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Das Recht – abstrakt und bilderfeindlich? Ein Fehlurteil. Denn schon immer hat das Recht zu sinnlichen Hilfsmitteln gegriffen, um sich den Menschen verständlich zu machen, teils auf realer, besonders gern aber auf sprachlicher Ebene. Die heutige Bilderflut ist jedoch auch für die Rechtswissenschaft ein neues Phänomen.
According to international and national constitutional law, indigenous peoples in most Latin American countries have the right to maintain and strengthen their distinct political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions. As a consequence of this and of a long and ongoing process of political debate and recognition, ever more indigenous peoples are practicing their own laws, following their own cultural traditions and customs. In doing so, they often draw on history, recreating their identities and reconstructing their distinct legal pasts. At the same time, historical research has increasingly pointed out the intense interaction between indigenous peoples and European invaders during colonial period. It has become clear that it is difficult to draw a clear line between purely ‘indigenous’ and ‘colonial’ legal traditions due to the hybridisation of indigenous and colonial laws and legal practices. The aim of this paper is to introduce this historiography and its relevance to law and to present some methodological challenges in writing the history of indigenous rights in Latin America resulting from this shift in (legal) historiography.
The topic of global trade has become central to debates on global justice and on duties to the global poor, two important concerns of contemporary political theory. However, the leading approaches fail to directly address the participants in trade and provide them with normative guidance for making choices in non-ideal circumstances. This paper contributes an account of individuals’ responsibilities for global problems in general, an account of individuals’ responsibilities as market actors, and an explanation of how these responsibilities coexist. The argument is developed through an extended case study of a consumer’s choice between conventional and fair trade coffee. My argument is that the coffee consumer’s choice requires consideration of two distinct responsibilities. First, she has responsibilities to help meet foreigners’ claims for assistance. Second, she has moral responsibilities to ensure that trades, such as between herself and a coffee farmer, are fair rather than exploitative.
Anders als das Grundgesetz enthält der EWG-Vertrag Bestimmungen zum Schutz der Umwelt und ermächtigt die Gemeinschaft zum Erlaß eigenen Umweltrechts. Der Jurist Thomas Schräer erläutert, daß aber aufgrund der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs die Gefahr besteht, daß die Umweltpolitik das Nachsehen gegenüber der Rechtsangleichung hat, die notwendig ist, um bis Ende 1992 den EG-Binnenmarkt zu verwirklichen. Es wird auch die Möglichkeit eingeschränkt, im Alleingang strengeres nationales Umweltrecht anzuwenden. Schröer entwickelt ein Modell zur Abgrenzung der vertraglichen Gesetzgebungsermächtigungen, das beiden Anliegen Rechnung zu tragen versucht.
Der Streit um das Kopftuch : vom Umgang mit religiösen Geltungsansprüchen in liberalen Ordnungen
(2016)
Im Streit um das Kopftuch geht es um mehr als ein beliebiges Rechtsproblem. Welche Rolle soll die Religion im öffentlichen Leben spielen? Wie geht eine liberale Gesellschaft mit der religiösen Vielfalt um? In Deutschland – im Gegensatz zu Frankreich – orientiert sich das Verfassungsrecht am Modell einer "positiven Neutralität": Der Staat weist die Religion nicht vollständig von sich ab, sondern gibt ihr aktiv Raum zur Entfaltung. Muss dieses Modell hinterfragt werden, wenn Gruppen mit starkem religiösen Geltungsanspruch die Bühne betreten und Religion wieder für gesellschaftlichen Konfliktstoff sorgt?
In the article the state of forming of communicative competence of future lawyers in higher education of Ukraine and Germany is analyzed. There is made the comparative description of preparation of the students of law faculty with an accent on forming of communicative competence on the example of the University of modern knowledge (Ukraine) and Frankfort university is named after Goethe (Germany).
It is drawn the conclusion, that the structure of professional preparation of future lawyers is folded educational and cognitive, research constituents, and also productive practice. A main place is taken to conception of communicative preparation of the future lawyers, the essence of it consists in integration of the special courses of the special and professional disciplines, in continuous perfection of skills of the verbal and writing broadcasting, receptions of analytical mental work, that need knowledge. It is also outlined the aim of productive practice of future lawyers in Ukraine that begins from the second course: the forming of professional abilities and skills of acceptance of independent decisions; the education of necessity systematic to proceed the knowledge, to promote a legal culture and professional legal consciousness; to teach to apply knowledge in practical activity. In Germany the practice for future lawyers begins from the first course and lasts two years in legal establishments (from civil cases, court from criminal cases or office of public prosecutor, administrative and managerial establishments, advocacy). The sign line of studies is an active collaboration with the faculties of law of the foreign states. All these factors assist the forming of communicative competence of lawyers.
Die Welt des Rechts lässt sich heute nicht mehr so leicht in nationale oder internationale Sphären ordnen. Wo Lawmaker als private Akteure in einer globalisierten Ökonomie die Normen häufig nachhaltiger bestimmen als staatliches Recht, da ändern sich auch die Anforderungen an die Rechtswissenschaft.
Editorial
(2014)
Das Verhältnis zwischen den Frankfurtern und ihrer Universität ist ein wechselvolles: gestiftet und großzügig unterstützt von Bürgern und Stadtpolitikern, gepflegt in den harten Jahren der Inflation, gleichgeschaltet und wissenschaftlich ausgehungert während des Nationalsozialismus, entfremdet und abgelehnt nach der Studentenrevolte in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren, wiederentdeckt ab den 1980er Jahren, geschätzt und gefördert seit der (Rück-)Verwandlung in eine Stiftungsuniversität (2008).
Das Urheberrecht hat einmal eine unabhängige Verlagswirtschaft ermöglicht, mit den digitalen Produktionsweisen ergeben sich jedoch immer mehr Konflikte. Alexander Peukert, Professor für Bürgerliches Recht, Wirtschaftsrecht und internationales Immaterialgüterrecht an der Uni Frankfurt, zeichnet die Entwicklung und aktuelle Probleme im Interview nach.
O presente artigo tem como objetivo a realização de uma aproximação entre a Teoria do Reconhecimento de Axel Honneth, representante da Escola de Frankfurt, com a teoria do Bem Jurídico penal. Acredita-se que, desse modo, possa ser feito contributo para melhor elucidar as aporias do conceito de bem jurídico penal. Portanto, pretende-se explicitar que a Teoria do Reconhecimento oferece um arcabouço teórico que permite o desenvolvimento e fundamentação de um Direito Penal voltado à proteção de bens jurídicos, no contexto de um Estado Democrático do Direito, que, ao mesmo tempo, não ignora e, pelo contrário, permite a compreensão da lógica moral dos conflitos sociais.
O artigo investiga a formação, a carreira e os trabalhos de Max Weber como jurista, assim como delineia as linhas gerais do impacto e das influências de sua formação jurídica na sua obra em geral. Especial atenção merece sua tese de doutorado sobre as sociedades comerciais na Idade Média, que é apresentada em sua problematização geral e em suas principais ideias. Com isso, procura-se indicar como os problemas tratados por Weber em sua tese de doutorado - sua principal obra jurídica - antecipam temas e problemas que serão desenvolvidos na obra posterior de modo ampliado e aprofundado.
"Entre direitos iguais, a força decide", proferiu karl marx ao descrever a antinomia do direito em situações antagônicas das relações de produção capitalistas, em que "o direito [oferece resistência] ao direito" nesse ponto, marx aborda uma questão que se situa no centro de todas as teorias jurídicas críticas: que tipo de violência é velada por meio do mecanismo de ocultação denominado "direito"? Para responder a esta questão, tentar-se-á, a seguir, tornar a teoria da hegemonia de antonio gramsci e seu modelo de direito hegemônico produtivos para o campo da teoria do direito. Tal tarefa tem de lidar com a dupla dificuldade de que, por um lado, gramsci não foi um teórico do direito no sentido mais estrito, razão pela qual o potencial de sua teoria para uma análise do direito raramente foi utilizada. Por outro lado, sua abordagem só pode ser empregada por meio de uma crítica às restrições relacionadas a seu tempo. isso se aplica especialmente à sua concepção de economia como a base e a núcleo essencialista oculto (laclau; mouffe, 2001:69), assim como à sua ideia de 'classismo' sob a forma de um enfoque unilateral das classes, em que há preferencialmente mais de um "pluralismo de poder" e inúmeras lutas (litowitz, 2000: 536). Recuperar-se-á, consequentemente, argumentos-chave, ampliando-os pela utilização das recentes descobertas feitas pelas abordagens feminista e neomaterialista da teoria jurídica, bem como as análises de foucault acerca das tecnologias de poder. por fim, uma interpretação da teoria sistêmica das autonomizações comunicativas.
O 11 de setembro acelerou o desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura transnacional de segurança que intervém profundamente nas liberdades civis individuais, tanto nos direitos básicos dos cidadãos dos Estados como nos direitos humanos dos cidadãos mundiais. O artigo delineia essa arquitetura, mostra como ela dissolve as categorias jurídicas tradicionais que preservam a liberdade e discute por que hoje se aceita amplamente a prioridade da segurança sobre a liberdade.
In its admissibility decision in the Al-Saadoon case the ECtHR held that the United Kingdom had jurisdiction over the applicants, who had been arrested by British forces and kept in a British-run military prison in Iraq. Just before the respective mandate of the Security Council expired on 31 December 2008, the applicants were transferred to Iraqi custody at Iraqi request and thereby exposed to the risk of an unfair trial followed by capital punishment. In this respect, the case resembles the Soering case, although the applicants were, unlike Soering, not on British territory but on occupied Iraqi soil before they were handed over. This aspect raises the question of Iraqi sovereignty as a norm competing with the UK's human rights obligations. The authors trace back the ECtHR's case law concerning the extraterritorial application of the Convention and analyse the UK judgments and the ECtHR's admissibility decision in the Al-Saadoon affair from this angle. Furthermore they consider the doctrinal consequences of the ECHR's extraterritorial effect in cases like Soering and Al-Saadoon, where contracting parties violate guarantees of the Convention by exposing a person within their jurisdiction to a risk of a treatment contrary to these guarantees by a third state. Finally, they test the argument brought forward by the UK that not transferring the applicants would have violated Iraqi sovereignty and establish patterns how the ECtHR and the UK Courts did cope in the past with international law norms potentially competing with the Convention.
Das Verhältnis zwischen Literatur und Verfassungsrecht, zwischen Produzenten und Vermittlern literarischer Kunst einerseits und dem Bundesverfassungsgericht andererseits, ist schwierig. Verantwortlich dafür sind nicht die Beteiligten, sondern grundlegende systemische Differenzen. Wo literarische Kunst Rätsel aufgibt oder aufgeben darf, muss das Recht Rätsel ausschließen, den Zweifel zum Schweigen bringen. Wo die Literatur mit Mehrdeutigkeit spielen kann, ihre Interpretation in permanenter Fluktuation begriffen, unerschöpflich und deshalb auch unabschließbar ist, müssen Gerichte am Ende eines Verfahrens systembedingt unausweichlich zu einer Entscheidung gelangen.
Große Rohstoffvorräte lagern in den Entwicklungsländern, doch ihre Ausbeutung führt in diesen
Ländern oft weder zu steigendem Wirtschaftswachstum noch zu verbesserten Lebensverhältnissen
der Bevölkerung. Von der Milliarde der ärmsten Menschen lebt fast ein Drittel in
den rohstoffreichen Ländern. Kann das transnationale Rohstoffrecht dazu beitragen, dass die
Verteilung gerechter abläuft und nicht nur die Investoren und Konsumenten der Nordhemisphäre
und der Schwellenländer von den Rohstoffen der Welt profitieren? Die Juniorprofessorin
Isabel Feichtner untersucht die Verteilungsgerechtigkeit im Rohstoffrecht.
Die Welt wird kleiner. Moderner Verkehr und moderne Kommunikation lassen die Kontinente enger zusammenrücken. Die Staaten verlieren mehr und mehr Funktionen an supranationale Organisationen und Konzerne; vielerorts ist gar die Rede vom nahen Ende der Nationalstaaten und ihrer Epoche. In einem großen Teil Europas jedenfalls hat die Einführung des Euro vor einem guten Jahr diesen Souveränitätsverlust, der für Währungen, Zölle und vieles andere längst zuvor vollzogen worden war, auch sinnlich erfahrbar gemacht.
One of the current trends in international law scholarship is the question of which influences specific legal cultures have on the understanding of international law. This contribution will trace the conditions of a German perspective and analyse the debate against the background of positive law. We will try to assess what the debate adds to the general theory of international law, how it fits into demands of legitimacy of international governance, and whether it contributes to a sensible reconstruction of current law. Furthermore, we try to develop our own perspective that matches the system of international law and is plausible in terms of international legal theory. For that purpose, we will first take It is probably in this context that the contention has to be understood that the ongoing debate on the constitutionalisation of public international law is particularly European, if not German. Whether or not this is the case is difficult to investigate with a lawyer’s tools. However, the idea that international law is the constitution of mankind has found many adherents in German legal writings. This contribution will trace the conditions of a German perspective and analyse the debate against the background of positive law. We will try to assess what the debate adds to the general theory of international law, how it fits into demands of legitimacy of international governance, and whether it contributes to a sensible reconstruction of current law. Furthermore, we try to develop our own perspective that matches the system of international law and is plausible in terms of international legal theory. For that purpose, we will first take up the debate and find its place in the landscape of international legal theory. In this context, we try to shed light on the central concepts used or presupposed when constitutionalisation is discussed by German-speaking scholars (see below, section B). Furthermore, we will discuss structures in positive law which are used as arguments in the debate (section C). Finally, we will try to give an account of constitutionalisation in terms of both sources doctrine and legal theory (section D), before drawing conclusions from the discussion (section E).