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Background: Prostate cancer is a major health concern in aging men. Paralleling an aging society, prostate cancer prevalence increases emphasizing the need for efcient diagnostic algorithms.
Methods: Retrospectively, 106 prostate tissue samples from 48 patients (mean age,
66 Β± 6.6 years) were included in the study. Patients sufered from prostate cancer (n = 38) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 10) and were treated with radical prostatectomy or Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, respectively. We constructed tissue microarrays (TMAs) comprising representative malignant (n = 38) and benign (n = 68) tissue cores. TMAs were processed to histological slides, stained, digitized and assessed for the applicability of machine learning strategies and openβsource tools in diagnosis of prostate cancer. We applied the software QuPath to extract features for shape, stain intensity, and texture of TMA cores for three stainings, H&E, ERG, and PIN-4. Three machine learning algorithms, neural network (NN), support vector machines (SVM), and random forest (RF), were trained and cross-validated with 100 Monte Carlo random splits into 70% training set and 30% test set. We determined AUC values for single color channels, with and without optimization of hyperparameters by exhaustive grid search. We applied recursive feature elimination to feature sets of multiple color transforms.
Results: Mean AUC was above 0.80. PIN-4 stainings yielded higher AUC than H&E and
ERG. For PIN-4 with the color transform saturation, NN, RF, and SVM revealed AUC of 0.93 Β± 0.04, 0.91 Β± 0.06, and 0.92 Β± 0.05, respectively. Optimization of hyperparameters improved the AUC only slightly by 0.01. For H&E, feature selection resulted in no increase of AUC but to an increase of 0.02β0.06 for ERG and PIN-4.
Conclusions: Automated pipelines may be able to discriminate with high accuracy between malignant and benign tissue. We found PIN-4 staining best suited for classifcation. Further bioinformatic analysis of larger data sets would be crucial to evaluate the reliability of automated classifcation methods for clinical practice and to evaluate potential discrimination of aggressiveness of cancer to pave the way to automatic precision medicine.
Climate change affects ecosystems worldwide and is threatening biodiversity. Insects, as ectotherm organisms, are strongly dependent on the thermal environment. Yet, little is known about the effects of summer heat and drought on insect diversity. In the Mediterranean climate zone, a region strongly affected by climate change, hot summers might have severe effects on insect communities. Especially the larval stage might be sensitive to thermal variation, as larvaeβcompared to other life stagesβcannot avoid hot temperatures and drought by dormancy. Here we ask, whether inter-annual fluctuations in Mediterranean moth diversity can be explained by temperature (TLarv) and precipitation during larval development (HLarv). To address our question, we analyzed moth communities of a Mediterranean coastal forest during the last 20 years. For species with summer-developing larvae, species richness was significantly negatively correlated with TLarv, while the community composition was affected by both, TLarv and HLarv. Therefore, summer-developing larvae seem particularly sensitive to climate change, as hot summers might exceed the larval temperature optima and drought reduces food plant quality. Increasing frequency and severity of temperature and drought extremes due to climate change, therefore, might amplify insect decline in the future.
This prospective study sought to evaluate potential savings of radiation dose to medical staff using real-time dosimetry coupled with visual radiation dose feedback during angiographic interventions. For this purpose, we analyzed a total of 214 angiographic examinations that consisted of chemoembolizations and several other types of therapeutic interventions. The Unfors RaySafe i2 dosimeter was worn by the interventionalist at chest height over the lead protection. A total of 110 interventions were performed with real-time radiation dosimetry allowing the interventionalist to react upon higher x-ray exposure and 104 examinations served as the comparative group without real-time radiation monitoring. By using the real-time display during interventions, the overall mean operator radiation dose decreased from 3.67 (IQR, 0.95β23.01) to 2.36 ΞΌSv (IQR, 0.52β12.66) (β36%; p = 0.032) at simultaneously reduced operator exposure time by 4.5 min (p = 0.071). Dividing interventions into chemoembolizations and other types of therapeutic interventions, radiation dose decreased from 1.31 (IQR, 0.46-3.62) to 0.95 ΞΌSv (IQR, 0.53-3.11) and from 24.39 (IQR, 12.14-63.0) to 10.37 ΞΌSv (IQR, 0.85-36.84), respectively, using live-screen dosimetry (p β€ 0.005). Radiation dose reductions were also observed for the participating assistants, indicating that they could also benefit from real-time visual feedback dosimetry during interventions (β30%; p = 0.039). Integration of real-time dosimetry into clinical processes might be useful in reducing occupational radiation exposure time during angiographic interventions. The real-time visual feedback raised the awareness of interventionalists and their assistants to the potential danger of prolonged radiation exposure leading to the adoption of radiation-sparing practices. Therefore, it might create a safer environment for the medical staff by keeping the applied radiation exposure as low as possible.
Biodiversity patterns of marine crustaceans are still unknown in many locations or might have been overlooked due to our knowledge gaps, despite increasing sampling and data sharing efforts during the last decades. By analysing big data extracted from open portals such as Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) and Global Biodiversity Information System (GBIF), we aim to revisit the distribution and biodiversity patterns of the highly speciose and abundant Crustacea in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) from shallowest depths to the deep sea. This study focussed on selected benthic and pelagic crustacean (sub) classes and their species richness, sampling effort, and expected species richness (ES50) using equal/sized hexagonal cells, 5Β° latitudinal bands, 500 m depth intervals were analyzed. Crustacean species richness was highest in the tropical Philippines as well as around the Japanese islands. Pelagic crustacean species richness peaked at 30Β° latitude and declined beyond that. Benthic taxa; however, depicted high levels of species richness across most of the latitudinal gradient, reaching its highest point at 45Β° latitude. Due to the prevalence of certain crustacean orders in the deep sea, benthic species richness showed a distribution pattern with two distinct peaks across bathymetric gradients; with highest species richness recorded at shallow-water depths and also at abyssal depths. The most important environmental drivers of benthic and pelagic crustacean species richness were primary productivity (positive correlation) and salinity (negative correlation). Our study provides first insights into biodiversity patterns of the highly diverse Crustacea in the NWP and highlights strong differences between benthic and pelagic taxa. The results presented here could help us to better understand whether benthic or pelagic taxa might respond differently to climate changes in the NWP based on their distinct physiological and biological characteristics. This information is crucial in establishing species management strategies and ecosystem restorations in both shallow water and deep-sea environments.
The combination of histological and biomolecular analyses provides deep understanding of different biological processes and is of high interest for basic and applied research. However, the available analytical methods are still limited, especially when considering bone samples. This study compared different fixation media to identify a sufficient analytical method for the combination of histological, immuno-histological and biomolecular analyses of the same fixed, processed and paraffin embedded bone sample. Bone core biopsies of ratsβ femurs were fixed in different media (RNAlater + formaldehyde (R + FFPE), methacarn (MFPE) or formaldehyde (FFPE)) for 1 week prior to decalcification by EDTA and further histological processing and paraffin embedding. Snap freezing (unfixed frozen tissue, UFT) and incubation in RNAlater were used as additional controls. After gaining the paraffin sections for histological and immunohistological analysis, the samples were deparaffined and RNA was isolated by a modified TRIZOL protocol. Subsequently, gene expression was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Comparable histo-morphological and immuno-histological results were evident in all paraffin embedded samples of MFPE, FFPE and R + FFPE. The isolated RNA in the group of MFPE showed a high concentration and high purity, which was comparable to the UFT and RNAlater groups. However, in the groups of FFPE and R + FFPE, the RNA quality and quantity were statistically significantly lower when compared to MFPE, UFT and RNAlater. RT-qPCR results showed a comparable outcome in the group of MFPE and UFT, whereas the groups of FFPE and R + FFPE did not result in a correctly amplified gene product. Sample fixation by means of methacarn is of high interest for clinical samples to allow a combination of histological, immunohistological and biomolecular analysis. The implementation of such evaluation method in clinical research may allow a deeper understanding of the processes of bone formation and regeneration.
Alternating acquisition of background and sample spectra is often employed in conventional Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy or ultravioletβvisible spectroscopy for accurate background subtraction. For example, for solvent background correction, typically a spectrum of a cuvette with solvent is measured and subtracted from a spectrum of a cuvette with solvent and solute. Ultrafast spectroscopies, though, come with many peculiarities that make the collection of well-matched, subtractable background and sample spectra challenging. Here, we present a demountable split-sample cell in combination with a modified Lissajous scanner to overcome these challenges. It allows for quasi-simultaneous measurements of background and sample spectra, mitigating the effects of drifts of the setup and maintaining the beam and sample geometry when swapping between background and sample measurements. The cell is moving between subsequent laser shots to refresh the excited sample volume. With less than 45 ΞΌl of solution for 150 ΞΌm optical thickness, sample usage is economical. Cell assembly is a key step and covered in an illustrated protocol.
Hepatic cells are sensitive to internal and external signals. Ethanol is one of the oldest and most widely used drugs in the world. The focus on the mechanistic engine of the alcohol-induced injury has been in the liver, which is responsible for the pathways of alcohol metabolism. Ethanol undergoes a phase I type of reaction, mainly catalyzed by the cytoplasmic enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and by the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cytochrome (CYP) 2E1 activity and MEOS contribute to ethanol-induced toxicity. We aimed to: (1) Describe the cellular, pathophysiological and clinical effects of alcohol misuse on the liver; (2) Select the biomarkers and analytical methods utilized by the clinical laboratory to assess alcohol exposure; (3) Provide therapeutic ideas to prevent/reduce alcohol-induced liver injury; (4) Provide up-to-date knowledge regarding the Corona virus and its affect on the liver; (5) Link rare diseases with alcohol consumption. The current review contributes to risk identification of patients with alcoholic, as well as non-alcoholic, liver disease and metabolic syndrome. Additional prevalence of ethnic, genetic, and viral vulnerabilities are presented.
Growing up in cities is associated with increased risk for developing mental health problems. Stress exposure and altered stress regulation have been proposed as mechanisms linking urbanicity and psychopathology, with most research conducted in adult populations. Here, we focus on early childhood, and investigate urbanicity, behavior problems and the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a central circuit of the stress system, in a sample of N = 399 preschoolers aged 45 months. Urbanicity was coded dichotomously distinguishing between residences with more or less than 100,000 inhabitants. Behavior problems were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 1Β½ - 5. Cortisol stress reactivity was assessed using an age-appropriated game-like stress task, and cortisol in the first morning urine was measured to assess nocturnal HPA axis activity. Urbanicity was not associated with behavior problems, urinary cortisol or the cortisol stress response. Neither urinary cortisol nor salivary cortisol response after stress exposure were identified as mediators of the relationship between urbanicity and behavior problems. The findings suggest no strong association of urbanicity with behavior problems and HPA axis regulation in preschool age. To our knowledge, this is the youngest sample to date studying the relationship between urbanicity and behavior problems as well as HPA axis regulation. Future research should examine at which age associations can first be identified and which mechanisms contribute to these relationships.
Aim
To compare overall mortality (OM), cancer-specific mortality (CSM), and other cause mortality (OCM) rates between radical prostatectomy (RP) versus radiotherapy (RT) in clinical node-positive (cN1) prostate cancer (PCa).
Materials and Methods
Within Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) (2004β2016), we identified 4685 cN1 PCa patients, of whom 3589 (76.6%) versus 1096 (24.4%) were treated with RP versus RT. After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), KaplanβMeier plots and Cox regression models tested the effect of RP versus RT on OM, while cumulative incidence plots and competing-risks regression (CRR) models addressed CSM and OCM between RP and RT patients. All analyses were repeated after the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). For CSM and OCM analyses, the propensity score was used as a covariate in the regression model.
Results
Overall, RT patients were older, harbored higher prostate-specific antigen values, higher clinical T and higher Gleason grade groups. PSM resulted in two equally sized groups of 894 RP versus 894 RT patients. After PSM, 5-year OM, CSM, and OCM rates were, respectively, 15.4% versus 25%, 9.3% versus 17%, and 6.1% versus 8% for RP versus RT (all pβ<β0.001) and yielded respective multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.63 (0.52β0.78, pβ<β0.001), 0.66 (0.52β0.86, pβ<β0.001), 0.71 (0.5β1.0, pβ=β0.05), all favoring RP. After IPTW, Cox regression models yielded HR of 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]β=β0.46β0.66) for OM, and CRR yielded HRs of 0.49 (0.34β0.70) and 0.54 (0.36β0.79) for, respectively, CSM and OCM, all favoring RP (all pβ<β0.001).
Conclusions
RP may hold a CSM advantage over RT in cN1 PCa patients.
The intensity and the features of sensory stimuli are encoded in the activity of neurons in the cortex. In the visual and piriform cortices, the stimulus intensity rescales the activity of the population without changing its selectivity for the stimulus features. The cortical representation of the stimulus is therefore intensity invariant. This emergence of network-invariant representations appears robust to local changes in synaptic strength induced by synaptic plasticity, even though (i) synaptic plasticity can potentiate or depress connections between neurons in a feature-dependent manner, and (ii) in networks with balanced excitation and inhibition, synaptic plasticity determines the nonlinear network behavior. In this study we investigate the consistency of invariant representations with a variety of synaptic states in balanced networks. By using mean-field models and spiking network simulations, we show how the synaptic state controls the emergence of intensity-invariant or intensity-dependent selectivity. In particular, we demonstrate that an effective power-law synaptic transformation at the population level is necessary for invariance. In a range of firing rates, purely depressing short-term synapses fulfills this condition, and in this case, the network is contrast-invariant. Instead, facilitating short-term plasticity generally narrows the network selectivity. We found that facilitating and depressing short-term plasticity can be combined to approximate a power-law that leads to contrast invariance. These results explain how the physiology of individual synapses is linked to the emergence of invariant representations of sensory stimuli at the network level.
A plethora of modified nucleotides extends the chemical and conformational space for natural occurring RNAs. tRNAs constitute the class of RNAs with the highest modification rate. The extensive modification modulates their overall stability, the fidelity and efficiency of translation. However, the impact of nucleotide modifications on the local structural dynamics is not well characterized. Here we show that the incorporation of the modified nucleotides in tRNAfMet from Escherichia coli leads to an increase in the local conformational dynamics, ultimately resulting in the stabilization of the overall tertiary structure. Through analysis of the local dynamics by NMR spectroscopic methods we find that, although the overall thermal stability of the tRNA is higher for the modified molecule, the conformational fluctuations on the local level are increased in comparison to an unmodified tRNA. In consequence, the melting of individual base pairs in the unmodified tRNA is determined by high entropic penalties compared to the modified. Further, we find that the modifications lead to a stabilization of long-range interactions harmonizing the stability of the tRNAβs secondary and tertiary structure. Our results demonstrate that the increase in chemical space through introduction of modifications enables the population of otherwise inaccessible conformational substates.
Research in social insects has shown that hydrocarbons on their cuticle are species-specific. This has also been proven for Diptera and is a promising tool for identifying important fly taxa in Forensic Entomology. Sometimes the empty puparia, in which the metamorphosis to the adult fly has taken place, can be the most useful entomological evidence at the crime scene. However, so far, they are used with little profit in criminal investigations due to the difficulties of reliably discriminate among different species. We analysed the CHC chemical profiles of empty puparia from seven forensically important blow flies Calliphora vicina, Chrysomya albiceps, Lucilia caesar, Lucilia sericata, Lucilia silvarum, Protophormia terraenovae, Phormia regina and the flesh fly Sarcophaga caerulescens. The aim was to use their profiles for identification but also investigate geographical differences by comparing profiles of the same species (here: C. vicina and L. sericata) from different regions. The cuticular hydrocarbons were extracted with hexane and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results reveal distinguishing differences within the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles allowing for identification of all analysed species. There were also differences shown in the profiles of C. vicina from Germany, Spain, Norway and England, indicating that geographical locations can be determined from this chemical analysis. Differences in L. sericata, sampled from England and two locations in Germany, were less pronounced, but there was even some indication that it may be possible to distinguish populations within Germany that are about 70 km apart from one another.
With the introduction of the virtual allocation crossmatch in the Eurotransplant (ET) region in 2023, the determination of unacceptable antigen mismatches (UAM) in kidney transplant recipients is of utmost importance for histocompatibility laboratories and transplant centers. Therefore, a joined working group of members from the German Society for Immunogenetics (Deutsche Gesellschaft fΓΌr Immungenetik, DGI) and the German Transplantation Society (Deutsche Transplantationsgesellschaft, DTG) revised and updated the previous recommendations from 2015 in light of recently published evidence. Like in the previous version, a wide range of topics is covered from technical issues to clinical risk factors. This review summarizes the evidence about the prognostic value of contemporary methods for HLA antibody detection and identification, as well as the impact of UAM on waiting time, on which these recommendations are based. As no clear criteria could be determined to differentiate potentially harmful from harmless HLA antibodies, the general recommendation is to assign all HLA against which plausible antibodies are found as UAM. There is, however, a need for individualized solutions for highly immunized patients. These revised recommendations provide a list of aspects that need to be considered when assigning UAM to enable a fair and comprehensible procedure and to harmonize risk stratification prior to kidney transplantation between transplant centers.
Mining is one of the major pollution sources worldwide, causing huge disturbances to the environment. Industrial and artisanal mining activities are widespread in Mexico, a major global producer of various metals. This study aimed to assess the ecological impairments resulting from mining activities using aquatic macroinvertebrates assemblages (MA). A multiple co-inertia analysis was applied to determine the relationships between environmental factors, habitat quality, heavy metals, and aquatic macroinvertebrates in 15 study sites in two different seasons (dry and wet) along two rivers running across the Central Plateau of Mexico. The results revealed three contrasting environmental conditions associated with different MAs. High concentrations of heavy metals, nutrients, and salinity limit the presence of several families of seemingly sensitive macroinvertebrates. These factors were found to influence structural changes in MAs, showing that not only mining activities, but also agriculture and presence of villages in the basin, exert adverse effects on macroinvertebrate assemblages. Diversity indices showed that the lowest diversity matched both the most polluted and the most saline rivers. The rivers studied displayed high alkalinity and hardness levels, which can reduce the availability of metals and cause adverse effects on periphyton by inhibiting photosynthesis and damaging MAs. Aquatic biomonitoring in rivers, impacted by mining and other human activities, is critical for detecting the effect of metals and other pollutants to improve management and conservation strategies. This study supports the design of cost-effective and accurate water quality biomonitoring protocols in developing countries.
Generative AI is a game changer β also in the financial sector. Institutions and their IT service providers need to consider carefully: Which AI approach will enable them to implement optimal solutions for themselves and their customers in this highly regulated environment? How did Finanz Informatik, as the savings banksβ digitalization partner, proceed here?
The significance of data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a profound impact on all industries, presenting both challenges and opportunities. Given its power and relevance, AI has not gone unnoticed in the public affairs sector. The upcoming German federal election in 2025 brings discussions about AI to the forefront, raising questions about the extent to which data will drive the public affairs field and how it will be handled.
Customer loyalty is a critical measure for success, showing if a firm's product is received well by its customers. To understand its development over time, two fundamental questions must be answered: (I) How will current customers' loyalty develop, and (II) will new customers' loyalty differ from current customers' loyalty? The authors empirically answer these questions based on a data set including ~500 B2B web technologies with jointly ~325 million customers spanning over 24 years. They show that loyalty hardly develops and, if so, it rather decreases than increases. The loyalty of current customers rarely changes and, if so, rather increases than decreases. New customers are most likely less loyal than current customers. These results show that by failing to account for these underlying developments, stakeholders, in most cases, draw the wrong conclusions about product value measured via customer lifetime value.
Existing table retrieval approaches estimate each tableβs relevance for a particular information need and return a ranking of the most relevant tables. This approach is not ideal since the returned tables often include irrelevant data and the required information may be scattered across multiple tables. To address these issues, we propose the idea of fine-grained structured table retrieval and present our vision of R2D2, a system which slices tables into small tiles that are later composed into a structured result that is tailored to the user-provided information need. An initial evaluation of our approach demonstrates how our idea can improve table retrieval and relevant downstream tasks such as table question answering.
Using about 23ββfβ’bβ1 of data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring, a precise measurement of the π+β’πββπ+β’πββ’π½/π Born cross section is performed at center-of-mass energies from 3.7730 to 4.7008 GeV. Two structures, identified as the πβ‘(4220) and the πβ‘(4320) states, are observed in the energy-dependent cross section with a significance larger than 10β’π. The masses and widths of the two structures are determined to be (π,Ξ)=(4221.4Β±1.5Β±2.0ββMeV/π2,41.8Β±2.9Β±2.7ββMeV) and (π,Ξ)=(4298Β±12Β±26ββMeV/π2,127Β±17Β±10ββMeV), respectively. A small enhancement around 4.5 GeV with a significance about 3β’π, compatible with the πβ‘(4415), might also indicate the presence of an additional resonance in the spectrum. The inclusion of this additional contribution in the fit to the cross section affects the resonance parameters of the πβ‘(4320) state.
The hadronic decay ππβ‘(2β’π)β3β’(π+β’πβ) is observed with a statistical significance of 9.3 standard deviations using (448.1Β±2.9)Γ106ββπβ‘(3686) events collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The measured mass and width of ππβ‘(2β’π) are (3643.4Β±2.3β(stat)Β±4.4β(syst))ββMeV/π2 and (19.8Β±3.9β(stat)Β±3.1β(syst))ββMeV, respectively, which are consistent with the world average values within two standard deviations. The product branching fraction β¬β‘[πβ‘(3686)βπΎβ’ππβ‘(2β’π)]Γβ¬β‘[ππβ‘(2β’π)β3β’(π+β’πβ)] is measured to be (9.2Β±1.0β(stat)Β±1.2β(syst))Γ10β6. Using β¬β‘[πβ‘(3686)βπΎβ’ππβ‘(2β’π)]=(7.β’0+3.4β2.5)Γ10β4, we obtain β¬β‘[ππβ‘(2β’π)β3β’(π+β’πβ)]=(1.31Β±0.15β(stat)Β±0.17β(syst) (+0.64β0.47)β(extr))Γ10β2, where the third uncertainty is from β¬β‘[πβ‘(3686)βπΎβ’ππβ‘(2β’π)]. We also measure the ππβ’π½β3β’(π+β’πβ) (π½=0, 1, 2) decays via πβ²βπΎβ’ππβ’π½ transitions. The branching fractions are β¬β‘[ππβ’0β3β’(π+β’πβ)]=(2.080Β±0.006β(stat)Β±0.068β(syst))Γ10β2, β¬β‘[ππβ’1β3β’(π+β’πβ)]=(1.092Β±0.004β(stat)Β±0.035β(syst))Γ10β2, and β¬β‘[ππβ’2β3β’(π+β’πβ)]=(1.565Β±0.005β(stat)Β±0.048β(syst))Γ10β2.
We report new STAR measurements of the single-spin asymmetries π΄πΏ for π+ and πβ bosons produced in polarized proton-proton collisions at βπ =510ββGeV as a function of the decay-positron and decay-electron pseudorapidity. The data were obtained in 2013 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 250ββpbβ1. The results are combined with previous results obtained with 86ββpbβ1. A comparison with theoretical expectations based on polarized lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering and prior polarized proton-proton data suggests a difference between the Β―π’ and Β―π quark helicity distributions for 0.05<π₯<0.25. In addition, we report new results for the double-spin asymmetries π΄πΏβ’πΏ for πΒ±, as well as π΄πΏ for π/πΎ* production and subsequent decay into electron-positron pairs.
Using a sample of (10.09 Β± 0.04) Γ 109 J/Ο decays collected with the BESIII detector, partial wave analyses of the decay J/Ο β Ξ³K0SK0SΟ0 are performed within the K0SK0SΟ0 invariant mass region below 1.6 GeV/c2. The covariant tensor amplitude method is used in both mass independent and mass dependent approaches. Both analysis approaches exhibit dominant pseudoscalar and axial vector components, and show good consistency for the other individual components. Furthermore, the mass dependent analysis reveals that the K0SK0 SΟ0 invariant mass spectrum for the pseudoscalar component can be well described with two isoscalar resonant states using relativistic Breit-Wigner model, i.e., the Ξ·(1405) with a mass of 1391.7Β±0.7+11.3 β0.3 MeV/c 2 and a width of 60.8Β±1.2+5.5 β12.0 MeV, and the Ξ·(1475) with a mass of 1507.6Β±1.6+15.5β32.2 MeV/c2 and a width of 115.8Β±2.4 +14.8 β10.9 MeV. The first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Alternate models for the pseudoscalar component are also tested, but the description of the K0SK0SΟ0invariant mass spectrum deteriorates significantly.
A measurement of the πΆβ’π-even fraction of the decay π·0βπ+β’πββ’π+β’πβ is performed with a quantum-correlated πβ‘(3770)βπ·β’Β―π· data sample collected by the BESIII experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1. Using a combination of πΆβ’π eigenstates, π·βπ+β’πββ’π0 and π·βπΎ0π,πΏβ’π+β’πβ as tagging modes, the πΆβ’π-even fraction is measured to be πΉ4β’π+=0.735Β±0.015Β±0.005, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This is the most precise determination of this quantity to date. It provides valuable model-independent input for the measurement of the angle πΎ of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix with π΅Β±βπ·β’πΎΒ± decays, and for time-dependent studies of πΆβ’π violation and mixing in the π·0βΒ―π·0 system.
We use lattice QCD to investigate the spectrum of the Β―πΒ―πβ’π’β’π four-quark system with quantum numbers πΌβ‘(π½π)=0β’(1+). We use five different gauge-link ensembles with 2+1 flavors of domain-wall fermions, including one at the physical pion mass, and treat the heavy Β―π quark within the framework of lattice nonrelativistic QCD. Our work improves upon previous similar computations by considering in addition to local four-quark interpolators also nonlocal two-meson interpolators and by performing a LΓΌscher analysis to extrapolate our results to infinite volume. We obtain a binding energy of (β128Β±24Β±10)ββMeV, corresponding to the mass (10476Β±24Β±10)ββMeV, which confirms the existence of a Β―πβ’Β―πβ’π’β’π tetraquark that is stable with respect to the strong and electromagnetic interactions.
We present our recent results on antiheavy-antiheavy-light-light tetraquark systems using lattice QCD. Our study of the bΒ―bΒ―us four-quark system with quantum numbers JP=1+ and the bΒ―cΒ―ud four-quark systems with I(JP)=0(0+) and I(JP)=0(1+) utilizes scattering operators at the sink to improve the extraction of the low-lying energy levels. We found a bound state for bΒ―bΒ―us with Ebind,bΒ―bΒ―us=(β86Β±22Β±10)MeV, but no indication for a bound state in both bΒ―cΒ―ud channels. Moreover, we show preliminary results for bΒ―bΒ―ud with I(JP)=0(1+), where we used scattering operators both at the sink and the source. We found a bound state and determined its infinite-volume binding energy with a scattering analysis, resulting in Ebind,bΒ―bΒ―ud=(β103Β±8)MeV.
The rare decay πβ²βπ+β’πββ’π+β’πβ is studied using a sample of 1.3Γ109ββπ½/π events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII in 2009 and 2012. The branching fraction is measured with improved precision to be (2.42Β±0.0β’5statΒ±0.0β’8syst)Γ10β3. Due to the inclusion of new data, this result supersedes the last BESIII result on this branching fraction. In addition, the πΆβ’π-violating asymmetry in the angle between the decay planes of the π+β’πβ-pair and the π+β’πβ-pair is investigated. A measurable value would indicate physics beyond the standard model; the result is ππΆβ’π=(2.9Β±3.β’7statΒ±1.β’1syst)%, which is consistent with the standard model expectation of no πΆβ’π-violation. The precision is comparable to the asymmetry measurement in the πΎ0πΏβπ+β’πββ’π+β’πβ decay where the observed (14Β±2)% effect is driven by a standard model mechanism.
Using data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider, we search for the process π+β’πββππβ’πβ’π+β’πβ. The search is performed using five large datasets recorded at center-of-mass energies of 4.23, 4.26, 4.36, 4.42, and 4.60 GeV. The ππ meson is reconstructed in 16 exclusive decay modes. No signal is observed in the ππ mass region at any center-of-mass energy. The upper limits on the reaction cross sections are determined to be 6.2, 10.8, 27.6, 22.6 and 23.7 pb at the 90% confidence level at the center-of-mass energies listed above.
Using a sample of 1.31Γ109ββπ½/π events collected with the BESIII detector, we perform a study of π½/πβπΎβ’πβ’πβ’πβ² to search for the πβ‘(2370) and ππ in the πβ’πβ’πβ² invariant mass distribution. No significant signal for the πβ‘(2370) is observed, and we set an upper limit for the product branching fraction of β¬(π½/πβπΎβ’πβ‘(2370)Β·β¬β‘(πβ‘(2370)βπβ’πβ’πβ²)<9.2Γ10β6 at the 90% confidence level. A clear ππ signal is observed for the first time, yielding a product branching fraction of β¬β‘(π½/πβπΎβ’ππ)Β·β¬β‘(ππβπβ’πβ’πβ²)=(4.86Β±0.62β’(stat)Β±0.45β’(sys))Γ10β5.
Using (1310.6Β±7.0)Γ106 π½/π events acquired with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage rings, the decay πβ²βπ+β’πββ’π+β’πβ is observed for the first time with a significance of 8β’π via the process π½/πβπΎβ’πβ². We measure the branching fraction of πβ²βπ+β’πββ’π+β’πβ to be β¬β‘(πβ²βπ+β’πββ’π+β’πβ)=(1.97Β±0.33β’(stat)Β±0.19β’(syst))Γ10β5, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively
he Born cross sections for the process π+β’πββπβ²β’π+β’πβ at different center-of-mass energies between 2.00 and 3.08 GeV are reported with improved precision from an analysis of data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. An obvious structure is observed in the Born cross section line shape. Fit as a Breit-Wigner resonance, it has a statistical significance of 6.3β’π and a mass and width of π=(2111Β±43Β±25)ββMeV/π2 and Ξ=(135Β±34Β±30)ββMeV, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. These measured resonance parameters agree with the measurements of BABAR in π+β’πββπβ²β’π+β’πβ and BESIII in π+β’πββπβ’π0 within two standard deviations.
We report a study of the processes of π+β’πββπΎ+β’π·βπ β’π·*0 and πΎ+β’π·*βπ β’π·0 based on π+β’πβ annihilation samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at BEPCII at five center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.628 to 4.698 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 3.7ββfbβ1. An excess of events over the known contributions of the conventional charmed mesons is observed near the π·βπ β’π·*0 and π·*βπ β’π·0 mass thresholds in the πΎ+ recoil-mass spectrum for events collected at βπ =4.681ββGeV. The structure matches a mass-dependent-width Breit-Wigner line shape, whose pole mass and width are determined as (3982.5+1.8
β2.6Β±2.1)ββMeV/π2 and (12.8+5.3β4.4Β±3.0)ββMeV, respectively. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The significance of the resonance hypothesis is estimated to be 5.3ββπ over the contributions only from the conventional charmed mesons. This is the first candidate for a charged hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness, decaying into π·βπ β’π·*0 and π·*βπ β’π·0. However, the properties of the excess need further exploration with more statistics.
In this work we investigate the existence of bound states for doubly heavy tetraquark systems QΒ―QΒ―β²qqβ² in a full lattice-QCD computation, where heavy bottom quarks are treated in the framework of non-relativistic QCD. We focus on three systems with quark content bΒ―bΒ―ud, bΒ―bΒ―us and bΒ―cΒ―ud. We show evidence for the existence of bΒ―bΒ―ud and bΒ―bΒ―us bound states, while no binding appears to be present for bΒ―cΒ―ud. For the bound four-quark states we also discuss the importance of various creation operators and give an estimate of the meson-meson and diquark-antidiquark percentages.
We report a new measurement of the production of electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays (HFEs) at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.7) in Au+Au collisions at βsNN = 200 GeV. Invariant yields of HFEs are measured for the transverse momentum range of 3.5 < pT < 9 GeV/c in various configurations of the collision geometry. The HFE yields in head-on Au+Au collisions are suppressed by approximately a factor of 2 compared to that in p + p collisions scaled by the average number of binary collisions, indicating strong interactions between heavy quarks and the hot and dense medium created in heavy-ion collisions. Comparison of these results with models provides additional tests of theoretical calculations of heavy quark energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma.
We present the first measurements of charge-dependent correlations on angular difference variables Ξ·1 β Ξ·2 (pseudorapidity) and Ο1 β Ο2 (azimuth) for primary charged hadrons with transverse momentum 0.15 <= pt <= 2 GeV/c and |Ξ·| <= 1.3 from AuβAu collisions at βsNN = 130 GeV. We observe correlation structures not predicted by theory but consistent with evolution of hadron emission geometry with increasing centrality from one-dimensional fragmentation of color strings along the beam direction to an at least two-dimensional hadronization geometry along the beam and azimuth directions of a hadron-opaque bulk medium.
Mid-rapidity transverse mass spectra and multiplicity densities of charged and neutral kaons are reported for Au + Au collisions at βsNN = 130 GeV at RHIC. The spectra are exponential in transverse mass, with an inverse slope of about 280 MeV in central collisions. The multiplicity densities for these particles scale with the negative hadron pseudo-rapidity density. The charged kaon to pion ratios are K+/Οβ = 0.161Β± 0.002(stat) Β± 0.024(syst) and Kβ/Οβ = 0.146Β± 0.002(stat) Β± 0.022(syst) for the most central collisions. The K+/Οβ ratio is lower than the same ratio observed at the SPS while the Kβ/Οβ is higher than the SPS result. The ratios are enhanced by about 50% relative to p + p and pΒ― + p collision data at similar energies.
We report high-precision measurements of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry, π΄πΏβ’πΏ, for midrapidity inclusive jet and dijet production in polarized πβ’π collisions at a center-of-mass energy of βπ =200ββGeV. The new inclusive jet data are sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution, Ξβ’πβ‘(π₯,π2), for gluon momentum fractions in the range from π₯β0.05 to π₯β0.5, while the new dijet data provide further constraints on the π₯ dependence of Ξβ’πβ‘(π₯,π2). The results are in good agreement with previous measurements at βπ =200ββGeV and with recent theoretical evaluations of prior world data. Our new results have better precision and thus strengthen the evidence that Ξβ’πβ‘(π₯,π2) is positive for π₯>0.05.
We report on new measurements of inclusive π½/π polarization at midrapidity in π+π collisions at βπ =200ββGeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The polarization parameters, ππ, ππ, and ππβ’π, are measured as a function of transverse momentum (πT) in both the helicity and Collins-Soper (CS) reference frames within πT<10ββGeV/π. Except for ππ in the CS frame at the highest measured πT, all three polarization parameters are consistent with 0 in both reference frames without any strong πT dependence. Several model calculations are compared with data, and the one using the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory coupled with nonrelativistic QCD gives the best overall description of the experimental results, even though other models cannot be ruled out due to experimental uncertainties.
Using a data sample of (1310.6Β±7.0)Γ106ββπ½/π events taken with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy of 3.097 GeV, we search for the first time for the lepton number violating decay Ξ£ββπβ’πββ’πβ and the rare inclusive decay Ξ£ββΞ£+β’π, where π denotes any possible particle combination. The Ξ£β candidates are tagged in π½/πβΒ―Ξ£β’(1385)+β’Ξ£β decays. No signal candidates are found, and the upper limits on the branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined to be β¬β‘(Ξ£ββπβ’πββ’πβ)<6.7Γ10β5 and β¬β‘(Ξ£ββΞ£+β’π)<1.2Γ10β4.
Using 10.1 Γ 109 J/Ο events produced by the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII) at a center-of-mass energy βs = 3.097 GeV and collected with the BESIII detector, we present a search for the rare semi-leptonic decay J/Ο β Dβe+Ξ½e + c.c. No excess of signal above background is observed, and an upper limit on the branching fraction B(J/Ο β Dβe +Ξ½e + c.c.) < 7.1 Γ 10β8 is obtained at 90% confidence level. This is an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude over the previous best limit.
Amplitude analysis and branching-fraction measurement of DββΊβββKββ°Kβ»ΟβΊΟβΊ
(2021)
Using 6.32ββfbβ1 of π+β’πβ collision data collected by the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV, an amplitude analysis of the π·+π βπΎ0πβ’πΎββ’π+β’π+ decays is performed for the first time to determine the intermediate-resonant contributions. The dominant component is the π·+π βπΎ*β’(892)+β’Β―πΎ*β’(892)0 decay with a fraction of (40.6Β±2.β’9statΒ±4.β’9sys)%. Our results of the amplitude analysis are used to obtain a more precise measurement of the branching fraction of the π·+π βπΎ0πβ’πΎββ’π+β’π+ decay, which is determined to be (1.46Β±0.0β’5statΒ±0.0β’5sys)%.
Using a total of 5.25 fbβ1 of e+eβ collision data with center-of-mass energies from 4.236 to 4.600 GeV, we report the first observation of the process e+eβ β Ξ·Ο(2S) with a statistical significance of 4.9 standard deviations. The data sets were collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. We measure the yield of events integrated over center-of-mass energies and also present the energy dependence of the measured cross section.
The decays D β KβΟ+Ο+Οβ and D β KβΟ+Ο 0 are studied in a sample of quantum-correlated DDΒ― pairs produced through the process e+eβ β Ο(3770) β DDΒ―, exploiting a data set collected by the BESIII experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fbβ1 . Here D indicates a quantum superposition of a D0 and a DΒ― 0 meson. By reconstructing one neutral charm meson in a signal decay, and the other in the same or a different final state, observables are measured that contain information on the coherence factors and average strong-phase differences of each of the signal modes. These parameters are critical inputs in the measurement of the angle Ξ³ of the Unitarity Triangle in Bβ β DKβ decays at the LHCb and Belle II experiments. The coherence factors are determined to be RK3Ο = 0.52+0.12β0.10 and RKΟΟ0 = 0.78 Β± 0.04, with values for the average strong-phase differences that are Ξ΄ K3Ο D = (167+31β19)β¦ and Ξ΄KΟΟ0D = (196+14β15β¦ , where the uncertainties include both statistical and systematic contributions. The analysis is re-performed in four bins of the phase-space of the D β KβΟ+Ο+Οβ to yield results that will allow for a more sensitive measurement of Ξ³ with this mode, to which the BESIII inputs will contribute an uncertainty of around 6β¦.
We report new measurements of the branching fraction β¬β‘(π·+π ββ+β’π), where β+ is either π+ or π+β‘(βπ+β’Β―ππ), based on 6.32ββfbβ1 of electron-positron annihilation data collected by the BESIII experiment at six center-of-mass energy points between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV. Simultaneously floating the π·+π βπ+β’ππ and π·+π βπ+β’ππ components yields β¬β‘(π·+π βπ+β’ππ)=(5.21Β±0.25Β±0.17)Γ10β2, β¬β‘(π·+π βπ+β’ππ)=(5.35Β±0.13Β±0.16)Γ10β3, and the ratio of decay widths π
=Ξβ‘(π·+π βπ+β’ππ)Ξβ‘(π·+π βπ+β’ππ)=9.7β’3+0.61β0.58Β±0.36, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. No evidence of πΆβ’π asymmetry is observed in the decay rates π·Β±π βπΒ±β’ππ and π·Β±π βπΒ±β’ππ: π΄πΆβ’πβ‘(πΒ±β’π)=(β1.2Β±2.5Β±1.0)% and π΄πΆβ’πβ‘(πΒ±β’π)=(+2.9Β±4.8Β±1.0)%. Constraining our measurement to the Standard Model expectation of lepton universality (π
=9.75), we find the more precise results β¬β‘(π·+π βπ+β’ππ)=(5.22Β±0.10Β±0.14)Γ10β2 and π΄πΆβ’πβ‘(πΒ±β’ππ)=(β0.1Β±1.9Β±1.0)%. Combining our results with inputs external to our analysis, we determine the πβΒ―π quark mixing matrix element, π·+π decay constant, and ratio of the decay constants to be |ππβ’π |=0.973Β±0.009Β±0.014, ππ·+π =249.9Β±2.4Β±3.5ββMeV, and ππ·+π /ππ·+=1.232Β±0.035, respectively.
The linear and mode-coupled contributions to higher-order anisotropic flow are presented for Au+Au collisions at βsN N = 27, 39, 54.4, and 200 GeV and compared to similar measurements for Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The coefficients and the flow harmonicsβ correlations, which characterize the linear and mode-coupled response to the lower-order anisotropies, indicate a beam energy dependence consistent with an influence from the specific shear viscosity (Ξ·/s). In contrast, the dimensionless coefficients, mode-coupled response coefficients, and normalized symmetric cumulants are approximately beam-energy independent, consistent with a significant role from initialstate effects. These measurements could provide unique supplemental constraints to (i) distinguish between different initial-state models and (ii) delineate the temperature (T ) and baryon chemical potential (ΞΌB ) dependence of the specific shear viscosity Ξ· s (T ,ΞΌB ).
Density fluctuations near the QCD critical point can be probed via an intermittency analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We report the first measurement of intermittency in Au+Au collisions at βsNN = 7.7-200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The scaled factorial moments of identified charged hadrons are analyzed at mid-rapidity and within the transverse momentum phase space. We observe a power-law behavior of scaled factorial moments in Au+Au collisions and a decrease in the extracted scaling exponent (Ξ½) from peripheral to central collisions. The Ξ½ is consistent with a constant for different collisions energies in the mid-central (10-40%) collisions. Moreover, the Ξ½ in the 0-5% most central Au+Au collisions exhibits a non-monotonic energy dependence that reaches a minimum around βsNN = 27 GeV. The physics implications on the QCD phase structure are discussed.
Background: Survival data regarding cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients according to the type and extent of tumor-associated vascular thrombus are scarce.
Objective: To test for survival differences in mRCC patients treated with CN according to the type and extent of tumor-associated vascular thrombus.
Design, setting, and participants: Within Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Research Plus (2004β2017), we identified CN mRCC patients with renal vein (pT3a-TT) versus infradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava (IVC; pT3b) versus supradiaphragmatic IVC tumor thrombus/IVC invasion (pT3c).
Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Overall survival (OS) was addressed in Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, in addition to 3-mo landmark analyses.
Results and limitations: Of 2170 mRCC patients, 1880 (87%), 204 (9%), and 86 (4%) harbored pT3a-TT, pT3b, and pT3c, respectively. The respective median OS periods were 21, 23, and 12 mo (p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression models, pT3c stage, but not pT3b stage, was an independent predictor of higher overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09β1.73; p = 0.007), as well as in 6-mo landmark analyses (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02β1.80; p = 0.04). In the sensitivity analysis, relying on all pT3a patients, the predictor status of pT3c stage remained unchanged (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.09β1.71; p = 0.007). Limitations have to be addressed regarding the sample size and the retrospective design of the current study.
Conclusions: Although overall mortality is significantly higher in pT3c mRCC patients than in their pT3b and pT3a-TT counterparts, these individuals may still expect 12-mo or better OS after CN versus virtually 2-yr OS in their pT3a and pT3b counterparts.
Patient summary: In this study, we looked at the survival outcomes of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients who presented with tumor thrombus at cytoreductive nephrectomy. Even though these patients with most advanced tumor thrombus stage demonstrated lower survival rates, the median overall survival was still 1 yr.
Middle-aged persons with multimorbidity have to take their illnesses into account in their daily work, family and leisure activities. The MuMiA project aims to identify early preventive measures that make it easier for those between 30 and 60 years of age with multiple chronic diseases to manage their illnesses in their everyday lives. An interdisciplinary workshop and interviews with multimorbid middle-aged adults and their principal healthcare providers will be used to collect information on the management of care in the contexts of patientsβ daily work, family and leisure activities. Data obtained in the interviews will be coded inductively and analysed using content analysis. Workshop outputs will be transcribed and evaluated by the authors. This study has received ethical approval from the Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee of Goethe University (2021-47). The project will generate prevention recommendations that reflect the experiences of middle-aged persons living with multimorbidity and the views of their principal healthcare providers. The findings will be disseminated via conferences and peer-reviewed publications.
Development of a multidimensional pain questionnaire in professional dance (MPQDA): a pilot study
(2022)
Background: Pain is part of the everyday life of professional dancers. It can indicate health risks and impair the ability to work. Suitable screening tools can be used to identify pain and its risk potential. A comprehensive, multidimensional, differentiated assessment tool for pain in professional dance does not currently exist.
Methods: An initial questionnaire was developed in German and English and was assessed in a qualitative pretest. In a field study with a cross-sectional design including nβ=β72 dancers from Germany (nβ=β36 responses each in the English and German language versions), the questionnaire was optimized by item analysis, its psychometric properties (dimensionality, construct validity, reliability) were examined and the ability of the pain dimensions to classify the subjective ability to work in training was analyzed (ROC analysis).
Results: The developed Multidimensional Pain Questionnaire in Professional Dance (MPQDA) was reduced and optimized in its psychometric properties. Following questions were reduced in their items or answer categories: pain localizations (from 20 to 15 regions), accompanying symptoms (from 6 to 3 items), sensory and affective pain quality (from 20 to 10 items), pain frequency (from 4 to 3 answer categories), and the motives of working with pain (from 14 to 12 items). Regarding the subjective ability to work in training, the variables of the ability to work in rehearsals and in performances, as well as the accompanying symptoms of tension and mobility restrictions, showed a relatively good classification ability (Area under the Curve (AUC)ββ₯β0.7 in the 95% confidence interval) and significant, moderate to strong correlations (Somers' Dβ>β0.25, pβ<β0.05). The classification ability of the other pain dimensions was largely absent or poor.
Conclusion: The MPQDA differentiates various pain dimensions in professional dancers and is available in a compatible manner in German and English. The clinical relevance needs to be explored further in the future.
We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in protonβproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy βπ = 510 GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range 0.23 β€ βπ‘ β€ 0.67 GeV2. This is the only measurement of the proton-proton elastic cross section in this π‘ range for collision energies above the Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR) and below the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) colliders. We find that a constant slope π΅ does not fit the data in the aforementioned π‘ range, and we obtain a much better fit using a second-order polynomial for π΅(π‘). This is the first measurement below the LHC energies for which the non-constant behavior π΅(π‘) is observed. The π‘ dependence of π΅ is also determined using six subintervals of π‘ in the STAR measured π‘ range, and is in good agreement with the phenomenological models. The measured elastic differential cross section dπβdt agrees well with the results obtained at βπ = 540 GeV for protonβantiproton collisions by the UA4 experiment. We also determine that the integrated elastic cross section within the STAR π‘-range is πf id el = 462.1 Β± 0.9(stat.) Β± 1.1(syst.) Β± 11.6(scale) πb.
Up to the present, there has been a lack of studies on the skin health of professional and recreational dancers. Dancers are at risk of skin diseases due to contact with allergenic or irritating substances and working in humid environments. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to examine skin health in two different dance styles and training periods. Methods: Physical dermatological examination of professional dancers (PD; n = 35) and Latin American formation dancers (LD; n = 79) after a 4-week period of recovery (T0) and a period of high training or work load (T1). Results: PD are significantly more frequently affected by skin dermatoses than LD (T0, p = 0.004) (frontal traction alopecia, hair loss, facial seborrhoea, xerosis cutis of the trunk and extremities, and facial folliculitis). The following significant differences between the sexes were observed in the LD: more folliculitis of the trunk in male subjects (T0 and T1, p = 0.009), more frequent xerosis cutis of the extremities (p < 0.001) and perioral dermatitis in female subjects (T1, p = 0.043). Subjects with skin lesions trained more frequently, performed more times per year, and had longer dance experience. Discussion: Based on the findings, preventive measures for skin protection (especially informing dancers about skin health) are necessary. At the same time, further studies on this topic are important.
The deep fascia is intimately linked to skeletal muscle and may be involved in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The present study therefore explored the effect of eccentric exercise on fascia stiffness and its relation with DOMS. Healthy active male adults (n = 19, 27 Β± 4 years) performed 6 x 10 maximal eccentric knee flexions using an isokinetic dynamometer. Before (baseline) as well as immediately (T0), 1 hour (T1), and each day up to 72 hours (T24 to T72) afterwards, shear wave elastography was used to measure the mechanical stiffness of the biceps femoris muscle and the overlying fascia. As a surrogate of DOMS, pain upon palpation was captured by means of a 100mm visual analogue scale. While muscle stiffness remained unchanged (p > 0.05), deep fascia stiffness increased from baseline to T24 (median: 18 kPa to 21.12 kPa, p = 0.017) and T72 (median: 18 kPa to 21.3 kPa, p = 0.001) post-exercise. Linear regression showed an association of stiffness changes at T24 and pressure pain at T72 (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.05). Maximal eccentric exercise leads to a stiffening of the fascia, which, in turn, is related to the magnitude of future DOMS. Upcoming research should therefore gauge the effectiveness of interventions modifying the mechanical properties of the connective tissue in order to accelerate recovery.
Background: Primary viral myocarditis associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) infection is a rare diagnosis.
Case presentation: We report the case of an unvaccinated, healthy patient with cardiogenic shock in the context of a COVID-19-associated myocarditis and therapy with simultaneous veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and percutaneous left ventricular decompression therapy with an Impella. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of therapeutic options for patients with COVID-19-associated myocarditis.
Conclusions: The majority of patients required a combination of two assist devices to achieve sufficient cardiac output until recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction. Due to the rapid onset of this fulminant cardiogenic shock immediate invasive bridging therapy in a specialized center was lifesaving.
Introduction: Studies of vocational ballet students are sparce. In particular, there is a lack of gender comparisons. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to give a musculoskeletal and sociodemographic description of the typical vocational ballet student in gender comparison. Methods: In this study, n = 414 female and n = 192 male students of the John Cranko School (JCS), aged between 5 and 22 years (Mean Β± SD: 13.9 Β± 3.5), were examined by an experienced orthopedist and dance physician. Results: Males started ballet (5.8/8.2 years, p < 0.001) and training at later age than females (13.5/14.6 years, p < 0.05). There was a high prevalence of low body weight among both sexes; however, particularly among female participants (58.4/16.2%, p < 0.001). Both sexes showed a large external rotation of the hip (f/m: 59/62Β°, p < 0.001), a large turnout (f/m: 82/86Β°, p < 0.01), high values for plantarflexion of the ankle joint (f/m: 72/68Β°, p < 0.001) and dorsiflexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe (f/m: 90/87Β°, p < 0.001). Discussion: Differences in ballet-specific characteristics between genders (f/m) are converging and are smaller than described in the past. The particularly high prevalence of low body weight among students in the vocational training sector, particularly among females, highlights the need for deeper diagnostic investigation.
Mit einem Stadtbegriff tue ich mich schwer. StΓ€dte zu verstehen ist gleichbedeutend damit, Wandel zu verstehen. StΓ€dte haben sich ΓΌber die Jahrhunderte, ΓΌber die Kontinente und Gesellschaftsformationen hinweg so hΓ€ufig gehΓ€utet, dass an einem geronnenen Zustand orientierte Definitionen zum Scheitern verurteilt sind. So hat es immer wieder Versuche gegeben, Stadt aus ihrer BevΓΆlkerungsgrΓΆΓe, ihrer Siedlungsstruktur oder ihrer Wirtschafts- und Bauweise abzuleiten, also aus ihren besonderen rΓ€umlich-physischen Eigenschaften, die aber allenfalls zeithistorischen Wert haben.
We report on new measurements of elliptic flow (v2) of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.8) in Au+Au collisions at sNNββββ = 27 and 54.4 GeV from the STAR experiment. Heavy-flavor decay electrons (eHF) in Au+Au collisions at sNNββββ = 54.4 GeV exhibit a non-zero v2 in the transverse momentum (pT) region of pT< 2 GeV/c with the magnitude comparable to that at sNNββββ=200 GeV. The measured eHF v2 at 54.4 GeV is also consistent with the expectation of their parent charm hadron v2 following number-of-constituent-quark scaling as other light and strange flavor hadrons at this energy. These suggest that charm quarks gain significant collectivity through the evolution of the QCD medium and may reach local thermal equilibrium in Au+Au collisions at sNNββββ=54.4 GeV. The measured eHF v2 in Au+Au collisions at sNNββββ= 27 GeV is consistent with zero within large uncertainties. The energy dependence of v2 for different flavor particles (Ο,Ο,D0/eHF) shows an indication of quark mass hierarchy in reaching thermalization in high-energy nuclear collisions.
We report a high precision measurement of the transverse single spin asymmetry AN at the center of mass energy βs=200Β GeV in elastic protonβproton scattering by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The AN was measured in the four-momentum transfer squared t range 0.003β©½|t|β©½0.035Β (GeV/c)2, the region of a significant interference between the electromagnetic and hadronic scattering amplitudes. The measured values of AN and its t-dependence are consistent with a vanishing hadronic spin-flip amplitude, thus providing strong constraints on the ratio of the single spin-flip to the non-flip amplitudes. Since the hadronic amplitude is dominated by the Pomeron amplitude at this βs, we conclude that this measurement addresses the question about the presence of a hadronic spin flip due to the Pomeron exchange in polarized protonβproton elastic scattering.
We report the first measurements of cumulants, up to 4π‘β order, of deuteron number distributions and protondeuteron correlations in Au+Au collisions recorded by the STAR experiment in phase-I of Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Deuteron cumulants, their ratios, and proton-deuteron mixed cumulants are presented for different collision centralities covering a range of center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair βπ NN = 7.7 to 200 GeV. It is found that the cumulant ratios at lower collision energies favor a canonical ensemble over a grand canonical ensemble in thermal models. An anti-correlation between proton and deuteron multiplicity is observed across all collision energies and centralities, consistent with the expectation from global baryon number conservation. The UrQMD model coupled with a phase-space coalescence mechanism qualitatively reproduces the collision-energy dependence of cumulant ratios and proton-deuteron correlations.
Measurement of branching fractions for D meson decaying into Ο meson and a pseudoscalar meson
(2019)
The four decay modes D0 β ΟΟ0, D0 β ΟΞ·, D+ β ΟΟ+, and D+ β ΟK + are studied by using a data sample taken at the centre-of-mass energy βs = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fbβ1. The branching fractions of the first three decay modes are measured to be B(D0 β ΟΟ0) = (1.168 Β± 0.028 Β± 0.028) Γ 10β3, B(D0 β ΟΞ·) = (1.81 Β± 0.46 Β± 0.06) Γ 10β4, and B(D+ β ΟΟ+) = (5.70 Β± 0.05 Β± 0.13) Γ 10β3, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. In addition, the upper limit of the branching fraction for D+ β ΟK+ is given to be 2.1 Γ 10β5 at the 90% confidence level. The ratio of B(D0 β ΟΟ0) to B(D+ β ΟΟ+) is calculated to be (20.49 Β± 0.50 Β± 0.45)%, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction based on isospin symmetry between these two decay modes.
Search for heavy Majorana neutrino in lepton number violating decays of DβββKΟeβΊeβΊ
(2019)
Using a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1 taken at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, we search for the Majorana neutrino (ππ) in the lepton number violating decays π·βπΎβ’πβ’π+β’π+. No significant signal is observed, and the upper limits on the branching fraction at the 90% confidence level are set to be β¬β‘(π·0βπΎββ’πββ’π+β’π+)<2.8Γ10β6, β¬β‘(π·+βπΎ0πβ’πββ’π+β’π+)<3.3Γ10β6 and β¬β‘(π·+βπΎββ’π0β’π+β’π+)<8.5Γ10β6. The Majorana neutrino is searched for with different mass assumptions ranging from 0.25 to 1.0ββGeV/π2 in the decays π·0βπΎββ’π+β’ππ,ππβπββ’π+ and π·+βπΎ0πβ’π+β’ππ,ππβπββ’π+, and the upper limits on the branching fraction at the 90% confidence level are at the level of 10β7βΌ10β6, depending on the mass of the Majorana neutrino. The constraints on the mixing matrix element |ππβ’ππ|2 are also evaluated.
Cortical tracking of stimulus features (such as the envelope) is a crucial tractable neural mechanism, allowing us to investigate how we process continuous music. We here tested whether cortical and behavioural tracking of beat, typically related to rhythm processing, are modulated by pitch predictability. In two experiments (n=20, n=52), participantsβ ability to tap along to the beat of musical sequences was measured for tonal (high pitch predictability) and atonal (low pitch predictability) music. In Experiment 1, we additionally measured participantsβ EEG and analysed cortical tracking of the acoustic envelope and of pitch surprisal (using IDyOM). In both experiments, finger-tapping performance was better in the tonal than the atonal condition, indicating a positive effect of pitch predictability on behavioural rhythm processing. Neural data revealed that the acoustic envelope was tracked stronger while listening to atonal than tonal music, potentially reflecting listenersβ violated pitch expectations. Our findings show that cortical envelope tracking, beyond reflecting musical rhythm processing, is modulated by pitch predictability (as well as musical expertise and enjoyment). Stronger cortical surprisal tracking was linked to overall worse envelope tracking, and worse finger-tapping performance for atonal music. Specifically, the low pitch predictability in atonal music seems to draw attentional resources resulting in a reduced ability to follow the rhythm behaviourally. Overall, cortical envelope and surprisal tracking were differentially related to behaviour in tonal and atonal music, likely reflecting differential processing under conditions of high and low predictability. Taken together, our results show diverse effects of pitch predictability on musical rhythm processing.
We study the electromagnetic Dalitz decay π½/πβπ+β’πββ’π and search for dielectron decays of a dark gauge boson (πΎβ²) in π½/πβπΎβ²β’π with the two π decay modes πβπΎβ’πΎ and πβπ+β’πββ’π0 using (1310.6Β±7.0)Γ106ββπ½/π events collected with the BESIII detector. The branching fraction of π½/πβπ+β’πββ’π is measured to be (1.43Β±0.04β’(stat)Β±0.06β’(syst))Γ10β5, with a precision that is improved by a factor of 1.5 over the previous BESIII measurement. The corresponding dielectron invariant mass dependent modulus square of the transition form factor is explored for the first time, and the pole mass is determined to be Ξ=2.84Β±0.11β’(stat)Β±0.08β’(syst)ββGeV/π2. We find no evidence of πΎβ² production and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product branching fraction β¬β‘(π½/πβπΎβ²β’π)Γβ¬β‘(πΎβ²βπ+β’πβ) as well as the kinetic mixing strength between the standard model photon and πΎβ² in the mass range of 0.01β€ππΎβ²β€2.4ββGeV/π2.
By analyzing (448.1Β±2.9)Γ106ββπβ‘(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, the decays of ππβ’π½βΞβ’
Β―Ξβ’π (π½=0, 1, and 2) are observed for the first time with statistical significances of 13.9β’π, 6.7β’π, and 8.2β’π, respectively. The product branching fractions of πβ‘(3686)βπΎβ’ππβ’π½ and ππβ’π½βΞβ’Β―Ξβ’π are measured. Dividing by the world averages of the branching fractions of πβ‘(3686)βπΎβ’ππβ’π½, the branching fractions of ππβ’π½βΞβ’Β―Ξβ’π decays are determined to be (2.31Β±0.30Β±0.21)Γ10β4, (5.86Β±1.38Β±0.68)Γ10β5, and (1.05Β±0.21Β±0.15)Γ10β4 for π½=0, 1 and 2, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
Highlights
β’ The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act legalized millions of Hispanic migrants.
β’ The IRCA receive significantly increases state-to-county fiscal transfers.
β’ Electoral incentives of the state governor drive the fiscal response of the IRCA.
β’ Legalization increases Hispanic turnout and political engagement.
Abstract
We study the impact of immigrant legalization on fiscal transfers from state to local governments in the United States, exploiting variation in legal status from the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA). State governments allocate more resources to IRCA counties, an allocation that is responsive to the electoral incentives of the governor. Importantly, the effect emerges prior to the enfranchisement of the IRCA migrants and we argue it is driven by the IRCAβs capacity to politically empower already legal Hispanic migrants in mixed legal status communities. The IRCA increases turnout in large Hispanic communities as well as Hispanic political engagement, without detectably triggering anti-migrant sentiment.
Ten hadronic final states of the βπ decays are investigated via the process πβ‘(3686)βπ0β’βπ, using a data sample of (448.1Β±2.9)Γ106ββπβ‘(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector. The decay channel βπβπΎ+β’πΎββ’π+β’πββ’π0 is observed for the first time and has a measured significance of 6.0β’π. The corresponding branching fraction is determined to be β¬β‘(βπβπΎ+β’πΎββ’π+β’πββ’π0)=(3.3Β±0.6Β±0.6)Γ10β3 (where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively). Evidence for the decays βπβπ+β’πββ’π0β’π and βπβπΎ0πβ’πΎΒ±β’πββ’π+β’πβ is found with a significance of 3.6β’π and 3.8β’π, respectively. The corresponding branching fractions (and upper limits) are obtained to be β¬β‘(βπβπ+β’πββ’π0β’π)=(7.2Β±1.8Β±1.3)Γ10β3 (<1.8Γ10β2) and β¬β‘(βπβπΎ0πβ’πΎΒ±β’πββ’π+β’πβ)=(2.8Β±0.9Β±0.5)Γ10β3 (<4.7Γ10β3). Upper limits on the branching fractions for the final states βπβπΎ+β’πΎββ’π0, πΎ+β’πΎββ’π, πΎ+β’πΎββ’π+β’πββ’π, 2β’(πΎ+β’πΎβ)β’π0, πΎ+β’πΎββ’π0β’π, πΎ0πβ’πΎΒ±β’πβ, and πβ’Β―πβ’π0β’π0 are determined at a confidence level of 90%.
Using a dedicated data sample taken in 2018 on the J/Ο peak, we perform a detailed study of the trigger efficiencies of the BESIII detector. The efficiencies are determined from three representative physics processes, namely Bhabha scattering, dimuon production and generic hadronic events with charged particles. The combined efficiency of all active triggers approaches 100% in most cases, with uncertainties small enough not to affect most physics analyses.
Born cross sections for the processes e+eβ β ΟΞ· and e+eβ β ΟΟ0 have been determined for centerof-mass energies between 2.00 and 3.08 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The results obtained in this work are consistent with previous measurements but with improved precision. Two resonant structures are observed. In the e+eβ β ΟΞ· cross sections, a resonance with a mass of (2176 Β± 24 Β± 3) MeV/c2 and a width of (89 Β± 50 Β± 5) MeV is observed with a significance of 6.2Ο. Its properties are consistent with the Ο(2170). In the e+eβ β ΟΟ0 cross sections, a resonance denoted Y (2040) is observed with a significance of more than 10Ο. Its mass and width are determined to be (2034 Β± 13 Β± 9) MeV/c2 and (234 Β± 30 Β± 25) MeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second ones are systematic.
The Born cross sections of the e+eβ β +Β― β and e+eβ β βΒ― + processes are determined for centerof-mass energy from 2.3864 to 3.0200 GeV with the BESIII detector. The cross section lineshapes can be described properly by a pQCD function and the resulting ratio of effective form factors for the + and β is consistent with 3. In addition, ratios of the + electric and magnetic form factors, |GE /GM |, are obtained at three center-of-mass energies through an analysis of the angular distributions. These measurements, which are studied for the first time in the off-resonance region, provide precision experimental input for understanding baryonic structure. The observed new features of the Β± form factors require more theoretical discussions for the hyperons.
The observed cross sections for π+β’πββπ+β’πβ at energies from 3.8 to 4.6 GeV are measured using data samples taken with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider. We measure the muonic widths and determine the branching fractions of the charmonium states πβ‘(4040), πβ‘(4160), and πβ‘(4415) decaying to π+β’πβ, as well as making a first determination of the phase of the amplitudes. In addition, we observe evidence for a structure in the dimuon cross section near 4.220ββGeV/π2, which we denote as πβ‘(4220). Analyzing a coherent sum of amplitudes yields eight solutions, one of which gives a mass of ππβ‘(4220) = 4216.7Β±8.9Β±4.1ββMeV/π2, a total width of Ξtot Sβ‘(4220) = 47.2Β±22.8Β±10.5ββMeV, and a muonic width of Ξπβ’π πβ‘(4220) = 1.53Β±1.26Β±0.54ββkeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The eight solutions give the central values of the mass, total width, muonic width to be, respectively, in the range from 4212.8 to 4219.4ββMeV/π2, from 36.4 to 49.6 MeV, and from 1.09 to 1.53 keV. The statistical significance of the πβ‘(4220) signal is 3.9β’π. Correcting the total dimuon cross section for radiative effects yields a statistical significance for this structure of 8.1β’π.
Based on e+eβ annihilation data samples collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at 13 center-of-mass energies from 4.008 to 4.600 GeV, measurements of the Born cross section of e+eβ β ppΒ―Ο0 are performed. No significant resonant structure is observed in the measured energy dependence of the cross section. The upper limit on the Born cross section of e+eβ β Y (4260) β ppΒ―Ο0 at the 90% C.L. is determined to be 0.01 pb. The upper limit on the ratio of the branching fractions B(Y (4260)βppΒ―Ο0) B(Y (4260)βΟ+Οβ J/Ο) at the 90% C.L. is determined to be 0.02%.
Using Γ°1.0087 0.0044Γ Γ 1010 J=Ο events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the process Ξ0n β Ξβp is studied, where the Ξ0 baryon is produced in the process J=Ο β Ξ0ΞΒ― 0 and the neutron is a component of the 9 Be, 12C, and 197Au nuclei in the beam pipe. A clear signal is observed with a statistical significance of 7.1Ο. The cross section of the reaction Ξ0 ΓΎ 9 Be β Ξβ ΓΎ p ΓΎ 8 Be is determined to be ΟΓ°Ξ0 ΓΎ 9 Be β Ξβ ΓΎ p ΓΎ 8 BeΓΒΌΓ°22.1 5.3stat 4.5sysΓ mb at the Ξ0 momentum of 0.818 GeV=c, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. No significant H-dibaryon signal is observed in the Ξβp final state. This is the first study of hyperon-nucleon interactions in electron-positron collisions and opens up a new direction for such research.
The quantum entangled J=Ο β ΣþΣ¯ β pairs from Γ°1.0087 0.0044Γ Γ 1010 J=Ο events taken by the BESIII detector are used to study the nonleptonic two-body weak decays Σþ β nΟΓΎ and Σ¯ β β nΒ―Οβ. The CP-odd weak decay parameters of the decays Σþ β nΟΓΎ (Ξ±ΓΎ) and Σ¯ β β nΒ―Οβ (Ξ±Β―β) are determined to be 0.0481 0.0031stat 0.0019syst and β0.0565 0.0047stat 0.0022syst, respectively. The decay parameter Ξ±Β―β is measured for the first time, and the accuracy of Ξ±ΓΎ is improved by a factor of 4 compared to the previous results. The simultaneously determined decay parameters allow the first precision CP symmetry test for any hyperon decay with a neutron in the final state with the measurement of ACP ΒΌ ðαþ ΓΎ Ξ±Β―βΓ=ðαþ β Ξ±Β―βΓ ΒΌ β0.080 0.052stat 0.028syst. Assuming CP conservation, the average decay parameter is determined as hΞ±ΓΎi¼ðαþ β Ξ±Β―βΓ=2 ΒΌ β0.0506 0.0026stat 0.0019syst, while the ratios Ξ±ΓΎ=Ξ±0 and Ξ±Β―β=Ξ±Β― 0 are β0.0490 0.0032stat 0.0021syst and β0.0571 0.0053stat 0.0032syst, where Ξ±0 and Ξ±Β― 0 are the decay parameters of the decays Σþ β pΟ0 and Σ¯ β β pΒ― Ο0, respectively.
Precision measurements of DβΊβ β πeβΊβ’πβ and DβΊβ β πβ²β’eβΊβ’πβ
(2023)
Precision measurements of the semileptonic decays π·+π βπβ’π+β’ππ and π·+π βπβ²β’π+β’ππ are performed with 7.33ββfbβ1 of π+β’πβ collision data collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector. The branching fractions obtained are β¬β‘(π·+π βπβ’π+β’ππ) = (2.255Β±0.03β’9statΒ±0.05β’1syst)% and β¬β‘(π·+π βπβ²β’π+β’ππ)=(0.810Β±0.03β’8statΒ±0.02β’4syst)%. Combining these results with the β¬β‘(π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ) and β¬β‘(π·+βπβ²β’π+β’ππ) obtained from previous BESIII measurements, the πβπβ² mixing angle in the quark flavor basis is determined to be πP=(40.0Β±2.0statΒ±0.6syst)Β°. Moreover, from the fits to the partial decay rates of π·+π βπβ’π+β’ππ and π·+π βπβ²β’π+β’ππ, the products of the hadronic transition form factors ππ(β²)+β‘(0) and the modulus of the πβπ Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |ππβ’π | are determined by using different hadronic transition form factor parametrizations. Based on the two-parameter series expansion, the products ππ+β‘(0)β’|ππβ’π | = 0.4519Β±0.007β’1statΒ±0.006β’5syst and ππβ²+β‘(0)β’|ππβ’π | = 0.525Β±0.02β’4statΒ±0.00β’9syst are extracted. All results determined in this work supersede those measured in the previous BESIII analyses based on the 3.19ββfbβ1 subsample of data at 4.178 GeV.
Study of the process eβΊeβ»βββΟβ°Οβ°J/Ο and neutral charmoniumlike state Zc(3900)β°
(2020)
Cross sections of the process π+β’πββπ0β’π0β’π½/π at center-of-mass energies between 3.808 and 4.600 GeV are measured with high precision by using 12.4ββfbβ1 of data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider facility. A fit to the measured energy-dependent cross sections confirms the existence of the charmoniumlike state πβ‘(4220). The mass and width of the πβ‘(4220) are determined to be (4220.4Β±2.4Β±2.3) MeV/π2 and (46.2Β±4.7Β±2.1)ββMeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The mass and width are consistent with those measured in the process π+β’πββπ+β’πββ’π½/π. The neutral charmonium-like state ππβ’(3900)0 is observed prominently in the π0β’π½/π invariant-mass spectrum, and, for the first time, an amplitude analysis is performed to study its properties. The spin-parity of ππβ’(3900)0 is determined to be π½π=1+, and the pole position is (3893.1Β±2.2Β±3.0)βπβ’(22.2Β±2.6Β±7.0)ββMeV/π2, which is consistent with previous studies of electrically charged ππβ’(3900)Β±. In addition, cross sections of π+β’πβ β π0β’ππβ’(3900)0 β π0β’π0β’π½/π are extracted, and the corresponding line shape is found to agree with that of the πβ‘(4220).
Structural brain morphometry as classifier and predictor of ADHD and reward-related comorbidities
(2022)
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, and around two-thirds of affected children report persisting problems in adulthood. This negative trajectory is associated with high comorbidity with disorders like obesity, depression, or substance use disorder (SUD). Decreases in cortical volume and thickness have also been reported in depression, SUD, and obesity, but it is unclear whether structural brain alterations represent unique disorder-specific profiles. A transdiagnostic exploration of ADHD and typical comorbid disorders could help to understand whether specific morphometric brain changes are due to ADHD or, alternatively, to the comorbid disorders. In the current study, we studied the brain morphometry of 136 subjects with ADHD with and without comorbid depression, SUD, and obesity to test whether there are unique or common brain alterations. We employed a machine-learning-algorithm trained to classify subjects with ADHD in the large ENIGMA-ADHD dataset and used it to predict the diagnostic status of subjects with ADHD and/or comorbidities. The parcellation analysis demonstrated decreased cortical thickness in medial prefrontal areas that was associated with presence of any comorbidity. However, these results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Similarly, the machine learning analysis indicated that the predictive algorithm grouped most of our ADHD participants as belonging to the ADHD-group, but no systematic differences between comorbidity status came up. In sum, neither a classical comparison of segmented structural brain metrics nor an ML model based on the ADHD ENIGMA data differentiate between ADHD with and without comorbidities. As the ML model is based in part on adolescent brains, this might indicate that comorbid disorders and their brain changes are not captured by the ML model because it represents a different developmental brain trajectory.
Objectives: The range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine and postural stability are important for an economical and motorically adequate adaptation of the body to any situation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze whether these two components of postural and movement control can be influenced by means of a splint in a centric position compared to habitual occlusion.
Methods: 38 recreational male athletes volunteered. Cervical spine ROM was recorded using an ultrasound system and the a pressure measuring plate for postural stability (length of center of pressure (CoP) movement, area of CoP). The two dental occlusion conditions employed were the habitual occlusion and wearing a splint in an idealized, condylar position close to the centric position. Level of significance was set at Ο β€ 0.05.
Results: The cervical spine mobility increased significantly by wearing the splint regarding rotation to the left (+3.9%) and right (+2.7%) and lateral flexion to the left (+4.4%) and right (+6.7%). Wearing the splint reduced the area of sway deflections by about 31.5% in the bipedal stance and by about 2.4% (left) and 28.2% (right) in the unipedal stance. The CoP trace was reduced in the sagittal plane by approximately 8.2% in the right single-leg stance.
Conclusions: The major findings seem to demonstrate that wearing a splint that keeps the jaw close to the centric relation may increase the cervical ROM and may improve balance stability in male recreational athletes. Changing the jaw relation in athletes can possibly aid the release of performance potentials by improving coordination skills.
Background: In order to determine possible pathological deviations in body weight distribution and body sway, it is helpful to have reference values for comparison: gender and age are two main influencing factors. For this reason, it was the aim of the present study to present reference values for women between 51 and 60 years of age.
Methods: For this study, 101 subjectively healthy female Germans aged between 51 and 60 years (55.16 Β± 2.89 years) volunteered and were required to stand in a habitual posture on a pressure measuring platform.
Results: The average BMI of this age group was 25.02 Β± 4.55 kg/mΒ². The left and right foot showed an almost evenly balanced load distribution with a median load of 52.33% on the left foot [tolerance interval (TR) 38.00%/68.03%; confidence interval (CI) 51.00%/53.33%] and 47.67% on the right foot [TR 31.97%/62.00%; CI 46.67%/49.00%]. The measured median load of the forefoot was 33.33% [TR 21.37%/54.60%; CI 30.67%/36.00%] and that of the rear foot was 66.67% [TR 45.50%/78.63%; CI 64.00%/69.33%]. The median body sway in the frontal plane was 11 mm [TR 5.70 mm/26.30 mm; CI 10.00 mm/11.67 mm] and that of the sagittal plane was 16 mm [TR 7.37 mm/34.32 mm; CI 14.67 mm/18.67 mm]. The median ellipse area was 1.17 cmΒ² [TR 0.29 cmΒ²/4.96 cmΒ²; CI 0.98 cmΒ²/1.35 cmΒ²], the median ellipse width was 0.91 cm [TR 0.42 cm/1.9 cm; CI 0.84 cm/1.02 cm] and its height was 0.40 cm [TR 0.22 cm/0.89 cm; CI 0.38 cm/0.43 cm].
Conclusions: The left-to-right ratio is almost balanced. The load distribution of the forefoot to the rear foot is approximately 1:2. The median body sway values for the frontal and sagittal planes (11 and 16 mm, respectively) agree with other values. The values for the height, body weight and the BMI are comparable to the values of average German women at this age; therefore, the measured values show a presentable cross section of women in the 51β60 age group in Germany. The present data can be used as a basis for women aged 51β60 years and can support the detection of possible dysfunctions as well as injury prevention in the parameters of postural control.
Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous researchers postponed their patient and public involvement (PPI) activities. This was mainly due to assumptions on patientsβ willingness and skills to participate digitally. In fact, digital PPI workshops differ from in-person meetings as some forms of non-verbal cues and body language may be missing and technical barriers may exist. Within our project HYPERION-TransCare we adapted our PPI workshop series for intervention development to a digital format and assessed whether these digital workshops were feasible for patients, health care professionals and researchers.
Methods: We used a digital meeting tool that included communication via audio, video and chat. Discussions were documented simultaneously on a digital white board. Technical support was provided via phone and chat during the workshops and with a technical introduction workshop in advance. The workshop evaluation encompassed observation protocols, participantsβ feedback via chat after each workshop on their chance to speak and the usability of the digital tools, and telephone interviews on patientsβ and health professionalsβ experiences after the end of the workshop series.
Results: Observation protocols showed an active role of moderators in verbally encouraging every participant to get involved. Technical challenges occurred, but were in most cases immediately addressed and solved. Participants median rating of their chance to speak and the usability of the digital tool was βvery goodβ. In the evaluation interviews participants reported a change of perspective and mutual understanding as a main benefit from the PPI workshops and described the atmosphere as inclusive and on equal footing. Benefits of the digital format such as overcoming geographical distance, saving time and combining workshop participation with professional or childcare obligations were reported. Technical support was stressed as a pre-condition for getting actively involved in digital PPI.
Conclusions: Digital formats using different didactic and documentation techniques, accompanied by technical support, can foster active patient and public involvement. The advantages of digital PPI formats such as geographical flexibility and saving time for participants as well as the opportunity to prepare and hold workshops in geographically stretched research teams persists beyond the pandemic and may in some cases outweigh the advantages of in-person communication.
With adequate support for the learner, errors can have high learning potential. This study investigates rather unsuitable action patterns of teachers in dealing with errors. Teachers rarely investigate the causes that evoke the occurrence of individual studentsβ errors, but instead often change addressees immediately after an error occurs. Such behavior is frequent in the classroom, leaving unexploited, yet important potential to learn from errors. It has remained unexplained why teachers act the way they do in error situations. Using video-stimulated recalls, I investigate the reasons for teachersβ behavior in studentsβ error situations by confronting them with recorded episodes from their own teaching. Error situations are analyzed (within-case) and teachersβ beliefs are classified in an explanatory model (cross-case) to illustrate patterns across teachers. Results show that teachers refer to an interaction of student attributes, their own attributes, and error attributes when reasoning their own behavior. I find that reference to specific attributes varies depending on the situation, and so do the described reasons that led to a particular behavior as a spontaneous or more reflective decision.
Quantum-correlated π·β’Β―π· pairs collected by the BESIII experiment at the πβ‘(3770) resonance corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1 are used to study the π·0βπΎ0πβ’π+β’πββ’π0 decay mode. The πΆβ’π-even fraction of π·0βπΎ0πβ’π+β’πββ’π0 decays is determined to be 0.235Β±0.010Β±0.002, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
Using an π+β’πβ collision data sample of 2.93ββfbβ1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV by the BESIII detector at BEPCII, we report the observation of π·0βπ0β’(980)ββ’π+β’ππ and evidence for π·+βπ0β’(980)0β’π+β’ππ with significances of 6.4β’π and 2.9β’π, respectively. The absolute branching fractions are determined to be β¬β‘(π·0βπ0β’(980)ββ’π+β’ππ)Γβ¬β‘(π0β’(980)ββπβ’πβ) = [1.3β’3+0.33β0.29β’(stat)Β±0.09β’(syst)]Γ10β4 and β¬β‘(π·+βπ0β’(980)0β’π+β’ππ)Γβ¬β‘(π0β’(980)0βπβ’π0)=[1.6β’6+0.81
β0.66β’(stat)Β±0.11β’(syst)]Γ10β4. This is the first time the π0β‘(980) meson has been measured in a π·0 semileptonic decay, which would open one more interesting page in the investigation of the nature of the puzzling π0β‘(980) states.
Using a data sample of 448.1Γ106ββπβ‘(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII, we perform search for the hadronic transition βπβπ+β’πββ’π½/π via πβ‘(3686)βπ0β’βπ. No signals of the transition are observed, and the upper limit on the product branching fraction β¬β‘(πβ‘(3686)βπ0β’βπ)β’β¬β‘(βπβπ+β’πββ’π½/π) at the 90% confidence level (C.L.) is determined to be 2.0Γ10β6. This is the most stringent upper limit to date.
The decay π½/πβπΎβ’πΎβ’π is studied using a sample of 1.31Γ109ββπ½/π events collected with the BESIII detector. Two structures around 1475ββMeV/π2 and 1835ββMeV/π2 are observed in the πΎβ’π invariant mass spectrum for the first time. With a fit on the πΎβ’π invariant mass, which takes into account the interference between the two structures, and a simple analysis of the angular distribution, the structure around 1475ββMeV/π2 is found to favor an assignment as the πβ‘(1475) and the mass and width for the structure around 1835ββMeV/π2 are consistent with the πβ‘(1835). The statistical significances of the two structures are 13.5β’π and 6.3β’π, respectively. The results indicate that both πβ‘(1475) and πβ‘(1835) contain a sizeable π β’Β―π component.
Using a low background data sample of 9.7Γ105ββπ½/πβπΎβ’πβ², πβ²βπΎβ’π+β’πβ events, which are 2 orders of magnitude larger than those from the previous experiments, recorded with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the decay dynamics of πβ²βπΎβ’π+β’πβ are studied with both model-dependent and model-independent approaches. The contributions of π and the πβ‘(770)βπ interference are observed for the first time in the decays πβ²βπΎβ’π+β’πβ in both approaches. Additionally, a contribution from the box anomaly or the πβ‘(1450) resonance is required in the model-dependent approach, while the process specific part of the decay amplitude is determined in the model-independent approach.
Using a sample of 4.48Γ108 Ο(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we study the two-photon decays of the pseudoscalar mesons Ο0, Ξ·, Ξ·β², Ξ·(1405), Ξ·(1475), Ξ·(1760), and X(1835) in J/Ο radiative decays using Ο(3686)βΟ+ΟβJ/Ο events. The Ο0, Ξ· and Ξ·β² mesons are clearly observed in the two-photon mass spectra, and the branching fractions are determined to be B(J/ΟβΞ³Ο0β3Ξ³)=(3.57Β±0.12Β±0.16)Γ10β5, B(J/ΟβΞ³Ξ·β3Ξ³)=(4.42Β±0.04Β±0.18)Γ10β4, and B(J/ΟβΞ³Ξ·β²β3Ξ³)=(1.26Β±0.02Β±0.05)Γ10β4, where the first errors are statistical and the second systematic. No clear signal for Ξ·(1405), Ξ·(1475), Ξ·(1760) or X(1835) is observed in the two-photon mass spectra, and upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the product branching fractions are obtained.
Measurement of the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive decay ΞcβΊβββΞβ
+β
X
(2018)
Based on an π+β’πβ collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567ββpbβ1 taken at the center-of-mass energy of βπ =4.6ββGeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive decay Ξ+πβΞ+π to be β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞ+π)=(38.β’2+2.8β2.2Β±0.9)% using the double-tag method, where π refers to any possible final state particles. In addition, we search for direct πΆβ’π violation in the charge asymmetry of this inclusive decay for the first time, and obtain ππΆβ’πβ‘[β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞ+π)ββ¬β‘(Β―Ξβπ β Β―Ξ+π)]/[β¬β‘(Ξ+πβΞ+π)+β¬β‘(Β―Ξβπ β Β―Ξ+π)]=(2.β’1+7.0β6.6Β±1.6)%, a statistically limited result with no evidence of πΆβ’π violation.
We report new measurements of the cross sections for the production of Dbar D final states at the Ο(3770) resonance. Our data sample consists of an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fbβ1 of e+eβ annihilation data produced by the BEPCII collider and collected and analyzed with the BESIII detector. We exclusively reconstruct three D0 and six D+ hadronic decay modes and use the ratio of the yield of fully reconstructed Dbar D events ("double tags") to the yield of all reconstructed D or bar D mesons ("single tags") to determine the number of D0bar D0 and D+Dβ events, benefiting from the cancellation of many systematic uncertainties. Combining these yields with an independent determination of the integrated luminosity of the data sample, we find the cross sections to be Ο(e+eβ β D0bar D0) nb and Ο(e+eβ β D+Dβ) = (2.830 Β± 0.011 Β± 0.026) nb, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.
Using a data sample of π+β’πβ collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567ββpbβ1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of βπ =4.6ββGeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute branching fraction of the inclusive semileptonic Ξ+π decay with a double-tag method. We obtain β¬β‘(Ξ+πβπβ’π+β’ππ)=(3.95Β±0.34Β±0.09)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. Using the known Ξ+π lifetime and the charge-averaged semileptonic decay width of nonstrange charmed mesons (π·0 and π·+), we obtain the ratio of the inclusive semileptonic decay widths Ξβ‘(Ξ+πβπβ’π+β’ππ)/Β―Ξβ‘(π·βπβ’π+β’ππ)=1.26Β±0.12.
Using π+β’πββΞ+πβ’Β―Ξβπ production from a 567ββpbβ1 data sample collected by BESIII at 4.6 GeV, a full angular analysis is carried out simultaneously on the four decay modes of Ξ+πβπβ’πΎ0π, Ξβ’π+, Ξ£+β’π0, and Ξ£0β’π+. For the first time, the Ξ+π transverse polarization is studied in unpolarized π+β’πβ collisions, where a nonzero effect is observed with a statistical significance of 2.1β’π. The decay asymmetry parameters of the Ξ+π weak hadronic decays into πβ’πΎ0π, Ξβ’π+, Ξ£+β’π0 and Ξ£0β’π+ are measured to be 0.18Β±0.43β’(stat)Β±0.14β’(syst), β0.80Β±0.11β’(stat)Β±0.02β’(syst), β0.57Β±0.10β’(stat)Β±0.07β’(syst), and β0.73Β±0.17β’(stat)Β±0.07β’(syst), respectively. In comparison with previous results, the measurements for the Ξβ’π+ and Ξ£+β’π0 modes are consistent but with improved precision, while the parameters for the πβ’πΎ0π and Ξ£0β’π+ modes are measured for the first time.
We measure the Born cross sections of the process π+β’πββπΎ+β’πΎββ’πΎ+β’πΎβ at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies, βπ , between 2.100 and 3.080 GeV. The data were collected using the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. An enhancement at βπ =2.232ββGeV is observed, very close to the π+β’πββΞβ’Β―Ξ production threshold. A similar enhancement at the same c.m. energy is observed in the π+β’πββπβ’πΎ+β’πΎβ cross section. The energy dependence of the πΎ+β’πΎββ’πΎ+β’πΎβ and πβ’πΎ+β’πΎβ cross sections differs significantly from that of π+β’πββπβ’π+β’πβ.
Using 2.93ββfbβ1 of π+β’πβ collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, the first observation of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay π·+βπΎ+β’π+β’πββ’π0 is reported. After removing decays that contain narrow intermediate resonances, including π·+βπΎ+β’π, π·+βπΎ+β’π, and π·+βπΎ+β’π, the branching fraction of the decay π·+βπΎ+β’π+β’πββ’π0 is measured to be (1.13Β±0.0β’8statΒ±0.0β’3syst)Γ10β3. The ratio of branching fractions of π·+βπΎ+β’π+β’πββ’π0 over π·+βπΎββ’π+β’π+β’π0 is found to be (1.81Β±0.15)%, which corresponds to (6.28Β±0.52)β’tan4β‘ππΆ, where ππΆ is the Cabibbo mixing angle. This ratio is significantly larger than the corresponding ratios for other doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays. The asymmetry of the branching fractions of charge-conjugated decays π·Β±βπΎΒ±β’πΒ±β’πββ’π0 is also determined, and no evidence for πΆβ’π violation is found. In addition, the first evidence for the π·+βπΎ+β’π decay, with a statistical significance of 3.3β’π, is presented and the branching fraction is measured to be β¬β‘(π·+βπΎ+β’π) = (5.β’7+2.5β2.1statΒ±0.β’2syst)Γ10β5.
The process π+β’πββπβ’πβ² has been studied for the first time in detail using data sample collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center of mass energies from 2.05 to 3.08 GeV. A resonance with quantum numbers π½πβ’πΆ=1ββ is observed with mass π=(2177.5Β±4.8β’(stat)Β±19.5β’(syst))β’MeV/π2 and width Ξ=(149.0Β±15.6β’(stat)Β±8.9β’(syst))ββMeV with a statistical significance larger than 10β’π, including systematic uncertainties. If the observed structure is identified with the πβ‘(2170), then the ratio of partial width between the πβ’πβ² by BESIII and πβ’π by BABAR is (β¬π
πβ’πβ’Ξπ
πβ’π)/(β¬π
πβ’πβ²β’Ξπ
πβ’π)=0.23Β±0.10β’(stat)Β±0.18β’(syst), which is smaller than the prediction of the π β’Β―π β’π hybrid models by several orders of magnitude.
By analyzing a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with By analyzing a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure for the first time the absolute branching fraction of the π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ decay to be β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ=(10.4Β±1.β’0statΒ±0.β’5syst)Γ10β4. Using the world averaged value of β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ, the ratio of the two branching fractions is determined to be β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ/β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ=0.91Β±0.13(stat+syst), which agrees with the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within uncertainty. By studying the differential decay rates in five four-momentum transfer intervals, we obtain the product of the hadronic form factor ππ+β‘(0) and the πβπ Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |ππβ’π| to be ππ+β‘(0)β’|ππβ’π|=0.087Β±0.00β’8statΒ±0.00β’2syst. Taking the input of |ππβ’π| from the global fit in the standard model, we determine ππ+β‘(0)=0.39Β±0.0β’4statΒ±0.0β’1syst. On the other hand, using the value of ππ+β‘(0) calculated in theory, we find |ππβ’π| = 0.242Β±0.02β’2statΒ±0.00β’6systΒ±0.03β’3theory.
We report the first observation of the semimuonic decay π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ using an π+β’πβ collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1 collected with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV. The absolute branching fraction of the π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ decay is measured to be β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ=(17.7Β±1.β’8statΒ±1.β’1syst)Γ10β4. Its ratio with the world average value of the branching fraction of the π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ decay probes lepton flavor universality and it is determined to be β¬π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ/β¬PDG π·+βπβ’π+β’ππ=1.05Β±0.14, in agreement with the standard model expectation within one standard deviation.
Although, during the past decades, substantial advances emerged in identifying major local and systemic factors contributing to initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), some neuroendocrine mechanisms are still not understood or even neglected when thinking about novel therapeutic options. One of which is the sympathetic nervous system that exhibits various OA-promoting effects in different tissues of the joint. Interestingly, the Ξ²2-adrenoceptor (AR) mediates the majority of these effects as demonstrated by several in vitro, in vivo as well as in clinical studies. This review article does not only summarize studies of the past two decades demonstrating that the Ξ²2-AR plays an OA-promoting role in different tissues of the joint but also aims to encourage the reader to think about next-level research to discover novel and innovative preventive and/or therapeutic strategies targeting the Ξ²2-AR in OA.
Study of the process eβΊeβ»βββΟβ°Οβ°J/Ο and neutral charmoniumlike state Zc(3900)β°
(2020)
Cross sections of the process π+β’πββπ0β’π0β’π½/π at center-of-mass energies between 3.808 and 4.600 GeV are measured with high precision by using 12.4ββfbβ1 of data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider facility. A fit to the measured energy-dependent cross sections confirms the existence of the charmoniumlike state πβ‘(4220). The mass and width of the πβ‘(4220) are determined to be (4220.4Β±2.4Β±2.3) MeV/π2 and (46.2Β±4.7Β±2.1)ββMeV, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The mass and width are consistent with those measured in the process π+β’πββπ+β’πββ’π½/π. The neutral charmonium-like state ππβ’(3900)0 is observed prominently in the π0β’π½/π invariant-mass spectrum, and, for the first time, an amplitude analysis is performed to study its properties. The spin-parity of ππβ’(3900)0 is determined to be π½π=1+, and the pole position is (3893.1Β±2.2Β±3.0)βπβ’(22.2Β±2.6Β±7.0)ββMeV/π2, which is consistent with previous studies of electrically charged ππβ’(3900)Β±. In addition, cross sections of π+β’πβ β π0β’ππβ’(3900)0 β π0β’π0β’π½/π are extracted, and the corresponding line shape is found to agree with that of the πβ‘(4220).
By analyzing an electron-positron collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93ββfbβ1 taken at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we obtain for the first time the absolute branching fractions for seven π·0 and π·+ hadronic decay modes and search for the hadronic decay π·0βπΎ0πβ’πΎ0πβ’π0 with much improved sensitivity. The results are β¬β‘(π·0βπΎ0πβ’π0β’π0β’π0)=(7.64Β±0.30Β±0.29)Γ10β3, β‘(π·0βπΎββ’π+β’π0β’π0β’π0)=9.54Β±0.30Β±0.31)Γ10β3, β¬β‘(π·0βπΎ0πβ’π+β’πββ’π0β’π0)=(12.66Β±0.45Β±0.43)Γ10β3, β¬β‘(π·+βπΎ0πβ’π+β’π0β’π0)=(29.04Β±0.62Β±0.87)Γ10β3, β¬β‘(π·+βπΎ0πβ’π+β’π+β’πββ’π0)=(15.28Β±0.57Β±0.60)Γ10β3, β¬β‘(π·+βπΎ0πβ’π+β’π0β’π0β’π0)=(5.54Β±0.44Β±0.32)Γ10β3, β¬β‘(π·+βπΎββ’π+β’π+β’π0β’π0)=(4.95Β±0.26Β±0.19)Γ10β3, and β¬β‘(π·0βπΎ0πβ’πΎ0πβ’π0)<1.45Γ10β4 at the 90% confidence level. Here, the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second ones are systematic. The newly studied decays greatly enrich the knowledge of the π·βΒ―πΎβ’πβ’πβ’π and π·βΒ―πΎβ’πβ’πβ’πβ’π hadronic decays and open a bridge to access more two-body hadronic π· decays containing scalar, vector, axial, and tensor mesons in the charm sector.