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Journalisten leisten eine unabdingbare Informations- und Kontrollfunktion für die internationalen Kapitalmärkte. Dabei stehen ihre journalistischen Beiträge in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen Presse- und Meinungsfreiheit auf der einen sowie kapitalmarktrechtlichen Verhaltensvorschriften auf der anderen Seite. Dieser Beitrag versucht sich an der Auflösung dieser Konfliktlage. Dabei wird insbesondere die Übertragung anerkannter Grundsätze des Presserechts auf die Finanzmarktberichterstattung diskutiert. Den Journalisten kommt dabei im Ergebnis eine weitreichende Privilegierung zu, die allerdings insbesondere dort Einschränkungen erfährt, wo irreführende oder unrichtige Informationen verbreitet werden.
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Zulässigkeit von sog. anti-suit injunctions im Anwendungsbereich der EuGVVO. Dabei wird anhand der Antworten des Europäischen Gerichtshofs auf Vorlageersuchen zu den Rechtssachen Turner v. Grovit und West Tankers v. Allianz/Generali herausgearbeitet, dass der Grundsatz des gegenseitigen Vertrauens der Mitgliedstaaten in die Funktions- und Leistungsfähigkeit der Rechtssysteme und Rechtspflegeorgane zu einer Inkompatibilität von anti-suit injunctions mit der EuGVVO führt. In einem weiteren Schritt folgt ein kursorischer Überblick über die aktuellen Entwicklungen im deutschen Prozessrecht rund um die sog. anti-anti-suit injunction. Abschließend wird die Frage nach der Aktualität des Rechtsmittels näher beleuchtet und unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Brexits bestätigt.
Im Rahmen des Tarifvertragsrechts spielen Selbstständige eine nur untergeordnete Rolle – so schien es zumindest in der Vergangenheit die Regel gewesen zu sein. Während das Tarifvertragsgesetz in seiner ursprünglichen Fassung von 1918 (TVVO) nur Arbeitnehmer im Blick hatte, wurde der persönliche Anwendungsbereich mit Einführung des § 12a TVG auf arbeitnehmerähnliche Personen ausgedehnt, wobei der restriktiv ausgelegte Anwendungsbereich und die Auswirkungen in der Praxis zeigten, dass hierdurch keine umfassende Erweiterung des Tarifvertragsrechts auf Selbstständige erreicht werden würde. Nunmehr steht das Arbeitsrecht, auch in Hinblick auf Überschneidungen mit dem Kartellrecht, vor der Herausforderung, sich auf sich ändernde Arbeitsformen und neue wirtschaftliche Gegebenheiten anzupassen, um in Zukunft auch andere Personengruppen von seinem Schutze zu erfassen. Dass es sich hierbei nicht um eine rein nationale Angelegenheit handelt, zeigt der Wandel des politischen und rechtlichen Diskurses auf Unionsebene.
This essay argues that access to water, and the right to water in India is subject to legal pluralism in India: the plurality of state law and the normative order of the caste system in India. While the Constitution of India prohibits discrimination against or exploitation of the Scheduled Castes, society is also subject to a parallel set of social rules set forth by caste hierarchies. The Dalit community has been historically subject to exploitation and limited access to resources, with the use of religious and social sanction, this essay focuses particularly on the right to water, which is an essential part of the constitutional right to the environment is subject to plural legal systems, of state law and caste-based normative orders. Ethnographic social science research, particularly in anthropology and sociology has produced extensive findings on how the caste system limits access to natural resources and particularly water, owing to ideas of purity and impurity associated with water use, and the status of water as a common public good. This essay explores how lawyers must consider legal pluralities when understanding access and management of natural resources. The essay analyses John Griffiths’ idea of legal pluralism which describes a scenario in which not all law is administered by the State or its institutions, and there exists de facto law, beyond the boundaries of the State. This paper expands Griffiths’ model of pluralism to explain how the right to water is subject to both caste order and state law and how the lived reality of Dalits when accessing water is subject to a constant pluralism.
Venture capital-backed firms, unavoidable value-destroying trade sales, and fair value protections
(2021)
This paper investigates the implications of the fair value protections contemplated by the standard corporate contract (i.e., the standard contract form for which corporate law provides) for the entrepreneur–venture capitalist relationship, focusing, in particular, on unavoidable value-destroying trade sales. First, it demonstrates that the typical entrepreneur–venture capitalist contract does institutionalize the venture capitalist’s liquidity needs, allowing, under some circumstances, for counterintuitive instances of contractually-compliant value destruction. Unavoidable value-destroying trade sales are the most tangible example. Next, it argues that fair value protections can prevent the entrepreneur and venture capitalist from allocating the value that these transactions generate as they would want. Then, it shows that the reality of venture capital-backed firms calls for a process of adaptation of the standard corporate contract that has one major step in the deactivation or re-shaping of fair value protections. Finally, it argues that a standard corporate contract aiming to promote social welfare through venture capital should feature flexible fair value protections.
Egon Lorenz – zum Gedenken
(2020)
Nicht nur die Seeversicherung. Philipp Hellweges Projekt zur Geschichte des Versicherungsrechts
(2020)
This paper analyses disclosure duties in insurance contract law in Germany on the basis of questions developed in preparation of the World Congress of the International Insurance Law Association (AIDA) 2018. As risk factors are within the policyholder’s sphere of knowledge, the insurer naturally depends on gaining such knowledge from its policyholder in order to calculate and evaluate premium and risk. Legal approaches as to how the insurer may obtain relevant information and the legal consequences differ in national insurance contract laws around the globe. Taking part in this legal comparison, the paper describes the key elements of such a mechanism from a German perspective and comprises both duties of the policyholder and duties of the insurer.
As for the policyholder, these issues are differences between a duty to (spontaneously) disclose and a duty not to misrepresent as a reaction to questions of the insurer, the prerequisites and remedies of such duty, the subjective standard of the disclosure duty and a duty to notify material changes during the contract term. On the other hand, the paper also addresses an insurer’s duty to investigate, a duty to ascertain the policyholder’s understanding of the policy and a duty to inform during the contract term or after the occurrence of an insured event. In doing so, the paper offers a comprehensive and critical overview on the transfer of knowledge in the insurance (pre-)contractual relationship.
Criminal law exceptionalism, or so I suggest, has turned into an ideology in German and Continental criminal law theory. It rests on interrelated claims about the (ideal or real) extraordinary qualities and properties of the criminal law and has led to exceptional doctrines in constitutional criminal law and criminal law theory. It prima facie paradoxically perpetuates and conserves the criminal law, and all too often leads to ideological thoughtlessness, which may blind us to the dark sides of criminal laws in action.
This article is directed towards addressing the employment related issues encountered by female workers in the gig economy in the EU. It revolves around analysing ‘the switch’ from the traditional labour market to the platform economy. It subsequently explains, by drawing comparisons, that the issues of gender inequality in the brick and mortar world are still prevalent in world of the digital platform. In fact, new challenges have emerged which are specifically related to the gig economy. Female workers are now affected by the inherent bias of algorithms. Moreover, due to the unequivocal propagation of ‘flexibility’ which is used as a weapon to glorify the gig economy; women are even more likely to be pushed into precarious work. The other prominent issues of gender inequality like the dynamics of intersectionality, the gender pay gap and hiring policies in traditional and digital platforms are also examined. Furthermore, the existing regulatory frameworks addressing these issues are discussed with the possibility of catering to the gender inequality issues in the gig economy through policy development. The article concludes with a reflection on the need for the EU to take immediate and efficacious policy measures in respect of female workers in the gig economy.
Through digitalization, the social importance of copyright law has grown considerably. Moreover, the culture of exclusivity established by copyright law conflicts fundamentally with the culture of access prevalent on the internet. An example for this is the dispute over the EU’s latest copyright directive. Does it ring in the end of the internet as we know it, or does it »only« see to fair remuneration for those working in the creative economy?
The issue of data security has become increasingly complex in the age of the internet and artificial intelligence. The developments seem to be almost unmanageable in some areas. Cooperation between jurisprudence and information technology is the only thing that can protect the individual and certain social groups from discrimination.
Durch die Digitalisierung ist die soziale Bedeutung des Urheberrechts stark gewachsen. Die vom Urheberrecht etablierte Exklusivitätskultur steht überdies in einem fundamentalen Konflikt mit der im Internet vorherrschenden Zugangskultur. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist der Streit um die jüngste Urheberrechtsrichtlinie der EU.
Das Thema Datenschutz wird in Zeiten von Internet und künstlicher Intelligenz immer komplexer. Die Entwicklungen scheinen in manchen Bereichen kaum noch beherrschbar zu sein. Nur ein Zusammenspiel von Rechtswissenschaft und Informatik kann den Einzelnen und bestimmte gesellschaftliche Gruppen vor Diskriminierung schützen.