Universitätspublikationen
Refine
Year of publication
- 2021 (199) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (143)
- Doctoral Thesis (47)
- Contribution to a Periodical (5)
- Preprint (3)
- Book (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (199)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (199) (remove)
Keywords
- aging (5)
- Podospora anserina (4)
- SARS-CoV-2 (3)
- Thermophile (3)
- Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (3)
- microglia (3)
- Acinetobacter (2)
- Bioaccumulation (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biomarkers (2)
- COVID19-NMR (2)
- Climate change (2)
- DNA uptake (2)
- Desiccation resistance (2)
- Drought (2)
- European beech (2)
- Haloferax volcanii (2)
- Hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (2)
- Oaks (2)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2)
- Solution NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Thermus (2)
- amplicon sequencing (2)
- animal welfare (2)
- bioacoustics (2)
- biodiversity (2)
- biosynthesis (2)
- brain cancer (2)
- climate change (2)
- conservation genetics (2)
- decomposition (2)
- migration (2)
- mitochondria (2)
- polyploidy (2)
- population genetics (2)
- ribosome (2)
- sleep (2)
- tumor microenvironment (2)
- tumor-associated macrophages (2)
- vocalization (2)
- 16S rRNA gene (1)
- 18S rRNA gene (1)
- 2cpsdummy′-O-ribose-methylation (1)
- 3′UTR length (1)
- 5'-UTR (1)
- 5_SL4 (1)
- 5′-UTR (1)
- A. thaliana (1)
- ABR (1)
- ADCD (1)
- AMPA receptors (1)
- AMPK (1)
- APA (1)
- ATP synthase (1)
- Acetobacterium woodii (1)
- Acetogen (1)
- Acetogenesis (1)
- Acetogenic bacteria (1)
- Acetogenic metabolism (1)
- Aedes (1)
- Agent-based modeling (1)
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (1)
- Aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (1)
- Alien species (1)
- Allohormone pheromones (1)
- Alternative splicing (1)
- Amphibia (1)
- Amplexus (1)
- Anaerobes (1)
- Antarctica (1)
- Aposematism (1)
- Autism Spectrum disorder (1)
- B chromosome (1)
- Bacillariaphyceae (1)
- Benin (1)
- Benthic environment (1)
- Biocatalysis (1)
- Biofuels (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biotic interactions (1)
- Biotransformation (1)
- Birds (1)
- Blinatumomab (1)
- Breeding glands (1)
- Bremsen (1)
- Brudenell River (1)
- Business strategy in drug development (1)
- CAPON (1)
- CAZy (1)
- CD19 (1)
- CFIm (1)
- CLP protease (1)
- CO2 capture (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 gene conversion (1)
- Canada (1)
- Canis lupus (1)
- Canis lupus familiaris (1)
- Carbohydrates (1)
- Carbon capture (1)
- Carnivora (1)
- Carnivores (1)
- Castor bean tick (1)
- Cellulase gene expression (1)
- Cercospora (1)
- Chagas disease (1)
- Chemical communication (1)
- Chemical dispersants (1)
- Chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- ClpB (1)
- Colorectal Cancer (1)
- Community barcoding (1)
- Costs (1)
- Crude oil (1)
- Crustacea (1)
- Culicidae (1)
- D-Galacturonicacid (1)
- D. magna (1)
- Dehydration (medicine) (1)
- Depth (1)
- Developmental Biology (1)
- Docking domain (1)
- Drosophila (1)
- Drought reaction (1)
- Drug discovery and development (1)
- Drug therapy (1)
- ERAL1 (1)
- Earth sciences (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Ecotoxicogenomics (1)
- Electron transport chain (1)
- Electron-bifurcating hydrogenase (1)
- Endocrine-disrupting compounds (1)
- Entomology (1)
- Environmental factors (1)
- Environmental fate (1)
- Environmental partitioning (1)
- Enzymatic hydrolysis (1)
- EphB4 (1)
- Equilibrium partitioning theory (1)
- Ethanol fermentation (1)
- European Beech (1)
- Evolutionary biology (1)
- Excretion (1)
- Exitrons (1)
- Extracted sugar beet press pulp (1)
- Extremophile (1)
- Extremophiles (1)
- F1Fo-ATP-synthase (1)
- FAD (1)
- FAD synthase (1)
- FAD1 (1)
- FIP1 (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Filamentous fungi (1)
- Flavoproteins (1)
- Foraminiferal (1)
- Freshwater Ecosystems (1)
- Freshwater invertebrate (1)
- Functional traits (1)
- GLUT2 (1)
- GLUT3 (1)
- GRIP1 (1)
- Genetic vectors (1)
- Genotoxicity (1)
- Genotyping and haplotyping (1)
- Geomagnetic field (1)
- HARS2 (1)
- Health care (1)
- Herbivores (1)
- Heterologous enzyme production (1)
- Hominins (1)
- Host-parasite interaction (1)
- Human health (1)
- Hybridization (1)
- Hydrogen storage (1)
- Hypothermia (1)
- IUCN protection categories (1)
- Immunotherapy (1)
- In vivo electrophysiology (1)
- InvaCost (1)
- Isopoda (1)
- Ixodes ricinus (1)
- Klebsiella (1)
- L-Galactonate (1)
- LARS2 (1)
- LASSO algorithm (1)
- Land cover (1)
- Larva (1)
- Leguminosae (1)
- Lepidoptera (1)
- Life-history (1)
- Long-read sequencing (1)
- MACE-seq (1)
- MEK inhibition (1)
- MMN (1)
- Macaronesia (1)
- Macrobenthosda (1)
- Magnetic compass (1)
- Magnetic conditioning (1)
- Magnetic map (1)
- Malpighiales (1)
- Marine ecosystem (1)
- Marine invertebrates (1)
- Maxent (1)
- Mediterranean climate (1)
- Mediterranean plants (1)
- Membrane proteins (1)
- Messinian salinity crisis (1)
- MetVF (1)
- Metabolic engineering (1)
- Metabolomics (1)
- Methylene-THF reductase (1)
- Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (1)
- Methyltransferase (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Microbiota (1)
- Microplastic (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mount Kilimanjaro (1)
- Museum samples (1)
- NMR assignments (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NOS-I (1)
- NOS1AP (1)
- Namibia (1)
- Nature Interest Scale (NIS) (1)
- Nature contributions to people (1)
- Nature's Contributions to People (1)
- Neocaridina palmata (1)
- Neuroligins (1)
- Neurotoxicity (1)
- Non-canonical terpenes (1)
- Non-invasive sampling (1)
- Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) (1)
- Nothopassalora (1)
- OXPHOS (1)
- Oil spills (1)
- Oomycetes (1)
- Organic acid reduction (1)
- Organic micropollutants (1)
- Organoids (1)
- Osmostress (1)
- Oxford Nanopore Technologies (1)
- Oxidative stress (1)
- P. anserina (1)
- PaCRD1 (1)
- PaIAP (1)
- Parkinson (1)
- Parkinson’s disease (1)
- Passalora (1)
- Pathogen (1)
- Pathways (1)
- Pectin (1)
- Peptide-antimicrobial-Xenorhabdus (PAX) peptide (1)
- Peronosporaceae (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Photosynthesis (1)
- Pink1 (1)
- Plant sciences (1)
- Plants (1)
- Plastic response (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Population density (1)
- Prenyl pyrophosphates (1)
- Pseudocercospora (1)
- Purkinje cell (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- RMP1 (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNA genome (1)
- RNA polymerase (1)
- RNA-binding proteins (1)
- Reverse transcription (1)
- Rhodnius prolixus (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Rnf complex (1)
- Robert Koch Institute (1)
- S9 (1)
- SL1 (1)
- SNF1 (1)
- SNP (1)
- SNP genotyping (1)
- SRSF3 (1)
- SRSF7 (1)
- SSA (1)
- Schistosomiaisis (1)
- Sea water (1)
- Shores (1)
- Sign posts (1)
- Sodefrin precursor-like factor (1)
- Solanum lycopersicum (1)
- Southern Ocean (1)
- Sporisorium reilianum (1)
- Stechmücken (1)
- Summer drought (1)
- Supervised machine learning (1)
- Swimming (1)
- Synaptic transmission (1)
- Synaptosomal preparation (1)
- Synthesis gas (1)
- TDOA (1)
- TWNK (1)
- Tabanidae (1)
- Terpenes (1)
- Thalassiosira (1)
- Thermoanaerobacter (1)
- Thermoascus aurantiacus (1)
- Thermophiles (1)
- Thermophilic acetogenic bacteria (1)
- Thiolation domain (1)
- Tick-borne diseases (1)
- Tie2 (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transgenic organisms (1)
- Traumatic mating (1)
- Tree rings (1)
- Trypanosoma cruzi (1)
- Tuber magnatum (1)
- Tylosis (1)
- UV/V cones (1)
- Uptake (1)
- Ustilago maydis (1)
- Ustilagomaydis (1)
- Variability (1)
- Vector-host-interaction (1)
- Verbreitung (1)
- Virtual screening (1)
- Virulence (1)
- Water accommodated fractions (1)
- Weather conditions (1)
- West Africa (1)
- Western Kenya (1)
- Wood properties (1)
- Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- Xylem (1)
- Zea mays (1)
- Zebrafish (1)
- Zymomonas mobilis (1)
- aIF (1)
- abiotic factors (1)
- acetogenic bacteria (1)
- acetyl-CoA (1)
- acoustic features (1)
- acoustic multilateration (1)
- adaptive laboratory evolution (1)
- additives (1)
- adhesin (1)
- alarm calls (1)
- alpha-proteobacteria (1)
- alternative splicing (1)
- alzheimer’s disease (1)
- angiogenesis (1)
- angipoietin (1)
- animal cognition (1)
- animal detection (1)
- animal sounds (1)
- antipredator (1)
- apex bird species (1)
- aptamers (1)
- archaea (1)
- aroma (1)
- artificial docking domains (1)
- asexual reproduction (1)
- asgard group (1)
- ataxia (1)
- autophagy (1)
- bacteria (1)
- bacterial community (1)
- behavioral research (1)
- benthos (1)
- bioassays (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biodiversity in literature (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biological variables (1)
- biomarkers (1)
- biotic factors (1)
- bipartite networks (1)
- blood vessels (1)
- brain waves (1)
- breeding sites (1)
- cancer models (1)
- carbon monoxide (1)
- cardiovascular disease (1)
- carnivora (1)
- carotenoid biosynthesis (1)
- carotenoid structures (1)
- cell volume (1)
- cerebellum (1)
- cerebral metastasis (1)
- chassis cell (1)
- checkpoint inhibitors (1)
- chromosome organization (1)
- circadian clock (1)
- climate (1)
- climatic variables (1)
- co-knowledge production (1)
- coalescence (1)
- cobaltocene (1)
- communication (1)
- communication-mediating domains (1)
- compass orientation (1)
- complete chloroplast genome (1)
- complexome profiling (1)
- computational literary studies (1)
- connectedness to nature scale (CNS) (1)
- connection to nature (1)
- coupling (1)
- cox2 (1)
- cpDNA (1)
- cross-species RNA-sequencing (1)
- crustacea (1)
- cryo-EM (1)
- cryptochrome (1)
- cultural ecosystem services (1)
- custom (1)
- dPAS (1)
- deadwood (1)
- decision-making (1)
- deep-sea sediment (1)
- dendritic branching (1)
- dendritic morphology (1)
- denervation (1)
- development (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- differentially regulated orthologs (1)
- docking domains (1)
- domain architecture evolution (1)
- downy mildew (1)
- drug design (1)
- drug screening system (1)
- ecological risk assessment (1)
- ecology and biodiversity (1)
- ecospat (1)
- ecosystem management (1)
- ectomycorrhizal (1)
- effect monitoring (1)
- effectors (1)
- endocrine disruption (1)
- endophytes (1)
- endothelial cell (1)
- energy (1)
- energy conservation (1)
- engineering (1)
- environmental humanities (1)
- environmental pollution (1)
- enzymatic electrosynthesis (1)
- ephrinB2 (1)
- eukaryotic biodiversity (1)
- evolution (1)
- evolutionary traceability (1)
- expansion microscopy (1)
- experiment (1)
- exposome (1)
- exposure (1)
- extreme frost (1)
- extremophile (1)
- fishing (1)
- foliar pathogens (1)
- food contact materials (1)
- foraging (1)
- functional group (1)
- functional redundancy (1)
- functional richness (1)
- functional traits (1)
- fungal effectors (1)
- fungal traits (1)
- fungi (1)
- fuzzy clustering (1)
- gene conversion (1)
- gene families (1)
- gene models (1)
- genetic engineering (1)
- genome assembly and annotation (1)
- genome copy numbers (1)
- genomics (1)
- genotyping (1)
- geographical origin (1)
- giraffe behavior (1)
- glidobactins (1)
- global biomes (1)
- glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- glucocorticoid response (1)
- glucose transport inhibitor (1)
- graded structure (1)
- guanidine riboswitch (1)
- heat (1)
- heat and drought (1)
- heat stress (1)
- heat-shock protein (1)
- heteroplasmy (1)
- heterozygous cells (1)
- hippocampus (1)
- historical biodiversity (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- homeostatic plasticity (1)
- homologous gene expression (1)
- honey bees (1)
- horizontal gene transfer (1)
- host specificity (1)
- housing conditions (1)
- hxt0 yeast strain (1)
- hybrid enrichment (1)
- hydrogen evolution (1)
- hydrogen-dependent CO2 reductase (1)
- iCLIP (1)
- illustrated inclusion of nature in self scale (IINS) (1)
- in situ diversification (1)
- inclination compass (1)
- inclusion of nature in self scale (INS) (1)
- indel (1)
- individual interest (1)
- individuality (1)
- infectious diseases (1)
- infra-slow oscillation (1)
- interaction networks (1)
- interdisciplinarity (1)
- interest in nature (1)
- intersexuality (1)
- intra-tumor heterogeneity (1)
- invasive mammals (1)
- island biogeography (1)
- isolated nature reserves (1)
- land use (1)
- landscape diversity (1)
- large subunit maturation (1)
- latitudinal gradient (1)
- learning difficulties (1)
- left ventricular hypertrophy (1)
- leukodystrophy (1)
- light (1)
- light stimuli (1)
- light-harvesting (1)
- lipid metabolism (1)
- local factors (1)
- long noncoding RNA (1)
- long-distance dispersa (1)
- mPTP (1)
- mRNA (1)
- mRNA isoforms (1)
- macroevolution (1)
- magnetoreception (1)
- maladaptation (1)
- marine protected areas (1)
- maturity (1)
- maximum likelihood (1)
- mean fruit body size (1)
- mechanics (1)
- mediterranean (1)
- meerkats (1)
- metabarcoding (1)
- metabolic engineering (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metazoans (1)
- microbes (1)
- microplastics (1)
- microsatellite (1)
- missing data (1)
- mitochondria localization (1)
- mitochondrial dysfunction (1)
- mitochondrial localization motif (1)
- mitophagy (1)
- modularity (1)
- molecular phylogenetic analysis (1)
- monetary impacts (1)
- morphology evaluation (1)
- mounting (1)
- mt DNA (1)
- multi-objective optimization (1)
- multi-omics technology (1)
- mushroom (1)
- mushroom spines (1)
- nNOS (1)
- natural behavior (1)
- nature relatedness scale (NR) (1)
- nematode diversity (1)
- neuro-vascular (1)
- neuroblast growth (1)
- neurodegeneration (1)
- neurodevelopment (1)
- nitric oxide (1)
- nocturnal activity (1)
- non-destructive sampling (1)
- non-invasive (1)
- non-material contribution (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide syntheses (1)
- non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (1)
- nontarget (1)
- novel natural products (1)
- npas4l (1)
- obligate pathogens (1)
- octanoic acid (1)
- off-target reads (1)
- one new species (1)
- oomycete (1)
- oomycetes (1)
- organotypic slice cultures (1)
- orthogroup (1)
- orthology (1)
- orthology assignment (1)
- oxygenic photosynthesis (1)
- pPAS (1)
- paleobiology (1)
- paralogy (1)
- parasitoid (1)
- pathogenicity (1)
- pathway complexity (1)
- pathway evolution (1)
- patient-derived organoids (1)
- peptide-antimicrobial-Xenorhabdus peptide (1)
- peroxisomes (1)
- personalized oncology (1)
- phosphoketolase (1)
- phosphotransacetylase (1)
- photocycle (1)
- phylogenetic conflict (1)
- phylogenetic informativeness (1)
- phylogenetic profiles (1)
- phylogenetic profiling (1)
- phylogenomics (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- physiological stress (1)
- planning and design (1)
- plasma (1)
- plastome (1)
- playback experiment (1)
- policies (1)
- politics and governance (1)
- pollinator crisis (1)
- polymers (1)
- population genomics (1)
- postglacial colonisation (1)
- pre-mRNA (1)
- precipitation (1)
- predation (1)
- prediction error (1)
- priority natural areas (1)
- probe kit (1)
- proliferation (1)
- pronephric duct (1)
- propagating waves (1)
- proteasome inhibitors (1)
- protein production (1)
- protoplast fusion (1)
- pseudouridylation (1)
- psychiatric disorders (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quality control (1)
- quantitative disease resistance (1)
- quercus (1)
- rRNA (1)
- raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) (1)
- radical pair model (1)
- range boundary (1)
- range expansion (1)
- receptor (1)
- redox polymer (1)
- regulation (1)
- reinforcement statistical learning (1)
- reliability (1)
- repetition suppression (1)
- reptiles (1)
- resource losses (1)
- respiratory chain (1)
- rock-climbing impact (1)
- saprobic and ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes (1)
- saprotrophic (1)
- scale development (1)
- sea-level fluctuations (1)
- seafloor bathymetry (1)
- sediment (1)
- senescence (1)
- sensory (1)
- shroom (1)
- signaling (1)
- snoRNA (1)
- social information (1)
- socio-economic sectors (1)
- sound localization (1)
- spatial analysis (1)
- special needs education (1)
- special needs students (1)
- specialization (1)
- speciation (1)
- species distribution model (1)
- stingless bee (1)
- structural biology (1)
- structure–activity relationships (1)
- sun exposure (1)
- suricates (1)
- survival rate (1)
- sustainable development (1)
- systems biology (1)
- targeted therapy (1)
- taxon sampling (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- temperate forest (1)
- temperature (1)
- text mining (1)
- thiolation domain (1)
- threatened cliff plant species (1)
- trait evolution (1)
- transcription (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transdisciplinarity (1)
- translation initiation (1)
- translocation (1)
- trophic interactions (1)
- tumor immunology (1)
- universal (1)
- university students (1)
- unselected segregation (1)
- validity (1)
- vasculogenesis (1)
- viruses (1)
- volatile (1)
- vulnerable marine ecosystems (1)
- water security (1)
- white truffle (1)
- xenology (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zoo (1)
- zoo elephants (1)
- Ökotoxikologie (1)
Institute
- Biowissenschaften (199) (remove)
Global biodiversity is changing rapidly and contemporary climate change is an important driver of this change. As climate change continues, the challenge is to understand how it may affect the future of biodiversity. This is relevant to informing policy and conservation, but it requires reliable future projections of biodiversity. Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth which includes the diversity of species. The species on Earth are linked in diverse networks of biotic interactions. Interacting species can respond differently to climate change. This can cause spatial or temporal mismatches between interacting species and result in secondary extinctions of species that lose obligate interaction partners. Yet, accounting for biotic interactions in biodiversity projections remains challenging. One way to address this challenge is the use of trait-based approaches because the impact of climate change on interacting species is influenced by species’ functional traits, i.e., measurable characteristics of the species that influence their abiotic and biotic interactions. First, species’ functional traits influence how species respond to climate change. Second, they influence whether the species find compatible interaction partners in reshuffled species assemblages under climate change. Thus, the overarching aim of this dissertation was to explore how trait-based approaches can increase our understanding of how climate change might affect interacting species. For this, I focussed on interactions between fleshy-fruited plants and avian frugivores along a tropical elevational gradient.
I investigated three principal research questions. First, I investigated how traits related to the sensitivity of avian frugivores to climate change and their adaptive capacity vary along elevation and covary across species. I combined estimates of species’ climatic niche breadth (approximating species’ sensitivity) with traits influencing species’ dispersal ability, dietary niche breadth and habitat niche breadth (aspects of species’ adaptive capacity). Species’ climatic niche breadth increased with increasing elevation, while their dispersal ability and dietary niche breadth decreased with increasing elevation. Across species, there was no significant relationship of the sensitivity of the avian frugivores to climate change and their adaptive capacity. The opposing patterns of species’ sensitivity to climate change and their adaptive capacity along elevation imply that species from assemblages at different elevations may respond differently to climate change. The independence between species’ sensitivity and adaptive capacity suggests that it is important to account for both sensitivity and adaptive capacity to fully understand how climate change might affect biodiversity.
Second, I assessed how climate change might influence the co-occurrence of interaction partners with compatible traits, i.e., the functional correspondence of interacting species. I integrated future projections of species’ elevational ranges considering different vertical dispersal scenarios with analyses of the functional diversity of interacting species assemblages. The functional correspondence of fleshy-fruited plants and avian frugivores was lowest if plant and bird species were projected to contract their ranges towards higher elevations in response to increasing temperatures. Contrastingly, if species were projected to expand their ranges upslope, the functional correspondence remained close. The low functional correspondence under a scenario of range contraction indicates that plant species with specific traits might miss compatible interaction partners in future assemblages. This could negatively affect their seed dispersal ability. These results suggest that ensuring the integrity of biotic interactions under climate change requires that species can shift their ranges upslope unlimitedly.
Third, I examined whether avian seed dispersal is sufficient for plants to track future temperature change along the elevational gradient. With a trait-based modelling approach, I simulated seed-dispersal distances avian frugivores can provide to fleshy-fruited woody plant species and quantified the number of long-distance dispersal events the plant species would require to fully track projected temperature shifts along elevation. Most plant species were projected to require several long-distance dispersal events to fully track the projected temperature shifts in time. However, the number of required long-distance dispersal events varied with the degree of trait matching and plant species’ traits. These findings suggest that avian seed dispersal is insufficient for plants to track future temperature change along the elevational gradient as woody plant species might not be able to undergo several consecutive long-distance dispersal events within a short time window, due to their long maturation times. These results also imply that the ability of bird-dispersed plant species to track climate change is associated with the specialization of the seed dispersal system and with plant species’ traits.
Trait-based approaches are promising tools to study impacts of climate change on interacting species. The trait-based approaches that I have developed in this thesis are applicable more widely, e.g., to other types of biotic interactions, or to assess the effects of other drivers of global change. Moreover, these approaches may be further developed to model changes in biotic interactions under global change more dynamically. Taken together, I have shown how a trait-based perspective could help to account for biotic interactions in biodiversity projections. The development of such approaches and the gained knowledge are urgently needed to facilitate the conservation of biodiversity in a rapidly changing world.
The Southern Ocean (SO) continental shelf and deep sea are environments characterised by different benthic communities. Their structure and composition are driven and shaped by different variables: whilst on the continental shelf physical environmental variables are the main drivers shaping faunal abundance, structure and composition, the deep-sea fauna is most problably driven by biological variables such as predation and competition. Among shelf and deep-sea benthic communities, peracarids (e.g. amphipods and isopods) are one of the most dominant groups, showing high levels of abundance and diversity in both environments. Knowledge on their assemblage structure and composition in the SO remains limited, as well as the knowledge of the environmental variables that influence them. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate peracarid assemblages from the SO continental shelf and deep sea and to assess the main drivers shaping their assemblage structure along a wide bathymetric gradient (from 160 m to about 6000 m depth) and at a large geographic scale. We analysed the spatial distribution of 183,606 peracarids sampled using an epibenthic sledge (EBS) during nine different expeditions in the SO, covering a latitudinal range of 77° to 41° South. Depth was identified as the main driver shaping peracarid abundance pattern, their assemblage structure from the continental shelf (<1499 m) was dissimilar to that from the deep sea (>1500 m). Also, depth was differently correlated with different peracarid orders: while isopod abundances increased with depth, amphipods and mysids were negatively correlated; no correlation was found with cumaceans and tanaidaceans. The dissimilar peracarid assemblage structure between the SO continental shelf and the SO deep sea can be due to the assumption that there are different driving forces shaping benthic assemblages from these two environments (physical variables on the continental shelf, biological interactions in the deep sea). As a result, we also suggest that environmental changes due to climate change (e.g. temperature, ice coverage, productivity) would have different consequences depending on the bathymetric range considered.
Non-technical summary: There has been a long history of conflicts, studies, and debate over how to both protect rivers and develop them sustainably. With a pause in new developments caused by the global pandemic, anticipated further implementation of the Paris Agreement and high-level global climate and biodiversity meetings in 2021, now is an opportune moment to consider the current trajectory of development and policy options for reconciling dams with freshwater system health. Technical summary: We calculate potential loss of free-flowing rivers (FFRs) if proposed hydropower projects are built globally. Over 260,000 km of rivers, including Amazon, Congo, Irrawaddy, and Salween mainstem rivers, would lose free-flowing status if all dams were built. We propose a set of tested and proven solutions to navigate trade-offs associated with river conservation and dam development. These solution pathways are framed within the mitigation hierarchy and include (1) avoidance through either formal river protection or through exploration of alternative development options; (2) minimization of impacts through strategic or system-scale planning or re-regulation of downstream flows; (3) restoration of rivers through dam removal; and (4) mitigation of dam impacts through biodiversity offsets that include restoration and protection of FFRs. A series of examples illustrate how avoiding or reducing impacts on rivers is possible – particularly when implemented at a system scale – and can be achieved while maintaining or expanding benefits for climate resilience, water, food, and energy security. Social media summary: Policy solutions and development pathways exist to navigate trade-offs to meet climate resilience, water, food, and energy security goals while safeguarding FFRs.
The original version of this Article contained errors where Table S5 and Table S6 were incorrectly cited. As the result, in the Methods section, under the subheading ‘Germline transformation, crossing setups and insertion junction sequencing’, “Progeny were scored for transformation marker presence during either the larval, pupal and adult stage by using a fluorescence stereo microscope (SteREO Discovery.V8, Zeiss) with appropriate filter sets (Table S4).” now reads: “Progeny were scored for transformation marker presence during either the larval, pupal and adult stage by using a fluorescence stereo microscope (SteREO Discovery.V8, Zeiss) with appropriate filter sets (Table S5).” And, under the subheading ‘Light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy’, “Metadata for the three datasets are provided in Table S5.” now reads: “Metadata for the three datasets are provided in Table S6.” In Data availability section, “Microscopy data can be accessed as described in Table S5.” now reads: “Microscopy data can be accessed as described in Table S6.” Additionally, in the Supplementary Information 8 file, the “Data Access” row was omitted in Table S6. The “Data Access” row now reads: Dataset (DS) DS0001 DS0002 DS0003 Dataset Access DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4892363 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4892373 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4892381 The original Supplementary Information 8 file is provided below. Finally, the Supplementary Information 1 and 5 files published with this Article contained tracked changes, these have now been removed. The original Article and accompanying Supplementary Information files have been corrected.
Get3 in Arabidopsis
(2021)
Der guided entry of tail-anchored proteins (GET) Biogenese-Weg vermittelt den Transport und die Insertion von tail-anchor (TA) Proteinen in die Doppellipidschicht des Endoplasmatischen Retikulums (ER). TA Proteine sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Transmembran Domäne (TMD) in den letzten 50 Aminosäuren ihrer Sequenz beherbergen. Diese TMD enthält die notwendigen Informationen, mit denen die Proteine an ihren jeweiligen subzellulären Zielort transportiert werden können. TA Proteine erfüllen eine Vielzahl von essentiellen biologischen Prozessen, sie fungieren zum Beispiel als Rezeptoren, sind maßgeblich an der Fusion von Vesikeln beteiligt sowie an der Initiation von Apoptose. Durch ihren modularen Aufbau können TA Proteine nicht mit dem Signalerkennungspartikel interagieren und müssen deshalb posttranslational zum ER geleitet werden. Im Modellorganismus Bäckerhefe (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ist der GET Biogenese-Weg am besten beschrieben und läuft wie folgt ab: Nach der Termination der Translation bindet das Protein SgtA das TA Protein und händigt es über den Adapter-Komplex, bestehend aus Get4 und Get5, an die zytosolische ATPase Get3 aus. Get3 ist der zentrale Zielsteuerungsfaktor des GET Biogenese-Weges. Sobald sich ein Komplex aus Zeilsteuerungsfaktor und TA Protein gebildet hat, wird dieses zur Membran des ERs überführt. Dort wird das TA Protein an den Rezeptorkomplex bestehend aus Get1 und Get2 übergeben, welcher anschließend die Insertion des TA Proteins in die Doppellipidschicht des ERs initiiert.
Get3 hat im zellulären Kontext noch eine weitere Funktion. Unter oxidativem Stress oder Energie depletierenden Bedingungen wird Get3 zu spezifischen Foci rekrutiert, an denen sich noch weitere durch Stress -induzierbare Proteine, wie z.B. die der Familie der Hitze Stress Proteine (HSPs) versammeln. Analysen haben gezeigt, dass Get3 unter den oben genannten Bedingungen, Konformationsänderungen durchläuft und dann als ATP unabhängige Holdase fungiert. Diese kann die exponierten, hydrophoben Anteile von Proteinen binden, um dadurch die Proteostasis aufrechtzuhalten.
Durch die Bedeutsamkeit der TA Proteinen ist die zentrale ATPase Get3 in allen Domänen des Lebens hochgradig konserviert. Phylogenetische Analysen ergaben, dass sich Get3 im Allgemeinen in eine „A“ Gruppe sowie eine „BC“ Gruppe aufspaltet. Im Modellorganismus Arabidopsis thaliana (Ackerschmalwand) wurden drei Orthologe zu Get3 identifiziert. Eins davon gehört zu der „A“ Gruppe und befindet sich im Zytoplasma. Die anderen zwei Orthologe befinden sich in den Organellen endo-symbiotischen Ursprungs und gehören der „BC“ Gruppe an. Untersuchungen an verschiedenen Deletionsmutanten in A. thaliana haben gezeigt, dass die Mutationen einzelner GET Komponenten zu einer signifikanten Verkürzung der Haarwurzeln führen, obwohl der restliche Habitus der Pflanze unverändert bleibt. Diesbezüglich wurde SYP123 als einziges TA Proteine identifiziert, dessen Abundanz durch die Deletion von GET Komponenten beeinflusst werden kann. Von den anderen beiden Orthologen organellären Ursprungs ist, abgesehen von ihrer Lokalisation nichts weiter bekannt
Vier Orthologe Gruppen in Pflanzen
Da bislang nicht mehr als zehn Pflanzenarten für phylogenetische Analysen herangezogen wurden, wurden in dieser Arbeit die taxonomischen Beziehungen von Get3 zu einander in 50 Spezies der Viridiplantae auf Basis der Orthologie sowie Homologie untersucht. Dies führte zur Identifizierung einer zytolischen (AtGet3a), einer plastidären (AtGet3b), einer mitochondriellen (AtGet3c) sowie einer Monokotyledone spezifischen Gruppe (SBGet3). Die Lokalisation der ersten drei Gruppen wurde in selektierten Pflanzen, sowohl homolog als auch heterolog, der unterschiedlichen Spezies mittels saGFP untersucht, und es konnte gezeigt werden, dass mehrere Get3 Orthologe mit unterschiedlichen subzellulären Lokalisationen eine unter Pflanze häufig auftretende Eigenschaft ist. Das Weitern konnte gezeigt werden, dass manche Komponenten des Präzielsteuerungskomplexes (SgtA und Get4) sowie des Rezeptorkomplexes (Get1) in fast allen der 50 untersuchten Pflanzenarten vorhanden sind. Dies weist auf eine Konservierung des gesamten GET Biogenese-Weges in Pflanzen hin.
Get3a in Arabidopsis thaliana
Da die molekulare Zusammensetzung des Präzielsteuerungskomplexes für AtGet3a in A. thaliana nicht bekannt ist, habe ich Co-Immunpräzipitationen mit Zellextrakten aus weißer Zellkultur und einen von mir selbst aufgereinigten Antikörper gegen AtGet3a durchgeführt. Nach anschließender Gelelektrophorese und einer Anfärbung mit Coomassie Brilliant Blue ließ sich ein reproduzierbares Muster aus Proteinbanden erkennen, welche ausgeschnitten und mittels LC-MS/MS analysiert wurden. Dadurch wurde ein putativer Kandidat für Get5 identifiziert sowie eine Assoziation mit Chaperonen und proteasomalen Untereinheiten.
Um die Zielsteuerungseffizienz und Topologie von ER-Membranproteinen zu analysieren habe ich (i) die rekombinante Synthese eines Modell-TA Proteins mit glykosylierbarem opsin bovine glycosylation Tag (OPG) etabliert sowie (ii) eine Methode etabliert um in isolierten Protoplasten die Richtigkeit der Insertion zu überprüfen. Mit Hilfe dieser Methoden können nun verschiedene Mutanten auf ihre Insertions-Wirksamkeit untersucht werden. Desweitern können durch Mutationsanalysen die notwendigen physikochemischen Eigenschaften für die Erkennung des Substrates ermittelt werden.
Eine weit verbreitete Methode im GET Feld ist die tail-anchor translocation (TAT). Bei dieser Methode werden isolierte mikrosomale Fraktionen des rauen ERs mit rekombinanten Komplexen bestehend aus Zielsteuerungsfaktor und TA Protein inkubiert. Durch einen rekombinanten OPG, der im Lumen des ERs post-translational modifiziert werden kann, ist die Beobachtung einer zeitabhängigen Kinetik der Glykosylierung möglich. Dieses System wurde bislang nur für Komponenten aus Säugern oder Hefen benutzt, aber noch nie mit einem System auf pflanzlicher Basis. Um dies zu verwirklichen, habe ich die rekombinante Proteinexpression soweit optimiert, dass der Großteil des synthetisierten Proteins sich im löslichen Anteil des Lysats statt in den Inclusion Bodies befand. Mittels dieser Optimierung konnte ich die Ko-Expression von Zielsteuerungsfaktor mit TA Protein als löslichen Komplex etablieren. Ergänzend zu den löslichen Komplexen habe ich eine geeignete Methode etabliert um mittels Saccharosegradienten mikrosomale Fraktionen aufzutrennen in denen AtGet3a angereichert ist. Leider müssen noch die Parameter der Reaktion optimiert werden, aber die Akquirierung alle nötigen Bestandteile ist etabliert.
The central dogma of biology is based on the concatenated transfer of information from DNA, via transcribed mRNA, to the translated protein. In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are separated locally as well as temporally by cellular compartmentalization. Prior to active export factor-dependent transport from the nucleus to the cytosol, the newly formed pre-mRNA must mature. This involves 5'capping, splicing, and endonucleolytic cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA).
Transcription of a new pre-mRNA is terminated by hydrolytic cleavage in the 3'-UTR, and the newly formed 3'-end is protected from premature degradation by synthesis of a poly(A) tail. These processes are catalyzed by four multi-protein complexes (CFIm, CFIIm, CPSF, and CsTF) and poly(A) polymerase (PAP). CPA is sequence-specific and dependent on RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). APA-specific sequences include the poly(A) motif ('AAUAAA' and certain motif variants), the UGUA motif, and U/GU-rich sequences upstream and downstream of the poly(A) signal, respectively. About 70% of mammalian genes have more than one polyadenylation site (PAS) and express transcripts of different lengths by a mechanism called alternative polyadenylation (APA). This can affect the length of the 3'UTR (3'UTR-APA) or the coding sequence of the transcript (CDS-APA) if the alternative PAS is upstream of the STOP codon. The length of the 3'UTR affects the stability, export efficiency, subcellular localization, translation rate, and local translation of the nascent transcript. 3'UTR-APA is regulated in the interplay of the cis-elements (poly(A) motif, UGUA and U/GU) and trans-elements (expression of CPA factors). In this context, the functions of the individual cis and trans elements have been extensively studied, yet the regulation of alternative polyadenylation-the decision whether to use the proximal or distal PAS-is less deciphered and requires additional study.
In murine P19 cells, we were able to demonstrate for the first time a direct link between 3'UTR-APA and nuclear export of mature mRNA by the splicing factors SRSF3 and SRSF7 and decipher the mechanism. At the core here is the direct recruitment of the export factor NXF1 by SRSF3 and SRSF7 to transcripts with 3'UTRs of different lengths.
The primary goal of the thesis presented here was to decipher the function of SRSF3 and SRSF7 in the regulation of 3'UTR-APA and to determine the basic mechanism. For this purpose, various genome-wide methods, such as RNA-Seq, MACE-Seq, and iCLIP-Seq, were integrated and the findings were supported by reporter gene and mutation studies.
Initial determination of the poly(A)-tome in P19 cells by MACE-Seq yielded approximately 16,000 PAS and showed that slightly less than 50% of all genes used two or more PAS and expressed alternative 3'UTR isoforms. Further DaPARS analyses after knockdown of Srsf3 or Srsf7 confirmed that SRSF3 affected more transcripts than SRSF7 and led primarily to the expression of long 3'UTRs, whereas SRSF7 promoted the expression of short 3'UTRs. Integration of SRSF3- and SRSF7-specific iCLIP data suggested a possible competition between SRSF3 and SRSF7 at the proximal PAS (pPAS), which could thus act as a hotspot of 3'UTR regulation.
Experiments with intron-free reporter genes revealed that SRSF3- and SRSF7-dependent regulation of 3'UTR-APA is independent of splicing. With respect to SRSF7, a concentration dependence was demonstrated. Mutation experiments involving the SRSF3- and SRSF7-specific binding motifs in the 3'UTR also confirmed the hypothesis of competition between the two SR proteins.
Extensive Co-IP experiments clearly demonstrated that only SRSF7, but not SRSF3, can interact with CFIm and FIP1 (a subunit from the CPSF complex) in an RNA-independent manner. In addition, we showed that these interactions exhibited some phosphorylation dependence, such that the interaction to FIP1 arose primarily in the semi- to hypophosphorylated state of SRSF7. Whereas the interaction to CFIm was mainly detected in the hyperphosphorylated state. The differential affinity between SRSF3 and SRSF7 for polyadenylation factors could be attributed to two SRSF7-specific domains in subsequent mutation experiments: A CCHC-type Zn finger between the RRM and the RS domain, and a hydrophobic 27 amino acid long region in the middle of the RS domain. Together, this suggested that SRSF3 could block the utilization of pPAS, whereas SRSF7 could activate it by directly recruiting polyadenylation factors.
Interestingly, we showed that knockdown of Srsf3 also negatively regulates the expression of Cpsf6 (a subunit of CFIm) through alternative splicing, which subsequently leads to decreased expression of CPSF6 and of CFIm. Reduction of CFIm led to increased expression of transcripts with short 3'UTR, analogous to knockdown of Srsf3. This mirrors the results of previous studies. A direct comparison between SRSF3- and CPSF6-specific transcripts revealed that not all targets were congruent. In addition, we found preliminary evidence for CFIm-related masking of essential cis-pPAS elements by bimodal UGUA motifs at the pPAS. In summary, we present a novel mechanism of indirect 3'UTR-APA regulation through SRSF3-conditional expression of the CFIm subunit CPSF6.
...
Invasive alien species are a well-known and pervasive threat to global biodiversity and human well-being. Despite substantial impacts of invasive alien species, quantitative syntheses of monetary costs incurred from invasions in national economies are often missing. As a consequence, adequate resource allocation for management responses to invasions has been inhibited, because cost-benefit analysis of management actions cannot be derived. To determine the economic cost of invasions in Germany, a Central European country with the 4th largest GDP in the world, we analysed published data collected from the first global assessment of economic costs of invasive alien species. Overall, economic costs were estimated at US$ 9.8 billion between 1960 and 2020, including US$ 8.9 billion in potential costs. The potential costs were mostly linked to extrapolated costs of the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus, the black cherry Prunus serotina and two mammals: the muskrat Ondatra zibethicus and the American mink Neovison vison. Observed costs were driven by a broad range of taxa and mostly associated with control-related spending and resource damages or losses. We identified a considerable increase in costs relative to previous estimates and through time. Importantly, of the 2,249 alien and 181 invasive species reported in Germany, only 28 species had recorded economic costs. Therefore, total quantifications of invasive species costs here should be seen as very conservative. Our findings highlight a distinct lack of information in the openly-accessible literature and governmental sources on invasion costs at the national level, masking the highly-probable existence of much greater costs of invasions in Germany. In addition, given that invasion rates are increasing, economic costs are expected to further increase. The evaluation and reporting of economic costs need to be improved in order to deliver a basis for effective mitigation and management of invasions on national and international economies.
An ever-increasing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens stands in stark contrast to the current level of investment in their development, particularly in the fields of natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules. New agents displaying innovative chemistry and modes of action are desperately needed worldwide to tackle the public health menace posed by antimicrobial resistance. Here, our consortium presents a strategic blueprint to substantially improve our ability to discover and develop new antibiotics. We propose both short-term and long-term solutions to overcome the most urgent limitations in the various sectors of research and funding, aiming to bridge the gap between academic, industrial and political stakeholders, and to unite interdisciplinary expertise in order to efficiently fuel the translational pipeline for the benefit of future generations.
The acetogenic model bacterium Acetobacterium woodii is well-known to produce acetate by homoacetogenesis from sugars, but under certain conditions minor amounts of ethanol are produced in addition. Here, we have aimed to identify physiological conditions that increase electron and carbon flow towards ethanol production. Ethanol was only produced from fructose but not from H2 + CO2, formate, pyruvate, lactate or alanine. In the absence of Na+, the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) of acetate formation is not functional. Therefore, the ethanol yield increased to 0.42 mol/mol (ethanol/fructose) with an ethanol/acetate ratio of 0.28 mol/mol. The presence of bicarbonate/CO2 stimulated electron and carbon flow through the WLP and led to less ethanol produced. Of the 11 potential alcohol dehydrogenase genes, the most upregulated during ethanologenesis was adh4. A deletion of adh4 led to an increase in ethanol production by 100% to a yield of 0.79 mol/mol (ethanol/fructose); this correlated with an increase in transcript abundance of adh6. In sum, our studies revealed low Na+ and bicarbonate/CO2 as factors that trigger ethanol formation and that a deletion of adh4 drastically increased ethanol formation in A. woodii.
More than 2 million tons of glycerol are produced during industrial processes each year and, therefore, glycerol is an inexpensive feedstock to produce biocommodities by bacterial fermentation. Acetogenic bacteria are interesting production platforms and there have been few reports in the literature on glycerol utilization by this ecophysiologically important group of strictly anaerobic bacteria. Here, we show that the model acetogen Acetobacterium woodii DSM1030 is able to grow on glycerol, but contrary to expectations, only for 2–3 transfers. Transcriptome analysis revealed the expression of the pdu operon encoding a propanediol dehydratase along with genes encoding bacterial microcompartments. Deletion of pduAB led to a stable growth of A. woodii on glycerol, consistent with the hypothesis that the propanediol dehydratase also acts on glycerol leading to a toxic end-product. Glycerol is oxidized to acetate and the reducing equivalents are reoxidized by reducing CO2 in the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, leading to an additional acetate. The possible oxidation product of glycerol, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), also served as carbon and energy source for A. woodii and growth was stably maintained on that compound. DHA oxidation was also coupled to CO2 reduction. Based on transcriptome data and enzymatic analysis we present the first metabolic and bioenergetic schemes for glycerol and DHA utilization in A. woodii.