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Small bowel endoscopy is crucial for diagnosing small bowel Crohn’s disease, and capsule endoscopy is complemented by balloon-assisted enteroscopy to take biopsies and by magnetic resonance imaging to visualize enteral and extra-intestinal involvement. Recently, imaging has also become a key instrument to manage Crohn’s disease patients. Treatment control is advised for patients who have undergone bowel resections and is increasingly used to testify treatment success in non-operated patients, too. In this review we present the modern imaging methods to diagnose and to manage Crohn’s disease with a special focus on the small bowel. Moreover, current knowledge on the impact of diagnostic methods on the patients’ outcome is reported.
Editorial: Michael Heise : The Chief Economist of Allianz SE about the economic outlook for 2011 Research Finance: Andreas Hackethal, Utpal Bhattacharya, Benjamin Loos, Simon Kaesler, Steffen Meyer : "Unbiased Financial Advice – Wanted but not Followed" Research Law: Katja Langenbucher : "Insider Trading in Europe" Research Money/Macro: Thomas Laubach, Michael U. Krause, Matthias Hoffmann : "Long-Run Growth Expectations and Current Account Balances" Policy Platform: Heinz Hilgert, Jan Pieter Krahnen, Günther Merl, Helmut Siekmann : "Proposal for a Reorganisation of the German Landesbanks and Savings Banks Sector" Interview: Viral V. Acharya : "The Dodd-Frank Act Leaves a Lot to be Desired"
"Mir doch egal, ob das jetzt gerecht ist. Hauptsache, ich habe meinen Vorteil!" Wann hätte je ein Politiker, Wirtschaftslenker oder Vertreter einer Interessengruppe so argumentiert? Jeder sagt stattdessen: "Wenn wir unsere Ziele durchsetzen, dann geht es unterm Strich auch in der gesamten Gesellschaft gerechter zu." So begründen beispielsweise alle, die sich an der Diskussion über die Reform des Sozialstaats beteiligen, ihre gegensätzlichen Positionen – etwa zum sogenannten Existenzminimum – mit dem Verweis auf Gebote der Gerechtigkeit, je nach Couleur auch verbunden mit der Forderung, dass sich Leistung (wieder) lohnen müsse.
Background: We aimed to investigate the influences of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on response evaluation, as reflected by the postimperative negative variation (PINV), a slow event-related potential. Methods: We investigated PINV as an indicator of performance uncertainty in an audio-visual contingent negative variation (CNV) paradigm with an interstimulus interval of 3 seconds. A constant, unilateral, quick motor reaction with either the right or the left thumb was required after an auditory forewarned (S1) visual imperative stimulus (S2). We examined 18 ADHD patients (combined or hyperactive-impulsive subtype) aged between 8 and 14 years and an age-, sex and IQ-matched control group of 19 healthy subjects using 64-channel high-density EEG. A first run was recorded drug-free, a second one under methylphenidate (MPH) medication in the ADHD group. Results: We found a significantly increased negativity of the PINV-component over the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in ADHD children compared to the healthy control group. PINV amplitude was influenced by movement side, most likely due to the slightly more difficult task when left hand responses were required. After the intake of MPH, PINV amplitudes of ADHD children normalized. Conclusions: We conclude that children with ADHD are likely to be more uncertain about the correctness of their performance and interpret the increased PINV as a hint towards compensatory mechanisms for a deficit in the evaluation of contingencies. Further studies are needed to assess the exact extent to which remainders of eye-movement related potentials contribute to PINV amplitude despite the correction for eye-artifacts.
Introduction: This study presents our online-teaching material within the k-MED project (Knowledge in Medical Education) at the university of Marburg. It is currently organized in five e-learning modules: cytogenetics, chromosomal aberrations, formal genetics, fundamentals of molecular diagnostics, and congenital abnormalities and syndromes. These are basic courses intended to do the educational groundwork, which will enable academic teachers to concentrate on more sophisticated topics during their lectures. Methods: The e-learning modules have been offered to a large group of about 3300 students during four years at the Faculty of Medicine in Marburg. The group consists of science students (human biology) and medical students in the preclinical or the clinical period, respectively. Participants were surveyed on acceptance by evaluating user-tracking data and questionnaires. Results and Conclusion: Analysis of the evaluation data proofs the broad acceptance of the e-learning modules during eight semesters. The courses are in stable or even increasing use from winter term 2005/06 until spring term 2009. Conclusion: Our e-learning-model is broadly accepted among students with different levels of knowledge at the Faculty of Medicine in Marburg. If the e-learning courses are maintained thoroughly, minor adaptations can increase acceptance and usage even furthermore. Their use should be extended to the medical education of technical assistances and nurses, who work in the field of human genetics. Keywords: Human genetics, e-Learning, evaluation, multimedia
The aim of this paper is to examine what has been the role of information provision to the market throughout the crisis. We consider two main sources of information to the market, financial statements and information provided by credit rating agencies. We examine how these sources of information work and the effectiveness of their disclosure process during the crisis. Contrary to the commonly held view, fair value accounting did not have a major impact on the crisis development and severity. However, the structure and lack of accountability of credit rating agencies had a profound impact on their incentives, which may have jeopardized the accuracy of the whole rating process. We claim that the crisis experience has changed the way we think about information as well as market discipline and discuss policy implications and proposals for regulation. JEL Classification: G01, G24, G28, M41, M48
Prepared by Christian Laux, Vienna University of Economics and Business & Center for Financial Studies (CFS) for the “Workshop on Liquidity Premium in Solvency II: Conceptual and Measurement Issues,” DNB Amsterdam, March 18, 2011. The insurance industry and the Committee of European Insurance and Occupational Pension Supervisors (CEIOPS) propose to add a liquidity premium to the risk-free rate when discounting liabilities in times of financial turmoil. The objective is to counterbalance adverse effects on regulatory capital due to a decrease in asset values caused by illiquidity in a crisis. As I argue in this note, although the motive might be sensible, the proposal to add a liquidity premium when discounting liabilities is not the right approach to tackle the problem.
In this paper we challenge the view that corporate bonds are always arm’s length debt. We analyze the effect of bond ratings on the stock price return to acquirers in M&A transactions, which tend to have significant effects on creditor wealth. We find acquirers abnormal returns to be higher if they are unrated, controlling for a wide variety of other effects identified in the literature. Tracing the difference in returns to distinct managerial decisions, we find that, everything else constant, rated firms increase their leverage in takeover transactions by less than their unrated counterparts. Consistent with a significant role for rating agencies, we find monitoring effects to be strongest when acquirer bonds are rated at the borderline between investment grade and junk. Finally, we are able to empirically exclude a large number of alternative explanations for the empirical regularities that we uncover. JEL Classification: G21, G24, G32, G34 Keywords: Acquisitions, Credit Ratings, Mergers and Acquisitions, Arm’s Length Debt, Abnormal Returns
This paper outlines a new method for using qualitative information to analyze the monetary policy strategy of central banks. Quantitative assessment indicators that are extracted from a central bank's public statements via the balance statistic approach are employed to estimate a Taylor-type rule. This procedure allows to directly capture a policymaker's assessments of macroeconomic variables that are relevant for its decision making process. As an application of the proposed method the monetary policy of the Bundesbank is re-investigated with a new dataset. One distinctive feature of the Bundesbank's strategy consisted of targeting growth in monetary aggregates. The analysis using the proposed method provides evidence that the Bundesbank indeed took into consideration monetary aggregates but also real economic activity and inflation developments in its monetary policy strategy since 1975. JEL Classification: E52, E58, N14 Keywords: Monetary Policy Rule, Statement Indicators, Bundesbank, Monetary Targeting
In seiner ausführlichen Untersuchung unterschiedlicher philosophischer Ansätze zum Prinzip „Verantwortung“ führt Ludger Heidbrink (2003) aus, dass die Standardtheorie der „Verantwortung“ auf drei Pfeilern beruhe, „dem Subjekt der Verantwortung, dem Objekt der Verantwortung und der Instanz der Verantwortung“ (ebd.: S. 21 f.; Hervorhebung von B. H.). Dabei bezieht er sich auf einige philosophische Ansätze, die Verantwortung in einer mehrstelligen Relation verstehen: Eine Person hat (1) Verantwortung für etwas (2) vor und gegenüber jemandem (3) und wird nach Maßgabe von gewissen Kriterien beurteilt (4) (u. a. Lenk/Maring 1993; Höffe 1993). An dieser Definition wird deutlich, dass es sich bei „Verantwortung“ um ein zutiefst soziales Handlungsprinzip dreht, denn eine Person, die verantwortlich handelt, tritt immer in irgendeiner Form in Interaktion mit ihrer sozialen Umwelt. So kümmern sich beispielsweise Eltern um ihre Kinder; Arbeitsnehmer stellen im Rahmen kollegialer Arbeitsteilung ein Produkt her oder erfüllen eine Dienstleistung für einen Kunden. Selbst wer sich gegenüber einem Tier oder der Natur verantwortlich verhält, erfüllt dabei eine moralische Norm, deren Einhaltung die Gesellschaft von ihm erwartet. Daran wird deutlich, dass eine Person, auch wenn sie sich in ihrem Handeln nicht direkt auf andere Menschen bezieht, gegenüber Personen oder Instanzen die Folgen ihres Verhaltens verantworten muss, was bedeutet, dass sie im Rahmen der Rechenschaftspflicht letztlich auch in eine Interaktion mit anderen Menschen tritt. Nur von mündigen Menschen kann Verantwortung für ihr Handeln erwartet werden. Der intersubjektive Charakter des Verantwortungspostulats lässt normalerweise auch zu, dass sich die beteiligten Personen über die Voraussetzungen verständigen können, unter denen das geforderte Handeln möglich ist oder war. Denn meistens genügt allein der Willen einer Person nicht zur Übernahme von Verantwortung.
Der Text Konstitutive Regeln – normativ oder nicht? Ein Blick auf ihre Rolle in Praktiken geht der Frage nach, ob – und wenn ja, in welcher Weise – konstitutive Regeln normativ sind. Die Herausforderung besteht darin, dass diese Regeln bzw. ihre Befolgung womöglich durchweg in nicht-normativen Begriffen beschrieben werden können – nämlich im Wesentlichen als Erfüllung notwendiger und/oder hinreichender Bedingungen. Natürlich kann man, aus welchen Gründen auch immer, jederzeit fordern, einer konstitutiven Regel Folge zu leisten. Aber damit würde Normativität ‚von außen‘ an solche Regeln herangetragen; in Frage steht aber, ob diese Regeln selbst normativ sind. Für eine derartige ‚interne‘ Normativität spricht sicherlich unser Umgang mit diesen Regeln und auch unser alltägliches Reden über sie. So beschreiben wir in unserer Alltagspraxis etwa das Befolgen von Spielregeln (als Paradebeispiele für konstitutive Regeln) als etwas, das korrekt ist oder getan werden soll – und Abweichungen entsprechend als Verletzungen. Der Überlegungsgang des Textes ist zweigeteilt: In einem ersten Schritt werden einige Arten von konstitutiven Regeln unterschieden. Der systematische Ertrag dieser begrifflichen Überlegungen besteht in dem Vorschlag, dass manche Arten von konstitutiven Regeln ganz problemlos als auch normative Phänomene charakterisierbar sind, andere hingegen nicht. In einem zweiten Schritt wird vor allem zu zeigen versucht, dass einige der wirklichen ‚Problemfälle‘ konstitutiver Regeln zumindest als schwach-normative Regeln beschrieben werden können (im Unterschied zu stark-normativen Phänomenen wie Verpflichtungen oder Verbote). Die ‚schwache Normativität‘ dieser Regeln kommt zum Vorschein, wenn man ihre Rolle in Praktiken betrachtet – insbesondere die Art und Weise, wie sich Akteure in diesen Praktiken unter Berufung auf konstitutive Regeln kritisieren, ohne sich dabei bereits als verpflichtet zu behandeln, diese Regeln zu befolgen.
Wer sich mit Wahnsinn in der (italienischen) Literatur beschäftigt, denkt sofort an den sizilianischen Schriftsteller Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936). Abgesehen von den pirandellianischen Masken, die in den alltäglichen Sprachgebrauch des Italienischen dermaßen eingeflossen sind, dass sie mittlerweile fast schon den Status eines Allgemeinplatzes innehaben, bildet der Wahnsinn zweifellos die häufigste Assoziation mit dem Autor, dem 1934 der Literatur-Nobelpreis verliehen wurde. Dies hat sowohl intra- als auch extratextuelle Gründe. In einem Großteil seiner Texte – dies betrifft alle drei Gattungen: Lyrik, Epik und Drama – verliert mindestens ein Charakter den Verstand. Der Wahnsinn wird dabei oftmals bereits im Titel angedeutet. ...
Afyonkarahisar ist eine der größeren Städte im westlichen Kleinasien, die auf eine sehr alte wie auch reiche Geschichte zurückblicken kann. Schon im Altertum ist Akroinon (Ακροϊνόν), wie Afyon damals von den Griechen genannt wurde, ein reges kulturelles Zentrum. Diese Stellung hat der Ort sich bis heute bewahrt als Hauptstadt der gleichnamigen türkischen Provinz Afyonkarahisar (Afyonkarahisar İli). Gemeinhin rechnet man deren Territorium dem ägäischen Raum zu. Genau genommen erstreckt es sich jedoch über drei geographische Zonen: Der größte Teil gehört in der Tat der Ägäischen Zone (Ege Bölgesi) an. Der die Distrikte (İlçe) von Başmakçı, Dinar, Dazkırı und Evciler umfassende Südzipfel macht Teil der Mediterranen Zone (Akdeniz Bölgesi) aus während einige Landstriche im Nordosten und Osten bereits zu Inneranatolien (İçanadolu Bölgesi) gehören. ...
A mechanism for locally density-dependent dynamic parton rearrangement and fusion has been implemented into the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) approach. The same mechanism has been previously built in the Quark Gluon String Model (QGSM). This rearrangement and fusion approach based on parton coalescence ideas enables the description of multi-particle interactions, namely 3 -> 3 and 3 -> 2, between (pre)hadronic states in addition to standard binary interactions. The UrQMD model (v2.3) extended by these additional processes allows to investigate implications of multi-particle interactions on the reaction dynamics of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The mechanism, its implementation and first results of this investigation are presented and discussed.
There is ample empirical evidence documenting widespread financial illiteracy and limited pension knowledge. At the same time, the distribution of wealth is widely dispersed and many workers arrive on the verge of retirement with few or no personal assets. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between financial literacy and household net worth, relying on comprehensive measures of financial knowledge designed for a special module of the DNB (De Nederlandsche Bank) Household Survey. Our findings provide evidence of a strong positive association between financial literacy and net worth, even after controlling for many determinants of wealth. Moreover, we discuss two channels through which financial literacy might facilitate wealth accumulation. First, financial knowledge increases the likelihood of investing in the stock market, allowing individuals to benefit from the equity premium. Second, financial literacy is positively related to retirement planning, and the development of a savings plan has been shown to boost wealth. Overall, financial literacy, both directly and indirectly, is found to have a strong link to household wealth. JEL Classification: D91, D12, J26 Keywords: Financial Education, Savings and Wealth Accumulation, Retirement Preparation, Knowledge of Finance and Economics, Overconfidence, Stock Market Participation
This paper studies the impact of the concentration of control, the type of controlling shareholder and the dividend tax preference of the controlling shareholder on dividend policy for a panel of 220 German firms over 1984-2005. While the concentration of control does not have an effect on the dividend payout, there is strong evidence that the type of controlling shareholder matters as family controlled firms have high dividend payouts whereas bank controlled firms have low dividend payouts. However, there is no evidence that the dividend preference of the large shareholder has an impact on the dividend decision. JEL Classification: G32, G35 Keywords: Dividend Policy, Payout Policy, Lintner Dividend Model, Tax Clientele Effects, Corporate Governance
Poster presentation from Twentieth Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting: CNS*2011 Stockholm, Sweden. 23-28 July 2011. Background: Oscillatory activity in high-beta and gamma bands (20-80Hz) is known to play an important role in cortical processing being linked to cognitive processes and behavior. Beta/gamma oscillations are thought to emerge in local cortical circuits via two mechanisms: the interaction between excitatory principal cells and inhibitory interneurons – the pyramidal-interneuron gamma (PING) [1], and in networks of coupled inhibitory interneurons under tonic excitation – the interneuronal gamma (ING) [2]. Experimental evidence underlines the important role of inhibitory interneurons and especially of the fast spiking (FS) interneurons [3,4]. We show in simulation that an important property of FS neurons, namely the membrane resonance (frequency preference), represents an additional mechanism – the resonance induced gamma (RING), i.e. modulation of oscillatory discharge by resonance. RING promotes frequency stability and enables oscillations in purely excitatory networks. Methods: Local circuits were modeled with small world networks of 80% excitatory and 20% inhibitory neuron populations interconnected in small-world topology by realistic conductance-based synapses. Neuron populations were leaky integrate and fire (LIF) or Izhikevich resonator (RES) neurons. We also tested networks of purely inhibitory and purely excitatory RES neurons. Networks were stimulated with miniature postsynaptic potentials (MINIs) [5] and with low frequency sinusoidal (0.5 Hz) input that mimics the effect of gratings passing trough the visual field. The activity was calibrated to match recordings from cat visual cortex (firing rate, oscillatory activity). Results: Sinusoidal input modulates network oscillation frequency. This effect is most prominent in IF excitatory and IF inhibitory (IF-IF) networks and less prominent (about 4 times) in IF-RES or RES-IF networks where frequency remains relatively stable. The most stable frequency was observed in networks of pure resonators (RES-RES, None-RES, RES-None). Interestingly, purely excitatory RES networks (RES-None) were also able to exhibit oscillations through RING. By contrast purely excitatory or inhibitory IF networks (IF-None, None-IF) were not able to express oscillations under these conditions, matching experimental parameters. Conclusions: In both PING and ING, adding membrane resonance to principal cells or inhibitory interneurons stabilizes network oscillation frequency via the RING mechanism. Notably, in networks of purely excitatory networks, where ING and PING are not defined, oscillations can emerge via the RING mechanism if membrane resonance is expressed. Thus, RING appears as a potentially important mechanism for promoting stable network oscillations.
Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz des „Blauen Engel“ ++ Handbuch Umweltsoziologie erschienen ++ Befragungen in Future Fleet begonnen ++ Fokusgruppen zur Nutzung von Elektrofahrzeugen abgeschlossen ++ Exploration im Sahel ++ Nachhaltig Bauen und Wohnen in Luxemburg ++ „Cariteam“ öffnet Perspektiven bei der Arbeitssuche ++ Abschlusskonferenz von „Nachhaltig Handeln“ im Mai ++ Freude über Wasser für Schulgarten in Namibia ++ Expertenrunde zu Wasser auf der Frankfurt Global Business Week ++ EU-Projekt zu Umweltrisiken von Medika menten ++ Gutachten zur CO2-Bilanz von Wald projekten ++ Vortragsreihe zu Wasser ++ Termine ++ Publikationen
Zwanzig Prozent würden Elektroautos kaufen ++ Forschungszentrum BiK-F verlängert ++ Erste Ergebnisse zu Smart-Metering ++ Kölner „KlimaHaushalte“ geworben ++ Gutachten zu Bauen und Wohnen in Luxemburg ++ Abschlusskonferenz zu nachhaltigem Konsum ++ Leitfaden zu nachhaltigem Handeln in Beruf und Alltag ++ Fahrradförderung in Mittel- und Osteuropa ++ Homepage zu Migration und Klimawandel ++ Chancen in der Postwachstumsgesellschaft ++ Termine ++ Publikationen
The intensive foraging of insectivorous birds and bats is well known to reduce the density of arboreal herbivorous arthropods but quantification of collateral leaf damage remains limited for temperate forest canopies. We conducted exclusion experiments with nets in the crowns of young and mature oaks, Quercus robur, in south and central Germany to investigate the extent to which aerial vertebrates reduce herbivory through predation. We repeatedly estimated leaf damage throughout the vegetation period. Exclusion of birds and bats led to a distinct increase in arthropod herbivory, emphasizing the prominent role of vertebrate predators in controlling arthropods. Leaf damage (e.g., number of holes) differed strongly between sites and was 59% higher in south Germany, where species richness of vertebrate predators and relative oak density were lower compared with our other study site in central Germany. The effects of bird and bat exclusion on herbivory were 19% greater on young than on mature trees in south Germany. Our results support previous studies that have demonstrated clear effects of insectivorous vertebrates on leaf damage through the control of herbivorous arthropods. Moreover, our comparative approach on quantification of leaf damage highlights the importance of local attributes such as tree age, forest composition and species richness of vertebrate predators for control of arthropod herbivory.
Nonequilibrium phase transitions in chiral fluid dynamics including dissipation and fluctuation
(2011)
Chiral fluid dynamics combines the fluid dynamic expansion of a hot and dense plasma created in a heavy-ion collision with the explicit propagation of fluctuations at the chiral phase transition of quantum chromodynamics. From systems in equilibrium long-range fluctuations are expected at a conjectured critical point. Heavy-ion collisions are, however, finite in size and time and very dynamic. It is thus likely that nonequilibrium effects diminish the signal of a critical point. They can, however, stimulate phenomena at a first order phase transitions, like nucleation and spinodal decomposition. Both of phase transition scenarios are investigated in this work. Based on the linear sigma model with constituent quarks a consistent quantum field theoretical approach using the two-particle irreducible effective action is developed to derive both, the local equilibrium properties of the expanding quark fluid and the damping and noise terms in the Langevin equation of the order parameter of the phase transition, the sigma field. Within this formalism it is possible to obtain a conserved energy-momentum tensor of the coupled system. It describes the energy dissipation from the sigma field to the heat bath during relaxation. Within this model we investigate nonequilibrium phenomena in a scenario with a critical point and a first order phase transition. We observe long relaxation times at the phase transition, phase coexistence at the first order phase transition and critical slowing down at the critical point. We find a substantial supercooling in a first order phase transition in our model and due to the energy-momentum exchange also reheating is present. While at the critical point the correlation length increases slightly we find an enhanced intensity of nonequilibrium fluctuations at the first order phase transition, which leads to an increased production of sigma mesons.
We present the current status of hybrid approaches to describe heavy ion collisions and their future challenges and perspectives. First we present a hybrid model combining a Boltzmann transport model of hadronic degrees of freedom in the initial and final state with an optional hydrodynamic evolution during the dense and hot phase. Second, we present a recent extension of the hydrodynamical model to include fluctuations near the phase transition by coupling a chiral field to the hydrodynamic evolution.
Editorial: Jürgen Stark : The ECB's Chief Economist about inflation targeting, liquidity support and the sovereign debt crisis Research Finance: Yulia Plyakha, Raman Uppal, Grigory Vilkov : "Why Does the Equally Weighted Portfolio Outperform the Value and Price Weighted Portfolios?" Research Law: Manfred Wandt : "Legal Objectives of the Solvency II Framework Directive" Research E-Finance: Roman Beck, Timm Pintner, Martin Wolf : "Individual Mindfulness to Mitigate Information Overload within Financial Organizations" Policy Platform: Peter Gomber, Björn Arndt, Marco Lutat, Tim Uhle : "Regulation of High-Frequency Trading – A European Perspective" Interview: Norbert Walter : "The Risko of Compromising on Price Stability Must not be Taken"
Editorial: Jens Weidmann : "Central Banks and Monetary Policy after the Crisis" Research Finance: Holger Kraft,Claus Munk : "Optimal Housing, Consumption, and Investment Decisions over the Life Cycle" Research Money/Macro: Ester Faia, Eleni Iliopulos : "Financial Globalization and Monetary Policy" Research Law: Andreas Cahn, D. Schöneberger : "Shareholder Governance in Europe" Policy Platform: Michael Haliassos, Dimitri Vayanos : "Getting Greece Back on Track: How?" Interview: Raimond Maurer, Ralph Rogalla : "Longevity Risk and Capital Markets Solutions"
Mohammeds Frage : Versuche zur theologischen Differenzierung von Vergeltung und Vergebung im Islam
(2011)
Schwerpunktthema: Lernrisiken
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Vorwort - Inhaltsverzeichnis
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Kompakt
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Bewegung – vielseitige Medizin, die wirkt. Dosierte körperliche Aktivität bei chronischen Erkrankungen steigert Gesundheit und Lebensqualität. [Christian Thiel, Lutz Vogt, Winfried Banzer]
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»Eigentlich ist es nichts Besonderes – und genau das ist gut so!« Nordic Walking in der Onkologie. [Marita Dannenmann]
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Belastungssteuerung im Spitzensport. Informations-Vorsprung für Trainer und Athleten. [Christian Thiel, Winfried Banzer]
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Wenn Bartonellen ihre Anker auswerfen. Bartonella henselae verbindet Infektionsforschung mit Blutgefäßwachstum. [Christiane Beerlage, Fiona O'Rourke und Volkhard A. J. Kempf]
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Verantwortung für die eigene Gesundheit fördern. Bewegungsprogramme stärken Langzeitarbeitslose über 50. [Lars Gabrys, Lutz Vogt]
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Kinder-Onkologie: Freude durch und an Bewegung. Pädiatrische Stammzelltransplantation und Bewegungstherapie. [Beate Meichsner]
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Privatanleger ignorieren guteAnlageberatung: Fundierte und unabhängige Empfehlungen gerne gefordert – aber nicht befolgt. [Andreas Hackethal et al.]
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»Japan danach«: Irritation jenseits kollektiver Harmonie. Zu den vielen Wahrheiten von Fukushima und der Frage nach einer kritischen Öffentlichkeit. [Lisette Gebhardt]
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Kinder kritzeln, zeichnen und malen – Warum eigentlich? Von der Welt- und Selbsterkundung. [Georg Peez]
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Die Leiden des jungen »Gretchen« Ein Frankfurter Kriminalfall anno 1771/1772: Der Prozess gegen die Kindsmörderin Susanna Margaretha Brandt. [Kent D. Lerch, Sascha Ziemann und Jörg Ziethen]
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Kleist Special: Der Unerschöpfliche - Der Unvergessene. Auch 200 Jahre nach seinem Tod: Heinrich von Kleist passt in kein Schema.
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»...zu leben in einer Zeit, die vorbei, oder nicht da ist« – Von einem, der auszog – Kleists Suche nach einer Lebensform über den Augenblick hinaus. [Nora Khuon]
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Die Doppelrolle eines simplen Strichs. Wenn der Erzähler erzählt, ohne zu erzählen – Zu Kleists (Gedanken)Strichen. [Waltraud Wiethölter]
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»Gott, mein Vater!« Neues von der Marquise von O… [Andreas Kraß]
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»Verwahr’ es wohl, es wird dir dereinst das Leben retten!« Kleist und die Biopolitik. [Davide Giuriato]
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»Der Krüge schönster ist entzwei geschlagen« Komik in der Materialität des Körpers und des Zeichens. [Heinz Drügh]
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»Was weiter erfolgte, brauchen wir nicht zu melden ...« Heinrich von Kleists »Poetik der Unschärfe«. [Christian Metz]
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»O tief, tief sinkt die Schale des Glückes« Seine zwei letzten Jahre in Berlin: Kleist als Herausgeber der ersten Berliner Tageszeitung - Das heiter inszenierte Ende am Kleinen Wannsee. [Lisette Nichtweiss]
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Von der wundersamen Vermehrung der Kleist-Lektüre. Im Gedenkjahr 2011 erweitern neue Bücher und Biografien das Wissen über den Dichter und Dramatiker. [Lisette Nichtweiss]
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Gerechtigkeit vor der Höhe. Auch das ambitionierte Projekt »Justitia Amplificata« arbeitet am Forschungskolleg Humanwissenschaften in Bad Homburg v.d.H. [Bernd Frye]
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Ein Personal Trainer mit Allround-Angebot. Goethe-Unibator ebnet Lehramtsstudenten den Weg in die Selbstständigkeit. [Anne Hardy und Mathias Wagenhoff]
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Gute Bücher
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Vorschau - Impressum
Adhesion and host cell modulation: critical pathogenicity determinants of Bartonella henselae
(2011)
Bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease and the vasculoproliferative disorders bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatis, contains to date two groups of described pathogenicity factors: adhesins and type IV secretion systems. Bartonella adhesin A (BadA), the Trw system and possibly filamentous hemagglutinin act as promiscous or specific adhesins, whereas the virulence locus (Vir)B/VirD4 type IV secretion system modulates a variety of host cell functions. BadA mediates bacterial adherence to endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins and triggers the induction of angiogenic gene programming. The VirB/VirD4 type IV secretion system is responsible for, e.g., inhibition of host cell apoptosis, bacterial persistence in erythrocytes, and endothelial sprouting. The Trw-conjugation system of Bartonella spp. mediates host-specific adherence to erythrocytes. Filamentous hemagglutinins represent additional potential pathogenicity factors which are not yet characterized. The exact molecular functions of these pathogenicity factors and their contribution to an orchestral interplay need to be analyzed to understand B. henselae pathogenicity in detail.
Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: 1. Das Früherkennungssystem des § 91 Abs. 2 AktG ist kein „Risiko“-Früherkennungssystem, wie dies der IDW PS 340 annimmt. Daraus folgen zu weit reichende angebliche Risikomanagement- und Prüfpflichten. Eine fortlaufende und ständige Erfassung, Bewertung und Analyse von Einzelrisiken ist nämlich nicht erforderlich. Zwar mag im Einzelfall eine Risikosteuerung angezeigt sein, die sich einem umfassenden Risikomanagement annähert. Die über § 91 Abs. 2 AktG hinausgehenden Maßnahmen ergeben sich dann aber aus §§ 76, 93 AktG und sind insofern auch nicht Prüfungsgegenstand des Abschlussprüfers nach § 317 Abs. 4 HGB. 2. Der IDW PS 340 blendet die zentral wichtige Liquiditätssteuerung aus. Hier ist er zu eng und nicht spezifisch genug. Bestandsgefährdende Entwicklungen können nämlich auch durch Liquiditätsrisiken entstehen. § 91 Abs. 2 AktG verpflichtet daher die Gesellschaft zur Aufstellung eines Finanzplans, der künftige Zahlungsein- und Zahlungsausgänge einander gegenüberstellt. 3. Der IDW PS 340 besteht nicht hinreichend deutlich auf schriftlicher Dokumentation des Früherkennungssystems. Denn eine schriftliche Fixierung von Früherkennungs- und Überwachungssystem dient nicht nur der Funktionsfähigkeit dieser Systeme, sondern bildet auch die Prüfungsgrundlage, ohne die dem Abschlussprüfer eine hinreichende Prüfung nicht möglich ist.
The title compound, C15H25N5, is an aminalization product between 2,6-diacetylpyridine and 1,3-diaminopropane. It crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit with different conformations. In the first molecule, the methyl groups are cis oriented with respect to the pyridine ring [N—C—C—C torsion angles = 72.5 (1) and 80.3 (1)°], while they are trans oriented in the second molecule [N—C—C—C torsion angles = 82.6 (1) and -90.8 (1)°]. Each of the two molecules forms centrosymmetric dimers held together by N—H[cdots, three dots, centered]N hydrogen bonds, thus forming R 2 2(16) rings. The two dimers are interlinked by additional N—H[cdots, three dots, centered]N bonds into R 4 4(14) rings, building chains along the a axis. These patterns influence the orientation (either equatorial or axial) of the N—H bonds.
We revisit the role of time in measuring the price impact of trades using a new empirical method that combines spread decomposition and dynamic duration modeling. Previous studies which have addressed the issue in a vector-autoregressive framework conclude that times when markets are most active are times when there is an increased presence of informed trading. Our empirical analysis based on recent European and U.S. data offers challenging new evidence. We find that as trade intensity increases, the informativeness of trades tends to decrease. This result is consistent with the predictions of Admati and Pfleiderer’s (1988) rational expectations model, and also with models of dynamic trading like those proposed by Parlour (1998) and Foucault (1999). Our results cast doubt on the common wisdom that fast markets bear particularly high adverse selection risks for uninformed market participants. JEL Classification: G10, C32 Keywords: Price Impact of Trades, Trading Intensity, Dynamic Duration Models, Spread Decomposition Models, Adverse Selection Risk
Background: Care management programmes are an effective approach to care for high risk patients with complex care needs resulting from multiple co-occurring medical and non-medical conditions. These patients are likely to be hospitalized for a potentially "avoidable" cause. Nurse-led care management programmes for high risk elderly patients showed promising results. Care management programmes based on health care assistants (HCAs) targeting adult patients with a high risk of hospitalisation may be an innovative approach to deliver cost-efficient intensified care to patients most in need. Methods: PraCMan is a cluster randomized controlled trial with primary care practices as unit of randomisation. The study evaluates a complex primary care practice-based care management of patients at high risk for future hospitalizations. Eligible patients either suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure or any combination. Patients with a high likelihood of hospitalization within the following 12 months (based on insurance data) will be included in the trial. During 12 months of intervention patients of the care management group receive comprehensive assessment of medical and non-medical needs and resources as well as regular structured monitoring of symptoms. Assessment and monitoring will be performed by trained HCAs from the participating practices. Additionally, patients will receive written information, symptom diaries, action plans and a medication plan to improve self-management capabilities. This intervention is addition to usual care. Patients from the control group receive usual care. Primary outcome is the number of all-cause hospitalizations at 12 months follow-up, assessed by insurance claims data. Secondary outcomes are health-related quality of life (SF12, EQ5D), quality of chronic illness care (PACIC), health care utilisation and costs, medication adherence (MARS), depression status and severity (PHQ-9), self-management capabilities and clinical parameters. Data collection will be performed at baseline, 12 and 24 months (12 months post-intervention). Discussion: Practice-based care management for high risk individuals involving trained HCAs appears to be a promising approach to face the needs of an aging population with increasing care demands. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN56104508
We present an intertemporal consumption model of consumer investment in financial literacy. Consumers benefit from such investment because their stock of financial literacy allows them to increase the returns on their wealth. Since literacy depreciates over time and has a cost in terms of current consumption, the model determines an optimal investment in literacy. The model shows that financial literacy and wealth are determined jointly, and are positively correlated over the life cycle. Empirically, the model leads to an instrumental variables approach, in which the initial stock of financial literacy (as measured by math performance in school) is used as an instrument for the current stock of literacy. Using microeconomic and aggregate data, we find a strong effect of financial literacy on wealth accumulation and national saving, and also show that ordinary least squares estimates underestate the impact of financial literacy on saving. JEL Classification: E2, D8, G1, J24 Keywords: Financial Literacy, Cognitive Abilities, Human Capital, Saving
Existenzgründung mit dem Goethe-Unibator : Der Goethe-Unibator wurde 2006 von Prof. Dr. Roberto V. Zicari und Prof. Martin Natter gegründet, um Studierenden, wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeitern und Alumni bei der Unternehmensgründung zu helfen. Das Dienstleistungsangebot des Goethe-Unibators begleitet die Unternehmer von der kreativen Ideenfindung über die Analyse und kritische Prüfung des Vorhabens bis zum optimierten Businessplan und der Marktreife. Hierfür stellt das Existenzgründungsnetzwerk Büroräume und technische Infrastruktur zur Verfügung, vor allem aber fachliche Unterstützung. Neben dem qualifizierten Team des Goethe-Unibators stehen den Gründern Professoren als Mentoren über den gesamten Förderzeitraum zur Seite. Zudem steht das umfangreiche und fachübergreifende Expertennetzwerk zur Verfügung. Das Netzwerk besteht aus Professoren der Universität Frankfurt und anderer Hochschulen sowie Experten aus der nationalen und internationalen Wirtschaft und Gründerszene.
Ernst Bloch pointed out in a particularly emphatic way that the concept of human dignity featured centrally in historical struggles against different forms of unjustified rule, i.e. domination – to which one must add that it continues to do so to the present day. The “upright gait,” putting an end to humiliation and insult: this is the most powerful demand, in both political and rhetorical terms, that a “human rights-based” claim expresses. It marks the emergence of a radical, context-transcending reference point immanent to social conflicts which raises fundamental questions concerning the customary opposition between immanent and transcendent criticism. For within the idiom of demanding respect for human dignity, a right is invoked “here and now,” in a particular, context-specific form, which at its core is owed to every human being as a person. Thus Bloch is in one respect correct when he asserts that human rights are not a natural “birthright” but must be achieved through struggle; but in another respect this struggle can develop its social power only if it has a firm and in a certain sense “absolute” normative anchor. Properly understood, it becomes apparent that these social conflicts always affect “two worlds”: the social reality, on the one hand, which is criticized in part or radically in the light of an ideal normative dimension, on the other. For those who engage in this criticism there is no doubt that the normative dimension is no less real than the reality to which they refuse to resign themselves. Those who critically transcend reality always also live elsewhere.
Rezension zu: Julian Millie: Splashed by the saint. Ritual reading and islamic sanctity in West Java
(2011)
"Vom Heiligen bespritzt. Rituelle Lesung und muslimische Heiligkeit in Westjava" ist der aus dem Englischen wörtlich übersetzte Titel einer modernen Ethnografie zum Sunda-Gebiet. Wie in einer klassischen Ethnografie wird ein bestimmtes Ritual ins Zentrum der Untersuchung gerückt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Lesung, die sich auf "Heiligkeit" bezieht und deshalb vom Autor als karamat-Lesung (Arab.: karamat - charismatische und/oder mystische Kraft) bezeichnet wird. Die Lesungen finden entweder im privaten, häuslichen Umfeld oder in einem Pesantren (muslimisches Internat) statt, wo sie von jedem Interessenten besucht werden können. Kern des Rituals sind Texte über Abd al-Qadir al-Jaelani, den die Ritualteilnehmer als Mittler zu Allah verstehen, und an dessen Heiligkeit sie Anteil haben können. Interessant ist dabei, dass Abd al Qadir kein autochthoner Urahn ist. Der Legende nach wurde er 1088 n. Chr. in Gilan im Iran geboren und in Bagdad beerdigt, wo sein Grabmal zu einer Pilgerstätte von Muslimen aus aller Welt geworden ist. Erklärtes Ziel des Autors ist es, zu untersuchen, was ritualisiertes Lesen und die Rezitation sakraler Erzählungen über Islamische Frömmigkeit und über den Raum, den die Texte in der muslimischen Gesellschaft einnehmen, aussagen.