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Based on a data sample of (1.0087±0.0044)×1010 𝐽/𝜓 events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII accelerator, the absolute branching fraction (BF) of the decay 𝐽/𝜓→𝛾𝜂 is measured with high precision using events in which the radiative photon converts to 𝑒+𝑒−. Using the measured absolute BF of 𝐽/𝜓→𝛾𝜂, the absolute BFs of four dominant 𝜂 decay modes are measured for the first time. The results are ℬ(𝐽/𝜓→𝛾𝜂)=(1.067±0.005±0.023)×10−3, ℬ(𝜂→𝛾𝛾)=(39.86±0.04±0.99)%, ℬ(𝜂→𝜋0𝜋0𝜋0)=(31.96±0.07±0.84)%, ℬ(𝜂→𝜋+𝜋−𝜋0)=(23.04±0.03±0.54)%, and ℬ(𝜂→𝜋+𝜋−𝛾)=(4.38±0.02±0.10)%, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The results are consistent with the world average values within two standard deviations.
Based on a data sample of (1.0087+-0.0044)x10^10 Jpsi events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII accelerator, the absolute branching fraction (BF) of the decay Jpsi->gamma eta is measured with high precision using events in which the radiative photon converts to e+e-. Using the measured absolute BF of Jpsi->gamma eta, the absolute BFs of four dominant eta decay modes are measured for the first time. The results are B(Jpsi->gamma eta) = (1.067+-0.005+-0.023)x10^-3, B(eta->gamma gamma) = (39.86+-0.04+-0.99)%, B(eta->pi0pi0pi0) = (31.96+-0.07+-0.84)%, B(eta->pi+pi-pi0) = (23.04+-0.03+-0.54)%, and B(eta->pi+pi-gamma) = (4.38+-0.02+-0.10)%, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The results are consistent with the world average values within two standard deviations.
Using e+e− annihilation data corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 6.32 fb−1 collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, we perform an amplitude analysis of the decay D+s→K0SK0Sπ+ for the first time. An enhancement is observed in the K0SK0S mass spectrum near 1.7 GeV/c2, which was not seen in D+s→K+K−π+ in an earlier work, implying the existence of an isospin one partner of the f0(1710). The branching fraction of the decay D+s→K0SK0Sπ+ is determined to be B(D+s→K0SK0Sπ+)=(0.68±0.04stat±0.01syst)%.
Two different experimental approaches were combined to study the electric dipole strength in the doubly-magic nucleus 48Ca below the neutron threshold. Real-photon scattering experiments using bremsstrahlung up to 9.9 MeV and nearly mono-energetic linearly polarized photons with energies between 6.6 and 9.51 MeV provided strength distribution and parities, and an (α,α' γ) experiment at Eα = 136 MeV gave cross sections for an isoscalar probe. The unexpected difference observed in the dipole response is compared to calculations using the first-order random-phase approximation and points to an energy-dependent isospin character. A strong isoscalar state at 7.6 MeV was identified for the first time supporting a recent theoretical prediction.
Neutron star binaries and their associated gravitational wave signal facilitate precision tests of General Relativity. Any deviation of the detected gravitational waveform from General Relativity would therefore be a smoking gun signature of new physics, in the form of additional forces, dark matter particles, or extra gravitational degrees of freedom. To be able to probe new theories, precise knowledge of the expected waveform is required. In our work, we consider a generic setup by augmenting General Relativity with an additional, massive scalar field. We then compute the inspiral dynamics of a binary system by employing an effective field theoretical approach, while giving a detailed introduction to the computational framework. Finally, we derive the modified gravitational waveform at next-to-leading order. As a consequence of our model-agnostic approach, our results are readily adaptable to a plethora of new physics scenarios, including modified gravity theories and scalar dark matter models.
Tidal deformability of fermion-boson stars: neutron stars admixed with ultralight dark matter
(2023)
In this work we investigate the tidal deformability of a neutron star admixed with dark matter, modeled as a massive, self-interacting, complex scalar field. We derive the equations to compute the tidal deformability of the full Einstein-Hilbert-Klein-Gordon system self-consistently, and probe the influence of the scalar field mass and self-interaction strength on the total mass and tidal properties of the combined system. We find that dark matter core-like configurations lead to more compact objects with smaller tidal deformability, and dark matter cloud-like configurations lead to larger tidal deformability. Electromagnetic observations of certain cloud-like configurations would appear to violate the Buchdahl limit. The self-interaction strength is found to have a significant effect on both mass and tidal deformability. We discuss observational constraints and the connection to anomalous detections. We also investigate how this model compares to those with an effective bosonic equation of state and find the interaction strength where they converge sufficiently.
Tidal deformability of fermion-boson stars: neutron stars admixed with ultralight dark matter
(2023)
In this work we investigate the tidal deformability of a neutron star admixed with dark matter, modeled as a massive, self-interacting, complex scalar field. We derive the equations to compute the tidal deformability of the full Einstein-Hilbert-Klein-Gordon system self-consistently, and probe the influence of the scalar field mass and self-interaction strength on the total mass and tidal properties of the combined system. We find that dark matter core-like configurations lead to more compact objects with smaller tidal deformability, and dark matter cloud-like configurations lead to larger tidal deformability. Electromagnetic observations of certain cloud-like configurations would appear to violate the Buchdahl limit. The self-interaction strength is found to have a significant effect on both mass and tidal deformability. We discuss observational constraints and the connection to anomalous detections. We also investigate how this model compares to those with an effective bosonic equation of state and find the interaction strength where they converge sufficiently.
We investigate the impact of non-Hermiticity on the thermodynamic properties of interacting fermions by examining bilinear extensions to the 3+1 dimensional SU(2)-symmetric Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model of quantum chromodynamics at finite temperature and chemical potential. The system is modified through the anti-PT-symmetric pseudoscalar bilinear ψ¯γ5ψ and the PT-symmetric pseudovector bilinear iBνψ¯γ5γνψ, introduced with a coupling g. Beyond the possibility of dynamical fermion mass generation at finite temperature and chemical potential, our findings establish model-dependent changes in the position of the chiral phase transition and the critical end-point. These are tunable with respect to g in the former case, and both g and |B|/B0 in the latter case, for both lightlike and spacelike fields. Moreover, the behavior of the quark number, entropy, pressure, and energy densities signal a potential fermion or antifermion excess compared to the standard NJL model, due to the pseudoscalar and pseudovector extension respectively. In both cases regions with negative interaction measure I=ϵ−3p are found. Future indications of such behaviors in strongly interacting fermion systems, for example in the context of neutron star physics, may point toward the presence of non-Hermitian contributions. These trends provide a first indication of curious potential mechanisms for producing non-Hermitian baryon asymmetry. In addition, the formalism described in this study is expected to apply more generally to other Hamiltonians with four-fermion interactions and thus the effects of the non-Hermitian bilinears are likely to be generic.
We investigate the impact of non-Hermiticity on the thermodynamic properties of interacting fermions by examining bilinear extensions to the 3+1 dimensional SU(2)-symmetric Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model of quantum chromodynamics at finite temperature and chemical potential. The system is modified through the anti-PT-symmetric pseudoscalar bilinear ψ¯γ5ψ and the PT-symmetric pseudovector bilinear iBνψ¯γ5γνψ, introduced with a coupling g. Beyond the possibility of dynamical fermion mass generation at finite temperature and chemical potential, our findings establish model-dependent changes in the position of the chiral phase transition and the critical end-point. These are tunable with respect to g in the former case, and both g and |B|/B0 in the latter case, for both lightlike and spacelike fields. Moreover, the behavior of the quark number, entropy, pressure and energy densities signal a potential fermion or antifermion excess compared to the standard NJL model, due to the pseudoscalar and pseudovector extension respectively. In both cases regions with negative interaction measure I=ϵ−3p are found. Future indications of such behaviors in strongly interacting fermion systems, for example in the context of neutron star physics, may point toward the presence of non-Hermitian contributions. These trends provide a first indication of curious potential mechanisms for producing non-Hermitian baryon asymmetry. In addition, the formalism described in this study is expected to apply more generally to other Hamiltonians with four-fermion interactions and thus the effects of the non-Hermitian bilinears are likely to be generic.
We investigate the impact of non-Hermiticity on the thermodynamic properties of interacting fermions by examining bilinear extensions to the 3+1 dimensional SU(2)-symmetric Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model of quantum chromodynamics at finite temperature and chemical potential. The system is modified through the anti-PT-symmetric pseudoscalar bilinear ψ¯γ5ψ and the PT-symmetric pseudovector bilinear iBνψ¯γ5γνψ, introduced with a coupling g. Beyond the possibility of dynamical fermion mass generation at finite temperature and chemical potential, our findings establish model-dependent changes in the position of the chiral phase transition and the critical end-point. These are tunable with respect to g in the former case, and both g and |B|/B0 in the latter case, for both lightlike and spacelike fields. Moreover, the behavior of the quark number, entropy, pressure, and energy densities signal a potential fermion or antifermion excess compared to the standard NJL model, due to the pseudoscalar and pseudovector extension respectively. In both cases regions with negative interaction measure I=ϵ−3p are found. Future indications of such behaviors in strongly interacting fermion systems, for example in the context of neutron star physics, may point toward the presence of non-Hermitian contributions. These trends provide a first indication of curious potential mechanisms for producing non-Hermitian baryon asymmetry. In addition, the formalism described in this study is expected to apply more generally to other Hamiltonians with four-fermion interactions and thus the effects of the non-Hermitian bilinears are likely to be generic.
Based on electron-positron collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider II storage rings, the value of R≡σ(e+e−→hadrons)/σ(e+e−→μ+μ−) is measured at 14 center-of-mass energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV. The resulting uncertainties are less than 3.0%, and are dominated by systematic uncertainties.
Based on electron-positron collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider II storage rings, the value of R≡σ(e+e−→hadrons)/σ(e+e−→μ+μ−) is measured at 14 center-of-mass energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV. The resulting uncertainties are less than 3.0%, and are dominated by systematic uncertainties.
Based on electron-positron collision data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage rings, the value of R≡σ(e+e−→hadrons)/σ(e+e−→μ+μ−) is measured at 14 center-of-mass energies from 2.2324 to 3.6710 GeV. The resulting uncertainties are less than 3.0%, and are dominated by systematic uncertainties.
Acute brain injuries such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke have been reported in critically ill COVID-19 patients as well as in patients treated with veno-venous (VV)-ECMO independently of their COVID-19 status. The purpose of this study was to compare critically ill COVID-19 patients with and without VV-ECMO treatment with regard to acute neurological symptoms, pathological neuroimaging findings (PNIF) and long-term deficits. The single center study was conducted in critically ill COVID-19 patients between February 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. Demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters were extracted from the hospital’s databases. Retrospective imaging modalities included head computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Follow-up MRI and neurological examinations were performed on survivors > 6 months after the primary occurrence. Of the 440 patients, 67 patients received VV-ECMO treatment (15%). Sixty-four patients (24 with VV-ECMO) developed acute neurological symptoms (pathological levels of arousal/brain stem function/motor responses) during their ICU stay and underwent neuroimaging with brain CT as the primary modality. Critically ill COVID-19 patients who received VV-ECMO treatment had a significantly lower survival during their hospital stay compared to those without (p < 0.001). Among patients treated with VV-ECMO, 10% showed acute PNIF in one of the imaging modalities during their ICU stay (vs. 4% of patients in the overall COVID-19 ICU cohort). Furthermore, 9% showed primary or secondary ICH of any severity (vs. 3% overall), 6% exhibited severe ICH (vs. 1% overall) and 1.5% were found to have non-hemorrhagic cerebral infarctions (vs. < 1% overall). There was a weak, positive correlation between patients treated with VV-ECMO and the development of acute neurological symptoms. However, the association between the VV-ECMO treatment and acute PNIF was negligible. Two survivors (one with VV-ECMO-treatment/one without) showed innumerable microhemorrhages, predominantly involving the juxtacortical white matter. None of the survivors exhibited diffuse leukoencephalopathy. Every seventh COVID-19 patient developed acute neurological symptoms during their ICU stay, but only every twenty-fifth patient had PNIF which were mostly ICH. VV-ECMO was found to be a weak risk factor for neurological complications (resulting in a higher imaging rate), but not for PNIF. Although logistically complex, repeated neuroimaging should, thus, be considered in all critically ill COVID-19 patients since ICH may have an impact on the treatment decisions and outcomes.
Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder
(2021)
Background: Conduct disorder (CD) rarely occurs alone but is typically accompanied by comorbid psychiatric disorders, which complicates the clinical presentation and treatment of affected youths. The aim of this study was to investigate sex differences in comorbidity pattern in CD and to systematically explore the ‘gender paradox’ and ‘delayed-onset pathway’ hypotheses of female CD.
Methods: As part of the FemNAT-CD multisite study, semistructured clinical interviews and rating scales were used to perform a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of 454 girls and 295 boys with CD (9–18 years), compared to 864 sex- and age-matched typically developing controls.
Results: Girls with CD exhibited higher rates of current major depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder, whereas boys with CD had higher rates of current attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In line with the ‘gender paradox’ hypothesis, relative to boys, girls with CD showed significantly more lifetime psychiatric comorbidities (incl. Alcohol Use Disorder), which were accompanied by more severe CD symptoms. Female and male youths with CD also differed significantly in their CD symptom profiles and distribution of age-of-onset subtypes of CD (i.e. fewer girls with childhood-onset CD). In line with the ‘delayed-onset pathway’ hypothesis, girls with adolescent-onset CD showed similar levels of dimensional psychopathology like boys with childhood-onset CD, while boys with adolescent-onset CD had the lowest levels of internalizing psychopathology.
Conclusions: Within the largest study of CD in girls performed to date, we found compelling evidence for sex differences in comorbidity patterns and clinical presentation of CD. Our findings further support aspects of the ‘gender paradox’ and ‘delayed-onset pathway’ hypotheses by showing that girls with CD had higher rates of comorbid lifetime mental disorders and functional impairments, and they usually developed CD during adolescence. These novel data on sex-specific clinical profiles of CD will be critical in informing intervention and prevention programmes.
Non-forest ecosystems, dominated by shrubs, grasses and herbaceous plants, provide ecosystem services including carbon sequestration and forage for grazing, yet are highly sensitive to climatic changes. Yet these ecosystems are poorly represented in remotely-sensed biomass products and are undersampled by in-situ monitoring. Current global change threats emphasise the need for new tools to capture biomass change in non-forest ecosystems at appropriate scales. Here we assess whether canopy height inferred from drone photogrammetry allows the estimation of aboveground biomass (AGB) across low-stature plant species sampled through a global site network. We found mean canopy height is strongly predictive of AGB across species, demonstrating standardised photogrammetric approaches are generalisable across growth forms and environmental settings. Biomass per-unit-of-height was similar within, but different among, plant functional types. We find drone-based photogrammetry allows for monitoring of AGB across large spatial extents and can advance understanding of understudied and vulnerable non-forested ecosystems across the globe.
The more difficult it is to access a research field, the more substantial the need to develop creative methodological models. Investigating the psychosocial impact of migration-related carceral spaces constitutes one such research field. To shed light on these spaces and counter the challenges of opacity, harm, and power asymmetries, we propose a psycho-geographical counter-mapping as a mixed methods approach based on grounded theory (MM-GT). Applying it to immigration detention and refugee confinement sites in Mexico and Samos, our analysis proposes a fully integrated and sequential design that can be adapted to a range of carceral spaces and subjectivation in transdisciplinary research.
Analyzing (448.1±2.9)×106 ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the ψ(3686)→ωK0SK0S decay is observed for the first time. The branching fraction for this decay is determined to be Bψ(3686)→ωK0SK0S=(7.04±0.39±0.36)×10−5, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.