments (1)
- e+e− Experiments (1)
- e+e− annihilation (1)
- early diabetes detection (1)
- echo-state networks (1)
- effective field theories (1)
- effective field theory (1)
- effective temperature (1)
- efficient coding (1)
- electric field (1)
- electrical characterization (1)
- electrical tests (1)
- electrical transport characteristics (1)
- electro-magnetic plasma (1)
- electromagnetic fields (1)
- electromagnetic orbital angular momentum (1)
- electromagnetic probes (1)
- electromagnetic vorticity (1)
- electromechanical impedance (1)
- electron (1)
- electron backscattering (1)
- electron induced deposition (1)
- electron molecule interaction (1)
- electron transfer (1)
- electron transport (1)
- electron tunneling (1)
- electron-lattice coupling (1)
- electron-phonon interactions (1)
- electron-positron collision (1)
- electronic structure (1)
- electronics: readout (1)
- electron–phonon coupling (1)
- electron−phonon interactions (1)
- electrostatics (1)
- elsarticle.cls (1)
- emerging length (1)
- emittance (1)
- emotion theory (1)
- endoplasmic reticulum (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (1)
- entropy limited hydrodynamics (1)
- envy (1)
- estimation methods (1)
- eta meson (1)
- evacuation (1)
- event pileup (1)
- exact exchange (1)
- excess kurtosis (1)
- excitation (1)
- excitation transport (1)
- excited nuclei (1)
- experimental results (1)
- extended Einstein gravity (1)
- extra dimensions (1)
- famotidine (1)
- faraday cup (1)
- fatigue testing (1)
- feelings (emotions) (1)
- fibre: optical (1)
- field-effect transistor (1)
- field-effect transistors (1)
- filter channel (1)
- finite baryon density (1)
- finite-temperature quantum-field theory (1)
- first order phase transition (1)
- flow allocation (1)
- flow anisotropies (1)
- fluctuation spectroscopy (1)
- fluctuations (1)
- fluctuations and correlations (1)
- flux growth (1)
- flux limiters (1)
- focused electron beam (1)
- focused electron beam-induced deposition (1)
- focused ion beam induced depositions (1)
- focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID); Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport; surface excitations; secondary-electron emission (1)
- formation length (1)
- free will (1)
- frequency beating (1)
- fullerene (1)
- functional principal component analysis (1)
- galactic chemical evolution (1)
- gamma) Reaktionen (1)
- gamma) reactions (1)
- gasous detectors (1)
- gauge theory (1)
- gauge/gravity duality (1)
- general relativity (1)
- generalized uncertainty principle (1)
- generative model (1)
- generatives Modell (1)
- genetic algorithm (1)
- geodesic equation (1)
- glass fiber reinforced materials (1)
- glass-like structural ordering (1)
- gold (1)
- granular ferromagnets (1)
- granulare Metalle (1)
- graph theory (1)
- graphene (1)
- gravitation (1)
- guiding principle (1)
- hadron spectroscopy (1)
- hadron transport (1)
- hadron-quark phase transition (1)
- hadronic events (1)
- half-integer resonance (1)
- heat shock protein (1)
- heavy fermions (1)
- heavy ion collision (1)
- heavy ion experiments (1)
- heavy ion fusion (1)
- heavy-ion (1)
- heavy-ion collision (1)
- heavy-ion collisions; (1)
- heavy-ion physics (1)
- heavy-ion storage rings (1)
- heavy-ions (1)
- heavy-quark effective theory (1)
- height of COG (1)
- helicity amplitude analysis (1)
- helium dimers (1)
- helium-beam radiography (1)
- hematological (1)
- heteronuclear FEBID precursors (1)
- hheterostructures (1)
- high (1)
- high energy astrophysics (1)
- high-Tc superconductivity (1)
- high-energy physics (1)
- high-resolution momentum spectroscopy (1)
- higher twist effects (1)
- highly parallel recordings (1)
- highly-charged ions (1)
- histamine (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- human intracranial recordings (1)
- human-body radiation (1)
- hybrid (1)
- hybrid star (1)
- hydrogen atmosphere (1)
- hydrogen energy levels (1)
- hypernuclear (1)
- impact parameter (1)
- in situ processing (1)
- in-medium modification (1)
- inclusive J/ψ decays (1)
- independent component analysis (1)
- inertia of spacetime (1)
- inertia of space–time (1)
- inertial confinement fusion (1)
- infancy (1)
- inflammation (1)
- infrared laser test (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- injection system (1)
- instabilities (1)
- interactive visualization (1)
- interferometry (1)
- intermetallic compound (1)
- intra-dimer charge and spin degrees of freedom (1)
- intrinsic motivation (1)
- intrinsic plasticity (1)
- inverse kinematics (1)
- ion (1)
- ion stopping (1)
- ion-beam therapy (1)
- ionisierende Strahlung (1)
- ionizing radiation (1)
- ion–atom collisions (1)
- ion–molecule collisions (1)
- isospin (1)
- isospin asymmetric matter (1)
- isospin imbalance (1)
- isotopic abundance (1)
- jets (1)
- kagome lattices (1)
- kaltes Gastarget (1)
- kilonovae (1)
- kinematic collimation (1)
- kinematische Kollimation (1)
- kinetic approaches to dense matter (1)
- kinetic instabilities (1)
- large-scale integration of renewable power generation (1)
- large-scale integration of variable renewable generation (1)
- laser characterization (1)
- laser plasma emission (1)
- laser test (1)
- laser-ion acceleration (1)
- laser-matter interaction (1)
- lattice-supersolid (1)
- lawsHeavy-ion collisions (1)
- leukocytes (1)
- light harvesting networks (1)
- light nuclei (1)
- light nuclei production (1)
- light-driven ATP synthesis (1)
- light–energy conversion (1)
- limit cycles (1)
- line density (1)
- line element (1)
- linear sigma mode (1)
- liposomes (1)
- lithography (1)
- liver, pancreas (1)
- load and structural monitoring (1)
- local field potential (1)
- low dimensions (1)
- low-dose irradiation (1)
- low-mass dilepton (1)
- lower critical field (1)
- luminosity (1)
- machine learning (1)
- magnetic exchange beyond Heisenberg (1)
- magnetic nanostructures (1)
- magnetic nanowires (1)
- magnetic susceptibility (1)
- magnetism (1)
- magnon condensation (1)
- magnon-phonon interaction (1)
- magnon-phonon interactions (1)
- main phospholipid (1)
- malignancies (1)
- manganese (1)
- many particle entanglement (1)
- many-body blockade (1)
- many-body method (1)
- many-electron correlation (1)
- marine structures (1)
- mass degeneracy (1)
- mathematical model (1)
- maximum recoverable strain (1)
- membrane protein (1)
- membrane proteins (1)
- metal carbonyl (1)
- meteorological radar (1)
- metric tensor (1)
- micro Hall magnetometry (1)
- micro-Hall magnetometry (1)
- microdosimetry (1)
- micromagnetic simulations (1)
- micropillar compression (1)
- microwave breast imaging (1)
- millimeter wave radar (1)
- millimeter-wave spectroscopy (1)
- minimal length (1)
- model (1)
- modeling (1)
- modified Coulomb potential (1)
- moiré patterns (1)
- molecular electronic devices (1)
- molecular magnets (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular simulations (1)
- momentum spectrometer (1)
- monkeys (1)
- monte carlo simulations (1)
- multi-center magnons (1)
- multi-messenger (1)
- multi-orbital Hubbard model (1)
- multicoincidence imaging (1)
- multimessenger astrophysics (1)
- multiparton interactions (1)
- multiunit activity (1)
- mushroom instability (1)
- music charts (1)
- n,p,π and Λ+Σ0 production (1)
- nano-fabrication (1)
- nano-printing (1)
- nanocarbon (1)
- nanoelectronic devices (1)
- nanofractal formation (1)
- nanofractal fragmentation (1)
- nanolesions (1)
- nanolithography (1)
- nanomagnetism (1)
- nanoparticle (1)
- nanostructured arrays (1)
- nanotechnology (1)
- nash equilibrium (1)
- natural scenes (1)
- natural tasks (1)
- near-field microscopy (1)
- net-proton fluctuations (1)
- networks (1)
- neutral mesons (1)
- neutral pion (1)
- neutron - nuclear reactions (1)
- neutron star (1)
- neutron star collisions (1)
- neutron star properties (1)
- neutron stars; (1)
- neutron-induced reactions (1)
- neutron-star-merger (1)
- next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations (1)
- nickel (1)
- nnp (1)
- non-Condon (1)
- non-equilibrium states (1)
- non-invasive diagnosis techniques (1)
- non-invasive test (1)
- non-neutral plasma (1)
- non-perturbative methods (1)
- noncommutative geometry (1)
- nonequilibrium phase transitions (1)
- nonneutral plasma (1)
- nuclear (1)
- nuclear collective model (1)
- nuclear modification (1)
- nuclear reaction cross sections (1)
- nuclear reaction cross-sections (1)
- nucleon coalescence (1)
- nuklear matter (1)
- nukleare Wirkungsquerschnitte (1)
- number of J/ψ events (1)
- numerical methods (1)
- numerical relativity (1)
- observational cosmology (1)
- omega stringer (1)
- on imaging (1)
- on-chip solutions (1)
- one-photon double ionization (1)
- open guided waves (1)
- open quantum systems (1)
- operation (1)
- optimal wind/solar mix (1)
- optimization (1)
- optische Potentiale (1)
- optokinetic nystagmus (1)
- organic compounds (1)
- organic conductor (1)
- organic semiconductor (1)
- organotypic slice culture (1)
- oxygen vacancies (1)
- oxysterol-binding protein homology protein (1)
- p A¯ reactions (1)
- p+p collisions (1)
- p-Linac (1)
- packaging (1)
- parity-doublet model (1)
- particle-theory and field-theory models of the early universe (1)
- passive imaging (1)
- path integral (1)
- patient study (1)
- patterning (1)
- pauli principle (1)
- percolation (1)
- perovskite oxides (1)
- phase shift (1)
- phase transitions (1)
- phonon (1)
- phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (1)
- phosphatidylserine (1)
- photochemistry (1)
- photons (1)
- photopolymerization (1)
- piezoresistivity (1)
- plasma ion beam interaction (1)
- plasma membrane (1)
- plasmonics (1)
- plasticity (1)
- platinum (1)
- polar coordinates (1)
- polarization (1)
- polarized radiation (1)
- polarons (1)
- power system analysis; (1)
- ppK − (1)
- precursor (1)
- precursor residence time (1)
- predictive modelling (1)
- prefrontal cortex (1)
- presolar grain (1)
- pressure (1)
- pressure sensors (1)
- projectile effective charge (1)
- protein coevolution (1)
- protein complex (1)
- protein stability (1)
- protein structures (1)
- proton countertransport (1)
- proton flow (1)
- proton permeability (1)
- proton-proton (1)
- pseudoelasticity (1)
- pyramidal neuron (1)
- p¯ + 40Ar → 40 Cl + (1)
- quadratic Lagrangian (1)
- quadratic temperature dependent resistivity (1)
- quadrupole (1)
- quality assurance (1)
- quantum (1)
- quantum criticality (1)
- quantum dots (1)
- quantum electrodynamics test (1)
- quantum hydrodynamics (1)
- quantum measurement (1)
- quantum spin frustration (1)
- quantum spin liquids (1)
- quantum spin system (1)
- quantum transport (1)
- quark deconfinement (1)
- quark matter (1)
- quark-gluon plasma temperature (1)
- quark‐gluon plasm (1)
- quasiparticle expansion (1)
- quintessence (1)
- r-Prozess (1)
- r-process (1)
- radar detection (1)
- radar imaging (1)
- radar signal processing (1)
- radar-based structural health monitoring (1)
- radiation hard sensor (1)
- radon (1)
- rain (1)
- reaction rate (1)
- recurrent networks (1)
- recurrent neural networks (1)
- reference damage (1)
- relativistic astrophysics (1)
- relativistic boson system of particles and antiparticles (1)
- relativistic collisions (1)
- relativistic fluid dynamics (1)
- relativistic heavy ion reactions (1)
- relativity and gravitation (1)
- remote sensing by radar (1)
- resonance properties (1)
- resonant (1)
- reversible figures (1)
- rfq (1)
- robophysics (1)
- s-SNOM (1)
- saturation (1)
- scanning Hall probe microscopy (1)
- scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (1)
- scanning probe microscopy (1)
- science of sciences (1)
- self-organization (1)
- self-organized criticalit (1)
- self-organized criticality (1)
- self-organized locomotion (1)
- semiconductors (1)
- semiexclusive processes (1)
- sensorimotor loop (1)
- shear stress (1)
- sign problem (1)
- signal processing (1)
- silicon detector (1)
- silicon sensor (1)
- simulations (1)
- single crystal growth (1)
- single-shot measurement (1)
- site-directed spin labeling (1)
- slabs (1)
- slowness Lernen (1)
- slowness learning (1)
- small systems (1)
- smooth pursuit (1)
- social acceleration (1)
- social classes (1)
- social modelling (1)
- social stratification (1)
- sociophysics (1)
- soft photons (1)
- solar physics (1)
- space charge (1)
- space charge distortions (1)
- sparse coding (1)
- specific heat (1)
- spectators (1)
- spectra (1)
- spectral radius (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- spike train analysis (1)
- spiking neural networks (1)
- spin labeling (1)
- spin polarization (1)
- spin wave (1)
- spintronics (1)
- spontaneous symmetry breaking (1)
- stability (1)
- stability matrix eigenvalues (1)
- starke Magnetfelder (1)
- statistical model (1)
- sterol (1)
- stimulus coding (1)
- storage ring (1)
- strain sensing (1)
- strangeness enhancement (1)
- strategy condensation (1)
- string T-duality (1)
- strong Coulomb field (1)
- strong correlations (1)
- strongly correlated electrons (1)
- strontium vanadate epitaxial films (1)
- structural biology (1)
- su(2) x u(2) (1)
- sub-threshold (1)
- subthreshold (1)
- superconducting devices (1)
- superconductivity (1)
- superconductor-to-metal transition (1)
- superdeterminism (1)
- supervised learning (1)
- supraleitend (1)
- surface plasmon polaritons (1)
- surface reconstruction (1)
- surface science (1)
- surface waves (1)
- surrogate reactions (1)
- sustained hyperglycemia (1)
- symmetry energy (1)
- synaptic scaling (1)
- synchronization (1)
- synchronization two rings (1)
- synchronized oscillators (1)
- synchrotron emission (1)
- synthetic aperture radar (1)
- target (1)
- terahertz emission (1)
- terahertz magnetometry (1)
- terahertz photons (1)
- terahertz sensing (1)
- teraherz imaging systems (1)
- teraherz nano-imaging and nanoscopy (1)
- tetraether lipid (1)
- tetraquark (1)
- tetraquarks (1)
- the Weibel instability (1)
- theoretical biology (1)
- theory mind (1)
- thermal expansion (1)
- thermal transition (1)
- thermoadaptation (1)
- thermodynamic functions and equations of state (1)
- thermodynamic properties (1)
- thermodynamics (1)
- thermoelectric material (1)
- thermoelectrics (1)
- theta-pinch (1)
- three-dimensional nanostructures (1)
- time scales (1)
- time series prediction (1)
- time-resolved (1)
- tip fabrication (1)
- toll-like receptor (1)
- top-down control (1)
- topological states (1)
- toroidales Magnetfeld (1)
- torsion (1)
- torsional dark energy (1)
- total cross-section (1)
- tracking (1)
- transient interaction (1)
- transmission cost allocation (1)
- transmission grid extensions (1)
- transport (1)
- transport models (1)
- transport models quark-gluon plasma (1)
- transvers beam dynamics (1)
- triangular flow (1)
- trigger efficiency (1)
- tungsten (1)
- two-electron systems (1)
- ultracold quantum gases (1)
- ultraperipheral and central heavy ion collisions (1)
- ultrashort laser pulses (1)
- unconventional superconductor (1)
- unsaturated phospholipid (1)
- van der Waals (1)
- vanadium (1)
- vanadium oxides (1)
- vapor-liquid-solid mechanism (1)
- variational Monte Carlo (1)
- vibronic (1)
- virtual photon emission (1)
- viscosity (1)
- viscous cosmology (1)
- viscous hydrodynamics (1)
- visual short-term memory (1)
- visual working memory (1)
- washboard pinning potential (1)
- white and brown dwarfs (1)
- wind (1)
- wind energy (1)
- wind turbine blades (1)
- wind turbines (1)
- wwPDB (1)
- x-ray techniques (1)
- yttrium-iron garnet (1)
- zero-point length (1)
- zerstörungsfrei (1)
- Θ+ pentaquark (1)
- Λ+c baryon (1)
- Λc⁺ (1)
- Σ hyperon (1)
- β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex (1)
- γ-ray spectroscopy (1)
- γ-spectroscopy (1)
- η/s (1)
- κ meson (1)
- φ feed-down (1)
- ψ(3686) (1)
- √sN N = 2.76 TeV (1)
- field-effect transistor (1)
Institute
- Physik (3403) (remove)
The influence of visual tasks on short and long-term memory for visual features was investigated using a change-detection paradigm. Subjects completed 2 tasks: (a) describing objects in natural images, reporting a specific property of each object when a crosshair appeared above it, and (b) viewing a modified version of each scene, and detecting which of the previously described objects had changed. When tested over short delays (seconds), no task effects were found. Over longer delays (minutes) we found the describing task influenced what types of changes were detected in a variety of explicit and incidental memory experiments. Furthermore, we found surprisingly high performance in the incidental memory experiment, suggesting that simple tasks are sufficient to instill long-lasting visual memories. Keywords: visual working memory, natural scenes, natural tasks, change detection
The phenomenon of magnetism is a pure quantum effect and has been studied since the beginning of civilization. The practical use of magnetic materials for technical purposes was well established in the 19th century; still nowadays there is no lack of new high-tech applications based on magnetism for example in information technology to store and process data. This thesis does not focus on the development of new applications of magnetism in technology, nor enhancement of known fields of application. Instead, the intention is to use a quantum theory of magnetism for obtaining new insights on physical effects that accompany the phenomenon of magnetism. Therefore three different model systems, each of which are believed to describe a class of real compounds, are considered. Starting from the idea that magnetism can be understood by use of the so-called Heisenberg model that microscopically characterizes the interaction between localized magnetic moments, we restrict ourselves to the case where a long-range magnetic order is present. In order to deduce consequences resulting from this microscopic picture we use the spin-wave theory that is introduced in the first chapter. Central objects of this theory are the magnons which are elementary quantum excitations in ordered magnets. An application of these mathematical techniques to a model that describes an antiferromagnet in an external magnetic field is presented in the second chapter. Quantities like the spin-wave velocity and the damping of magnons are calculated using a Hermitian operator approach in the framework of spin-wave theory. A strong renormalization of the magnetic excitations arises because the symmetry of the system is reduced due to the external magnetic field. In the second model system, that describes thin films of a ferromagnet, concepts of classical physics meet quantum physics: The magnetic dipole-dipole interaction that is also known in everyday life from the magnetic forces between magnets and was initially formulated in the theory of electromagnetism, is included in the microscopic model. Having a special compound in mind where the magnetic excitations are directly accessible in experiments, the energy dispersions of magnon modes in thin-film ferromagnets are deduced. Our approach is essentially a basis for further investigations beyond this thesis to describe strong correlations and condensation of magnons. A recent realization of data processing devices with spin waves puts the understanding of physical processes in these ferromagnetic films in the focus of upcoming research. The third model system brings in the so-called frustration where the interactions between the spins are such that the total energy cannot be minimized by an appropriate alignment of the magnetic moments in the classical picture. In the simplest case this appears because the antiferromagnetically coupled spins are located on a triangular lattice. This situation will lead to strong quantum fluctuations which make this model system interesting. Finally the overall symmetry is reduced by inclusion of spin anisotropies and an external magnetic field. Instead of focusing on the properties of the magnetic excitations, the effect of the magnetic field on the properties of the lattice vibrations is subject to the investigation. This is interesting because the characteristics of lattice vibrations can be measured experimentally using the supersonic technique.
In this work we present a study of the influence of nucleus initializations on the event-by-event elliptic flow coefficient, v2. In most Monte-Carlo models, the initial positions of the nucleons in a nucleus are completely uncorrelated, which can lead to very high density regions. In a simple, yet more realistic model where overlapping of the nucleons is avoided, fluctuations in the initial conditions are reduced. However, v2 distributions are not very sensitive to the initialization choice.
Dynamics of chaotic strings
(2011)
The main topic of this thesis is the investigation of dynamical properties of coupled Tchebycheff map networks. At every node of the network the dynamics is given by the iteration of a Tchebycheff map, which shows strongest possible chaotic behaviour. By applying a coupling between the various individual dynamics along the links of the network, a rich structure of complex dynamical patterns emerges. Accordingly, coupled chaotic map networks provide prototypical models for studying the interplay between local dynamics, network structure, and the emergent global dynamics. An exciting application of coupled Tchebycheff map lattices in quantum field theory has been proposed Beck in Spatio-temporal chaos and vacuum fluctuations of quantized fields' (2002). In this so-called chaotic string model, the coupled map lattice dynamics generates the noise needed for the Parisi-Wu approach of stochastic quantization. The remarkable obversation is that the respective dynamics seems to reproduce distinguished numerical values of coupling constants that coincide with those observed in the standard model of particle physic. The results of this thesis give insights into the chaotic string model and its network generalization from a dynamical point of view. This leads to a deeper understanding of the dynamics, which is essential for a critical discussion of possible physical embeddings. Apart from this specific application to particle physics, the investigated concepts like synchronization or a most random behaviour of the dynamics are of general interest for dynamical system theory and the science of complex networks. As a first approach, discrete symmetry transformations of the model are studied. These transformations are formulated in a general way in order to be also applicable to similar dynamics on bipartite network structures. An observable of main interest in the chaotic string model is the interaction energy. In Spatio-temporal chaos and vacuum fluctuations of quantized fields' (2002) it has been observed that certain chaotic string couplings, corresponding to a vanishing interaction energy, coincide with coupling constants of the standard model of elementary particle physics. Since the interaction energy is basically a spatial correlation measure, an interpretation of the respective dynamical states in terms of a most random behaviour is tempting. In order to distinguish certain states as most random', or evoke another dynamical principle, a deeper understanding of the dynamics essential. In the present thesis the dynamics is studied numerically via Lyapunov measures, spatial correlations, and ergodic properties. It is shown that the zeros of the interaction energy are distinguished only with respect to this specific observable, but not by a more general dynamical principle. The original chaotic string model is defined on a one-dimensional lattice (ring-network) as the underlying network topology. This thesis studies a modification of the model based on the introduction of tunable disorder. The effects of inhomogeneous coupling weights as well as small-world perturbations of the ring-network structure on the interaction energy are discussed. Synchronization properties of the chaotic string model and its network generalization are studied in later chapters of this thesis. The analysis is based on the master stability formalism, which relates the stability of the synchronized state to the spectral properties of the network. Apart from complete synchronization, where the dynamics at all nodes of the network coincide, also two-cluster synchronization on bipartite networks is studied. For both types of synchronization it is shown that depending on the type of coupling the synchronized dynamics can display chaotic as well as periodic or quasi-periodic behaviour. The semi-analytical calculations reveal that the respective synchronized states are often stable for a wide range of coupling values even for the ring-network, although the respective basins of attraction may inhabit only a small fraction of the phase space. To provide analytical results in closed form, for complete synchronization the stability of all fixed points and period-2 orbits of all chaotic string networks are determined analytically. The master stability formalism allows to treat the ring-network of the chaotic string model as a special case, but the results are valid for coupled Tchebycheff maps on arbitrary networks. For two-cluster synchronization on bipartite networks, selected fixed points and period-2 orbits are analyzed.
Nonequilibrium phase transitions in chiral fluid dynamics including dissipation and fluctuation
(2011)
Chiral fluid dynamics combines the fluid dynamic expansion of a hot and dense plasma created in a heavy-ion collision with the explicit propagation of fluctuations at the chiral phase transition of quantum chromodynamics. From systems in equilibrium long-range fluctuations are expected at a conjectured critical point. Heavy-ion collisions are, however, finite in size and time and very dynamic. It is thus likely that nonequilibrium effects diminish the signal of a critical point. They can, however, stimulate phenomena at a first order phase transitions, like nucleation and spinodal decomposition. Both of phase transition scenarios are investigated in this work. Based on the linear sigma model with constituent quarks a consistent quantum field theoretical approach using the two-particle irreducible effective action is developed to derive both, the local equilibrium properties of the expanding quark fluid and the damping and noise terms in the Langevin equation of the order parameter of the phase transition, the sigma field. Within this formalism it is possible to obtain a conserved energy-momentum tensor of the coupled system. It describes the energy dissipation from the sigma field to the heat bath during relaxation. Within this model we investigate nonequilibrium phenomena in a scenario with a critical point and a first order phase transition. We observe long relaxation times at the phase transition, phase coexistence at the first order phase transition and critical slowing down at the critical point. We find a substantial supercooling in a first order phase transition in our model and due to the energy-momentum exchange also reheating is present. While at the critical point the correlation length increases slightly we find an enhanced intensity of nonequilibrium fluctuations at the first order phase transition, which leads to an increased production of sigma mesons.
Ziel der durchgeführten Experimente war es, die Zerfallsmechanismen Van-der-Waals gebundener Argon- und Neon Di- und Trimere in intensiven Laserfeldern zu untersuchen, um mehr über den Einfluss der schwachen Van-der-Waals Bindung auf die Dynamik des Ionisationsprozesses zu erfahren. Da Dimere aufgrund ihrer elektronischen Struktur sehr stark zwei separaten benachbarten Atomen gleichen, vereinen sie atomare und molekulare Eigenschaften in sich und ihre Untersuchung verspricht ein tieferes Verständnis der Wechselwirkungsmechanismen in starken Laserfeldern. Die Verwendung der Impulsspektroskopie Methode COLTRIMS ermöglichte die koinzidente Messung aller beim Aufbruch entstandener ionischer Fragmente sowie eines elektronischen Impulsvektors. Für die beidseitige Einfachionisation des Argon Dimers, konnten bei der gewählten Intensität (etwa 3.3E14W/cm2) drei unterschiedliche Ionisationsprozesse identifiziert werden, von denen zwei zu einer überraschend hohen kinetischen Gesamtenergie der Ionen führen. Aufgrund der Messung der Winkelverteilung der ionischen Fragmente und eines der emittierten Elektronen für lineare und zirkulare Polarisation gelang es, die den drei Prozessen zugrunde liegende Dynamik im Laserfeld zu entschlüsseln. Der dominierende Zerfallskanal stellt demzufolge eine schnelle sequentielle Doppelionisation des Argon Dimers dar, die noch am Gleichgewichtsabstand des Dimers stattfindet. Für den zweithäufigsten Ionisationsprozess ergaben sich zwei mögliche Erklärungsansätze: Entweder wird das Dimer zunächst einseitig doppelionisiert, so dass es auf einer attraktiven Potentialkurve zusammenläuft, bevor es zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt – wenn das Laserfeld bereits abgeklungen ist – durch eine Umverteilung seiner Ladungen in einer Coulomb Explosion fragmentiert, oder das Dimer wird bei einer beidseitigen Tunnelionisation zugleich angeregt, so dass die Coulomb Explosion von einer Potentialkurve erfolgt, die wesentlich steiler als 1/R verläuft. Der schwächste Zerfallskanal, der sich durch die höchste Gesamtenergie auszeichnet, ist auf eine "Frustrated Triple Tunnel Ionization" zurückzuführen, bei der ein hoch angeregter Rydberg Zustand erzeugt wird. Bei der Untersuchung des Neon Dimers konnte bei der gewählten Intensität (etwa 6.3E14W/cm2) nur die sequentielle beidseitige Einfachionisation identifiziert werden, obwohl die Daten Hinweise auf einen weitern Ionisationsprozess mit sehr geringer Statistik aufweisen. Zudem wurde in dieser Arbeit nach der Methode des Coulomb-Explosion-Imaging aus den in Koinzidenz gemessenen Impulsvektoren aller einfachgeladenen ionischen Fragmente eines Aufbruchs die geometrische Struktur der Cluster im Orts-und Impulsraum rekonstruiert. Die ermittelte Grundzustandswellenfunktion des Argon und Neon Dimers zeigt eine gute Übereinstimmung mit quantenmechanischen Berechnungen. Für das Argon und Neon Trimer konnten aus den gemessenen Impulsvektoren mittels einer numerischen Simulation die Bindungswinkel im Ortsraum bestimmt werden, so dass erstmals gezeigt werden konnte, dass diese Trimere gleichseitige Dreieckskonfigurationen aufweisen. Vergleiche mit theoretischen Berechnungen zeigen für die breite Winkelverteilung des Neon Trimers eine hervorragende Übereinstimmung, während die gemessene Winkelverteilung des Argon Trimers etwas breiter als die berechnete ist.
The ALICE Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is the main tracking detector of ALICE which was designed to perform well at multiplicities of up to 20000 charged primary and secondary tracks emerging from Pb-Pb collisions. Successful operation of such a large and complex detector requires an elaborate calibration and commissioning. The main goal for the calibration procedures is to provide the information needed for the offline software for the reconstruction of the particle tracks with sufficient precision so that the design performance can be achieved. For a precise reconstruction of particle tracks in the TPC, the calibration of the drift velocity, which in conjunction with the drift time provides the z position of the traversing particles, is essential. In this thesis, an online method for the calibration of the drift velocity is presented. It uses the TPC Laser System which generates 336 straight tracks within the active volume of the TPC. A subset of these tracks, showing sufficiently small distortions, is used in the analysis. The resulting time dependent drift velocity correction parameters are entered into a database and provide start values for the offline reconstruction chain of ALICE. Even though no particle tracking information is used, the online drift velocity calibration is in agreement with the full offline calibration including tracking on the level of about 2 x 10 exp (-4). In chapter 2, a short overview of the ALICE detector, as well as the data taking model of the ALICE, is given. In chapter 3, the TPC detector is described in detail. Lastly in chapter 4, the online drift velocity calibration method is presented, together with a detailed description of the TPC laser system.
Für das Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), in Darmstadt, wurde ein neuer RFQ zur Beschleunigung schwerer Ionen für den Hochladungsinjektor (HLI) entwickelt. Dieser RFQ hat den bereits vorhandenen ersetzt und soll, für die Anpassung des HLI an die neue 28 GHz-ECR-Ionenquelle, den Duty-cycle von 25 % auf 100 % erhöhen, um superschwere Ionen zu erzeugen und die Experimente mit schweren Ionen zu versorgen. Der RFQ hat die Aufgabe schwere, hochgeladene Ionen von 4 keV/u auf 300 keV/u zu beschleunigen. Wichtige Eigenschaften sind ein hoher Strahlstrom, eine hohe Strahl-Transmission, eine kleine Strahlemittanz und eine geringe transversale Emittanzzunahme. Die Erhöhung der Injektionsenergie von 2,5 keV/u auf 4 keV/u ermöglicht eine Verkleinerung des Konvergenzwinkels. Der Aufbau des 4-Rod-RFQs für den HLI ist Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit. Die Auslegung des HLI-RFQs bezieht sich auf ein festgelegtes max. Masse zu Ladungsverhältnis von A/q = 6, bei einer Betriebsfrequenz von 108,408 MHz. Die Ionen sollen bei einem Strahlstrom von 5 mA von 4 keV/u auf 300 keV/u beschleunigt werden. Durch die spezielle teilchendynamische Auslegung konnte die Länge des Tanks von vorher 3 m auf jetzt 2 m verkürzt werden. Dies begünstigt den CW-Betrieb der Struktur. Durch den CW-Betrieb hat man eine hohe Leistungsaufnahme, dies erfordert eine besondere teilchendynamische und hochfrequenztechnische Auslegung der RFQ-Struktur und eine effiziente Kühlung. Zur Simulation der Hochfrequenzeigenschaften wurde ein Modell des RFQ mit dem Programm Microwave Studio (MWS) erstellt. Die Simulationen ergaben einen nur 2 m langen RFQ mit sehr hoher Transmission > 95%. Nach den entsprechenden Simulationsrechnungen bezüglich der Teilchendynamik und der Hochfrequenzeigenschaften wurde der RFQ aufgebaut. Der zeitaufwändige Aufbau lässt sich in drei Abschnitte einteilen. Die Elektroden wurden präzise ausgemessen. Danach wurden Stützen, Elektroden und Tuningplatten an der Bodenplatte montiert und in den Tank eingesetzt. Im Tank wurden die Elektroden justiert, die zuerst außerhalb vermessen wurden. Die korrekte Position der Elektroden zur Referenzfläche wurde berechnet und mit Hilfe eines Faro-Gage im Tank eingemessen. Die maximale Abweichung der Elektrodenposition konnte auf 0,03 mm reduziert werden. Nach der mechanischen Einrichtung folgte die HF-Anpassung des Resonators. Durch das Erhöhen der Tuningplattenpositionen zwischen den Stützen konnte die Resonanzfrequenz von 90,8 MHz auf 108,4 MHz erhöht werden. Als nächstes wurde die Spannungsverteilung im Tank gemessen und mit Hilfe der Tuningplatten konnte sie so eingestellt werden, dass die maximale Abweichung zur mittleren Elektrodenspannung bei nur ± 2% liegt. Zur weiteren Hochfrequenzabstimmung wurde die Wirkung zweier Tauchkolben mit einem Durchmesser von 75 mm untersucht. Die Tauchkolben ermöglichen eine Anpassung der Frequenz im Bereich von 1,4 MHz. Sie sollen die möglichen Frequenzverschiebungen durch beispielsweise thermische Effekte, auf Grund des HF-Betriebs, regulieren. Für die Hochfrequenzabstimmung wurde eine Ankoppelschleife gefertigt und angepasst. Die Güte des Resonators betrug Q0 = 3100, bei einem RP-Wert RP = 100 kΩm, d.h. die zur Versorgung stehende HF-Leistung (50 kW im CW-Betrieb) reicht aus. An der GSI wurde nach dem Transport eine Kontrolle der Elektroden vorgenommen, danach wurde der RFQ erst einzeln, danach als komplette HLI Einheit getestet. Dazu wurden verschiedene Pulsmessungen und Emittanzmessungen mit Argon 7+ und Argon 8+ durchgeführt. Bei der ersten Strahlinbetriebnahme wurden die Transmission, die Ionenenergie und die Emittanz mit verschiedenen Ionen gemessen. Die ersten Tests des HLI-RFQ waren sehr vielversprechend. In den Tests war zu sehen, dass die vorgenommenen Arbeiten, wie Justage und HF-Abstimmung der Resonanzstruktur, erfolgreich waren. Danach wurde der Strahlbetrieb mit Calcium, bei einer Leistung von 50 kW, durchgeführt. Die gemessene Transmission bei einer Spannung von 43 kV lag bei 70 %. Im Mai 2010 gab es eine 14Stickstoff2+ -Strahlzeit mit einer gepulsten Leistung von N = 90 kW. Danach wurde Anpassungstests mit verschiedenen Schwerionen durchgeführt. Im November 2010 wurden neue Tuningplatten mit einer besseren Stützenkontaktierung sowie einer besseren Kühlung eingebaut. Die Elektroden wurden nach diesen Maßnahmen auf ± 0,04 mm einjustiert. Die Flatness liegt bei ± 2,1 %, die Güte beträgt Q0 = 3300. Der RFQ wurde in die Beamline eingebaut und geht im Januar 2011 in Betrieb.
As a part of this thesis, a Monte Carlo-based code has been developed capable of simulating the transition of proton beam properties to neutron beam properties as it occurs in the Li-7(p, n)Be-7 reaction. It is able to reproduce not only the angle-integrated energy distributions but it is also capable of predicting the angle-dependent neutron spectra as measured at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Karlsruhe, Germany) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (Braunschweig, Germany). Since the code retains all three spatial dimensions as well as all three velocity dimensions, it provides very detailed information on the neutron beam. The resulting data can aid in many different aspects, for example it can be used in shielding construction, or for lithium target design. In this work, the code is used to predict the neutron beam properties expected at the Frankfurt Neutron Source at Stern-Gerlach-Zentrum (FRANZ) facility. For different proton beam energies, the neutron distribution in x/p_x, y/p_y, and z/p_z is shown as well as a Mollweide projection, which illustrates the kinematic collimation effect that limits the neutron cone opening angle to less than 180 degree.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Ionisation von Stickstoff- und Sauerstoff-Molekülen in starken, nicht-resonanten Laserlicht-Pulsen untersucht. Die dreidimensionalen Impulsvektoren der freigesetzten Elektronen und Ionen wurden mittels eines sogenannten COLTRIMS Spektrometers vermessen. Das Hauptaugenmerk galt dem Kanal der Einfachionisation, der ein stabiles Molekülion ($N_2^+$ / $O_2^+$) erzeugt. Da in diesem Fall keine Dissoziation des Ions stattfindet, kann nicht aus der Flugrichtung ionischer Fragmente auf die Ausrichtung der Molekülachse geschlossen werden. Die Abhängigkeit des Prozesses vom Winkel zwischen der Molekülachse und der Polarisationsrichtung des ionisierenden Lichtes ist nur dann zugänglich, wenn die Ausrichtung der Molekülachsen vordem Zeitpunkt der Ionisation aktiv kontrolliert werden kann. Hierzu wurde die Technik der nichtadiabatischen Molekülausrichtung'' (non-adiabatic molecular alignment'') [1] angewandt. Ein erster, mäßig intensiver Lichtpuls bewirkte die Ausrichtung der Molekülachsen im Laborsystem. Sodann wurden die ausgerichteten Moleküle von einem zweiten, hochintensiven Puls ionisiert. In einem ersten Experiment wurden Elektronen-Impulsverteilungen für zwei verschiedene Molekülausrichtungen bestimmt. Ein Vergleich der Verteilungen brachte zwei wichtige Ergebnisse: 1) Im Bereich niedriger Elektronen-Impulse senkrecht zur Polarisationsrichtung des ionisierenden Lichtpulses wird der Fingerabdruck'' des ionisierten Molekülorbitals sichtbar. 2) Bei höheren Impulsen zeigten sich Strukturen, die als Doppelspalt-Interferenz interpretiert werden können. Ein ionisiertes Elektron propagiert im oszillierenden elektrischen Feld des Laser-Pulses. Von diesem kann es auf das Ion hin zurück beschleunigt werden und dort streuen [2]. Wir betrachten den Fall elastischer Rückstreuung''. In erster Näherung wirken die Bestandteile des diatomaren Molekülions wie ein Doppelspalt, an dem die streuende Elektronen-Welle gebeugt wird. In einem zweiten, dem ersten sehr ähnlichen Experiment wurde die Molekülausrichtungs-Richtung in kleinen Schritten variiert. Sowohl der Effekt der Elektronenbeugung am Ion, als auch - mit Einschränkungen - die Abbildung des ionisierten Orbitals wurde erneut beobachtet. Letztere ist durch eine Projektion des Orbitals in den Impulsraum senkrecht zur Laser-Polarisationsrichtung bestimmt [3,4]. Die Messung der Strukturen unter verschiedenen Molekül-Ausrichtungen im zweiten Experiment entspricht daher der Aufnahme verschiedener Projektionen des Orbitals. Der so gewonnene Datensatz sollte prinzipiell eine Rekonstruktion der dreidimensionalen Elektronen-Dichteverteilung des ionisierten Molekülorbitals mittels eines Tomographie-Algorithmus ermöglichen. Entsprechende Entwicklungen sind bei Kooperationspartnern im Gange. Die beobachtete Beugung des rückgestreuten Elektrons ermöglicht den Rückschluss auf die Positionen der Kerne im Molekülion. Es besteht die Hoffnung, dass sich in Zukunft detailliertere Informationen über das streuende Potential jenseits des einfachen Doppelspalt-Modells gewinnen lassen. Rückstreuung höherenergetischer Elektronen sollte hingegen eine verbesserte Ortsauflösung ermöglichen. Beide Informationen - Ionisiertes Orbital und Beugungsbild des Ions - werden simultan in ein- und derselben Messung gewonnen. Die zeitliche Auflösung wird durch rein optische Parameter (Licht-Wellenlänge, Pulslänge) determiniert. Sie kann mittels ultrakurzer, phasenstabiler Laserlicht-Pulse in den Bereich einer Femtosekunde oder darunter verbessert werden. [1] Stapelfeldt et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 543-557 (2003). doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.543 [2] Corkum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1994-1997 (1993). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1994 [3] Spanner et al., J. Phys. B 37, L243-L250 (2004). doi:10.1088/0953-4075/37/12/L02 [4] Ivanov et al., J. Mod. Opt. 52, 165 (2005). doi:10.1080/0950034042000275360
Welche Art Strahlung geht vom Handy und von Relaisstationen aus? Wie kann sie auf den Menschen wirken, welche Wirkmechanismen werden ausgelöst? Welche Vorschriften und Grenzwerte gibt es? Wohl kaum ein Thema wurde in den vergangenen Jahren in Medien und in Öffentlichkeit so heiß und kontrovers diskutiert wie das "Strahlenrisiko" durch Mobilfunkanlagen, Mobiltelefone und schnurlose Telefone. Insbesondere, wenn Relaisstationen für mobile Kommunikationseinrichtungen in Verbindung mit dem neuen UMTS-Netz eingerichtet werden, beobachtet man oft erbitterte Konfrontationen zwischen Betreibern und Gegnern, die manchmal zu merkwürdigen Entwicklungen führen; so wurde beispielsweise die Antenne auf einem Kirchendach als Kreuz getarnt. Oft nutzen auch erklärte Gegner von Relaisanlagen am Wohnort beruflich oder privat ihr Handy.
In nature, society and technology many disordered systems exist, that show emergent behaviour, where the interactions of numerous microscopic agents result in macroscopic, systemic properties, that may not be present on the microscopic scale. Examples include phase transitions in magnetism and percolation, for example in porous unordered media, biological, and social systems. Also technological systems that are explicitly designed to function without central control instances, like their prime example the Internet, or virtual networks, like the World Wide Web, which is defined by the hyperlinks from one web page to another, exhibit emergent properties. The study of the common network characteristics found in previously seemingly unrelated fields of science and the urge to explain their emergence, form a scientific field in its own right, the science of complex networks. In this field, methodologies from physics, leading to simplification and generalization by abstraction, help to shift the focus from the implementation's details on the microscopic level to the macroscopic, coarse grained system level. By describing the macroscopic properties that emerge from microscopic interactions, statistical physics, in particular stochastic and computational methods, has proven to be a valuable tool in the investigation of such systems. The mathematical framework for the description of networks is graph theory, in hindsight founded by Euler in 1736 and an active area of research since then. In recent years, applied graph theory flourished through the advent of large scale data sets, made accessible by the use of computers. A paradigm for microscopic interactions among entities that locally optimize their behaviour to increase their own benefit is game theory, the mathematical framework of decision finding. With first applications in economics e.g. Neumann (1944), game theory is an approved field of mathematics. However, game theoretic behaviour is also found in natural systems, e.g. populations of the bacterium Escherichia coli, as described by Kerr (2002). In the present work, a combination of graph theory and game theory is used to model the interactions of selfish agents that form networks. Following brief introductions to graph theory and game theory, the present work approaches the interplay of local self-organizing rules with network properties and topology from three perspectives. To investigate the dynamics of topology reshaping, coupling of the so called iterated prisoners' dilemma (IPD) to the network structure is proposed and studied in Chapter 4. In dependence of a free parameter in the payoff matrix, the reorganization dynamics result in various emergent network structures. The resulting topologies exhibit an increase in performance, measured by a variance of closeness, of a factor 1.2 to 1.9, depending in the chosen free parameter. Presented in Chapter 5, the second approach puts the focus on a static network structure and studies the cooperativity of the system, measured by the fixation probability. Heterogeneous strategies to distribute incentives for cooperation among the players are proposed. These strategies allow to enhance the cooperative behaviour, while requiring fewer total investments. Putting the emphasis on communication networks in Chapters 6 and 7, the third approach investigates the use of routing metrics to increase the performance of data packet transport networks. Algorithms for the iterative determination of such metrics are demonstrated and investigated. The most successful of these algorithms, the hybrid metric, is able to increase the throughput capacity of a network by a factor of 7. During the investigation of the iterative weight assignments a simple, static weight assignment, the so called logKiKj metric, is found. In contrast to the algorithmic metrics, it results in vanishing computational costs, yet it is able to increase the performance by a factor of 5.
The aim of this work is to develop an effective equation of state for QCD, having the correct asymptotic degrees of freedom, to be used as input for dynamical studies of heavy ion collisions. We present an approach for modeling an EoS that respects the symmetries underlying QCD, and includes the correct asymptotic degrees of freedom, i.e. quarks and gluons at high temperature and hadrons in the low-temperature limit. We achieve this by including quarks degrees of freedom and the thermal contribution of the Polyakov loop in a hadronic chiral sigma-omega model. The hadronic part of the model is a nonlinear realization of an sigma-omega model. As the fundamental symmetries of QCD should also be present in its hadronic states such an approach is widely used to describe hadron properties below and around Tc. The quarks are introduced as thermal quasi particles, coupling to the Polyakov loop, while the dynamics of the Polyakov loop are controlled by a potential term which is fitted to reproduce pure gauge lattice data. In this model the sigma field serves a the order parameter for chiral restoration and the Polyakov loop as order parameter for deconfinement. The hadrons are suppressed at high densities by excluded volume corrections. As a next step, we introduce our new HQ model equation of state in a microscopic+macroscopic hybrid approach to heavy ion collisions. This hybrid approach is based on the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) transport approach with an intermediate hydrodynamical evolution for the hot and dense stage of the collision. The present implementation allows to compare pure microscopic transport calculations with hydrodynamic calculations using exactly the same initial conditions and freeze-out procedure. The effects of the change in the underlying dynamics - ideal fluid dynamics vs. non-equilibrium transport theory - are explored. The final pion and proton multiplicities are lower in the hybrid model calculation due to the isentropic hydrodynamic expansion while the yields for strange particles are enhanced due to the local equilibrium in the hydrodynamic evolution. The elliptic and directed flow are shown to be not sensitive to changes in the EoS while the smaller mean free path in the hydrodynamic evolution reflects directly in higher flow results which are consistent with the experimental data. This finding indicates qualitatively that physical mechanisms like viscosity and other non equilibrium effects play an essentially more important role than the EoS when bulk observables like flow are investigated. In the last chapter, results for the thermal production of MEMOs in nucleus-nucleus collisions from a combined micro+macro approach are presented. Multiplicities, rapidity and transverse momentum spectra are predicted for Pb+Pb interaction at different beam energies. The presented excitation functions for various MEMO multiplicities show a clear maximum at the upper FAIR energy regime making this facility the ideal place to study the production of these exotic forms of multistrange objects.
In the work presented herein the microscopic transport model BAMPS (Boltzmann Approach to Multi-Parton Scatterings) is applied to simulate the time evolution of the hot partonic medium that is created in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and in Pb+Pb collisions at the recently started Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The study is especially focused on the investigation of the nuclear modification factor R_{AA}, that quantifies the suppression of particle yields at large transverse momentum with respect to a scaled proton+proton reference, and the simultaneous description of the collective properties of the medium in terms of the elliptic flow v_{2} within a common framework.
Organische Materialien haben bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts hinsichtlich ihrer elektronischen Eigenschaften keine besondere Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen. Größeres Interesse an diesen Materialien entstand erst durch die Entdeckung einer ungewöhnlich hohen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des organischen Perylen-Bromin Ladungstransfer-Komplexes durch Inokuchi et al. im Jahr 1954. Diese neue Klasse von Materialien besteht typischerweise aus Donor- und Akzeptor-Molekülen, die in einer bestimmten Stöchiometrie aneinander gebunden sind. Elektrische Ladung wird zwischen den Donor- und Akzeptor-Molekülen transferiert. Um diesen Prozess zu beschreiben, entwickelte Robert Mulliken in den 60er Jahren ein theoretisches Gerüst. Abhängig von der Anordnung der Moleküle und transferierten elektrischen Ladung kann der Ladungstransfer-Komplex (oder Salz) ein Isolator, ein Halbleiter, ein Metall oder sogar ein Supraleiter sein. Noch mehr Aufmerksamkeit erhielten Ladungstransfer-Materialien mit der Entdeckung des ersten quasi-eindimensionalen organischen Metalls TTF-TCNQ (tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane) im Jahr 1973. ...
This dissertation connects two independent fields of theoretical neuroscience: on the one hand, the self-organization of topographic connectivity patterns, and on the other hand, invariant object recognition, that is the recognition of objects independently of their various possible retinal representations (for example due to translations or scalings). The topographic representation is used in the presented approach, as a coordinate system, which then allows for the implementation of invariance transformations. Hence this study shows, that it is possible that the brain self-organizes before birth, so that it is able to invariantly recognize objects immediately after birth. Besides the core hypothesis that links prenatal work with object recognition, advancements in both fields themselves are also presented. In the beginning of the thesis, a novel analytically solvable probabilistic generative model for topographic maps is introduced. And at the end of the thesis, a model that integrates classical feature-based ideas with the normalization-based approach is presented. This bilinear model makes use of sparseness as well as slowness to implement "optimal" topographic representations. It is therefore a good candidate for hierarchical processing in the brain and for future research.
Statistical physics of power flows on networks with a high share of fluctuating renewable generation
(2010)
Renewable energy sources will play an important role in future generation of electrical energy. This is due to the fact that fossil fuel reserves are limited and because of the waste caused by conventional electricity generation. The most important sources of renewable energy, wind and solar irradiation, exhibit strong temporal fluctuations. This poses new problems for the security of supply. Further, the power flows become a stochastic character so that new methods are required to predict flows within an electrical grid. The main focus of this work is the description of power flows in a electrical transmission network with a high share of renewable generation of electrical energy. To define an appropriate model, it is important to understand the general set-up of a stable system with fluctuating generation. Therefore, generation time series of solar and wind power are compared to load time series for whole Europe and the required balancing or storage capacities analyzed. With these insights, a simple model is proposed to study the power flows. An approximation to the full power flow equations is used and evaluated with Monte-Carlo simulations. Further, approximations to the distributions of power flows along the links are analytically derived. Finally, the results are compared to the power flows calculated from the generation and load data.