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Molecules of the title compound, C20H14O2, show approximate C s symmetry with the approximate mirror plane perpendicular to the central ring. The torsion angles about the acyclic bonds are 30.05 (15) and 30.77 (15)° in one half compared to −36.62 (14) and −18.60 (15)° in the other half of the molecule. The central aromatic ring makes dihedral angles of 47.78 (4) and 51.68 (3)° with the two terminal rings.
The title compound (also know as azorellanone), C20H32O2, is built up from three fused carbocycles, one five-membered ring and two six-membered rings. The five membered-ring has an envelope conformation, whereas the six-membered rings have a distorted half-chair and a twist–boat conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H ... O interactions into zigzag chains with graph-set notation C(8) along [010]. The absolute configuration was assigned on the basis of earlier chemical studies.
The title compound, C(19)H(14)ClNO(3)·0.2H(2)O, crystallizes with five mol-ecules and a disordered water mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit. Four of the five mol-ecules form hydrogen-bonded dimers via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds towards another symmetry-independent mol-ecule, whereas the fifth mol-ecule forms a hydrogen-bonded dimer with its symmetry equivalent, also via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dihedral angle between the planes of the fused benzene ring and the five-membered ring to which it is attached is 79.45 (13), 49.00 (15), 72.49 (16), 81.91 (18) and 76.38 (16)° for the five mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit.
The title compound, [Na(CF3O3S)(C12H24O6)], features a sodium cation that is coordinated by eight O atoms in an irregular hexagonal bipyramidal environment. The equatorial positions are occupied by the six O atoms of an 18-crown-6 ether ring. In the axial positions, there is one O atom of a trifluoromethanesulfonate anion and an ether O atom of a symmetry-equivalent crown ether ring. In this way, centrosymmetric dimers are formed.
The Muskoka Initiative – or the Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH) Initiative has been a flagship foreign policy strategy of the Harper Conservatives since it was introduced in 2010. However, the maternal health initiative has been met with a number of key criticisms in relation to its failure to address the sexual and reproductive health needs of women in the Global South2. In this article, I examine these criticisms and expose the prevalent and problematic discourse employed in Canadian policy papers and official government speeches pertaining to the MNCH Initiative. I examine the embodiment of the MNCH and how these references to women’s bodies as “walking wombs” facilitate: the objectification and ‘othering’ of women as mothers and childbearers; a discourse of ‘saving mothers’ in a paternalistic and essentialist language; and the purposeful omission of gender equality. Feminist International Relations (IR) and post-colonial literature, as well as critical/feminist Canadian foreign policy scholarship are employed in this paper to frame these critiques.
'THIS ISN'T ME!': the role of age-related self- and user images for robot acceptance by elders
(2020)
Although companion-type robots are already commercially available, little interest has been taken in identifying reasons for inter-individual differences in their acceptance. Elders’ age-related perceptions of both their own self (self-image) and of the general older robot user (user image) could play a relevant role in this context. Since little is known to date about elders’ companion-type robot user image, it is one aim of this study to investigate its age-related facets, concentrating on possibly stigmatizing perceptions of elder robot users. The study also addresses the association between elders’ age-related self-image and robot acceptance: Is the association independent of the user image or not? To investigate these research questions, N = 28 adults aged 63 years and older were introduced to the companion-type robot Pleo. Afterwards, several markers of robot acceptance were assessed. Actual and ideal self- and subjective robot user image were assessed by a study-specific semantic differential on the stereotype dimensions of warmth and competence. Results show that participants tended to stigmatize elder robot users. The self-images were not directly related to robot acceptance, but affected it in the context of the user image. A higher fit between self- and user image was associated with higher perceived usefulness, social acceptance, and intention to use the robot. To conclude, elders’ subjective interpretations of new technologies play a relevant role for their acceptance. Together with elders’ individual self-images, they need to be considered in both robot development and implementation. Future research should consider that associations between user characteristics and robot acceptance by elders can be complex and easily overlooked.
'Skelettfund' im Keller
(2021)
Bei der Identifizierung einer unbekannten, stark verwesten Leiche oder eines Skelettes ohne Hinweise auf die Identität durch die Auffindesituation spielt die Erstellung des sog. biologischen Profils eine entscheidende Rolle. Vorgestellt wird ein Leichenfund in einem mehr oder weniger frei zugänglichen Kellerabteil eines Mehrfamilienhauses. Der Leichnam war weitgehend skelettiert, das Skelett jedoch durch mumifizierte Weichteilreste noch nahezu vollständig zusammengehalten. Bei den Hinweisen auf die Identität ergaben sich insbesondere in der Altersschätzung scheinbare Widersprüche, die jedoch zufällig eine relativ genau zutreffende Schätzung lieferten. Die Überreste konnten mittels forensischer DNA-Analyse einer seit 4 Jahren vermissten 49-Jährigen zugeordnet werden. Als Todesursache wurde ein Kältetod diskutiert.
Der Fall wies eine außergewöhnliche Auffindesituation auf, die an Bilder von „Skelettfunden“ in Kriminalverfilmungen erinnerte. Derartige Befunde dürften jedoch in der Realität wohl nur sehr selten vorkommen. Darüber hinaus werden die Wichtigkeit und die Probleme der forensisch-osteologischen Untersuchungen bei der Identifizierung eines stark verwesten, unbekannten Leichnams demonstriert.
Downy mildews caused by obligate biotrophic oomycetes result in severe crop losses worldwide. Among these pathogens, Pseudoperonospora cubensis and P. humuli, two closely related oomycetes, adversely affect cucurbits and hop, respectively. Discordant hypotheses concerning their taxonomic relationships have been proposed based on host–pathogen interactions and specificity evidence and gene sequences of a few individuals, but population genetics evidence supporting these scenarios is missing. Furthermore, nuclear and mitochondrial regions of both pathogens have been analyzed using microsatellites and phylogenetically informative molecular markers, but extensive comparative population genetics research has not been done. Here, we genotyped 138 current and historical herbarium specimens of those two taxa using microsatellites (SSRs). Our goals were to assess genetic diversity and spatial distribution, to infer the evolutionary history of P. cubensis and P. humuli, and to visualize genome-scale organizational relationship between both pathogens. High genetic diversity, modest gene flow, and presence of population structure, particularly in P. cubensis, were observed. When tested for cross-amplification, 20 out of 27 P. cubensis-derived gSSRs cross-amplified DNA of P. humuli individuals, but few amplified DNA of downy mildew pathogens from related genera. Collectively, our analyses provided a definite argument for the hypothesis that both pathogens are distinct species, and suggested further speciation in the P. cubensis complex.
Background: To investigate patients’ perspectives on polypharmacy and the use of a digital decision support system to assist general practitioners (GPs) in performing medication reviews. Methods: Qualitative interviews with patients or informal caregivers recruited from participants in a cluster-randomized controlled clinical trial (cRCT). The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: We conducted 13 interviews and identified the following seven themes: the patients successfully integrated medication use in their everyday lives, used medication plans, had both good and bad personal experiences with their drugs, regarded their healthcare providers as the main source of medication-related information, discussed medication changes with their GPs, had trusting relationships with them, and viewed the use of digital decision support tools for medication reviews positively. No unwanted adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: Despite drug-related problems, patients appeared to cope well with their medications. They also trusted their GPs, despite acknowledging polypharmacy to be a complex field for them. The use of a digital support system was appreciated and linked to the hope that reasons for selecting specific medication regimens would become more comprehensible. Further research with a more diverse sampling might add more patient perspectives.
This article is directed towards addressing the employment related issues encountered by female workers in the gig economy in the EU. It revolves around analysing ‘the switch’ from the traditional labour market to the platform economy. It subsequently explains, by drawing comparisons, that the issues of gender inequality in the brick and mortar world are still prevalent in world of the digital platform. In fact, new challenges have emerged which are specifically related to the gig economy. Female workers are now affected by the inherent bias of algorithms. Moreover, due to the unequivocal propagation of ‘flexibility’ which is used as a weapon to glorify the gig economy; women are even more likely to be pushed into precarious work. The other prominent issues of gender inequality like the dynamics of intersectionality, the gender pay gap and hiring policies in traditional and digital platforms are also examined. Furthermore, the existing regulatory frameworks addressing these issues are discussed with the possibility of catering to the gender inequality issues in the gig economy through policy development. The article concludes with a reflection on the need for the EU to take immediate and efficacious policy measures in respect of female workers in the gig economy.
This article departs from the hypothesis that Alexander von Humboldt used ‘Big Data’ in order to bring new scientific evidence into the open. His method of measuring and combining temperature, humidity, altitude and magnetism in a geographical environment must be regarded as innovative, indeed, as the foundation of modern science. Although Humboldt lived in an analogue world and used the instruments of his time, his way of assembling information was not so different from what we are seeing in today's digitalised world. Information has no value unless it is shared. It does not say anything unless it is linked with other data. It cannot remain isolated but must be compared and interpreted. The generation of ʻBig Dataʼ was a pathway to Humboldt's concept of ʻKosmosʼ in much the same way as ʻBig Dataʼ today is the pathway to a virtual world. In this sense, Humboldt not only laid the foundation of modern science but anticipated the existence of a world where data and information are the source of everything when it comes to understanding the interconnectivity of the physical and the virtual world.
Wenn Rechtstexte auf literarische Texte treffen, dann treffen Wahrheitsformen aufeinander. Es treffen unterschiedliche Weisen, Wahrheit zu produzieren, aufeinander. Zu den zahlreichen Unterschieden gehören, historisch bedingt, unterschiedliche Stile, die sich um die Objektivierung und "Subjektivierung" der Aussagen bilden. Das fängt bei den banalen "wir" und "man" rechtswissenschaftlicher Texte an, geht über allgemein gehaltene, enthistorisierende und systematisierende Definitionen bis zu einem Fussnotenapparat, der in manchen Rechtstexten beinahe jede Aussage als nachweisbare Aussage absichern soll. Die Rechtswissenschaft, zumal die deutsche, pflegt bei ihren Wahrheitsformen objektivierende Stile, die Literaturwissenschaft tut das nicht, nicht in dem Maße, sie lässt das Subjekt stärker in die Aussage einbrechen. Die Lage zwischen diesen beiden Disziplinen ist allerdings kompliziert, weil wiederum das Recht eine wirksame Subjektivierungsinstanz ist, die eben die Instrumente zur Verfügung stellt, um Aussagen an Subjekte zu binden. Sie hat die Unterschrift und den Urheber erfunden. In dieser Lage kann man also nicht einfach das Subjektive gegen das Objektive ausspielen. Von Anfang aber über das Zusammentreffen von Literatur und Recht in objektivierenden Stilen zu schreiben, schafft eine asymmetrische Ausgangslage, die ich gerne zugunsten einer symmetrischen Ausgangslage umgehen möchte – soweit das möglich ist. ...
Der Befehl des Kaisers Caligula an seine an der Nordseeküste versammelte Truppe, Muscheln zu sammeln statt zur erwarteten oder auch befürchteten Expedition nach Britannien aufzubrechen, scheint sich aufs Beste einzufügen in die zahlreichen Eskapaden, Willkürmaßnahmen und unkontrollierten Verhaltensweisen des im Frühjahr 37 n. Chr. mit kaum 25 Jahren als Nachfolger des Tiberius zur Herrschaft gelangten Kaisers.1 Die Nachricht findet sich zuerst bei dem nie um eine sensationelle Mitteilung aus dem Leben römischer Kaiser verlegenen Sueton in seiner im früheren 2. Jh. n. Chr. verfassten Biographie des C. Caesar Germanicus (Suet., Cal. 46), allenthalben bekannt als Gaius oder eben Caligula ("Soldatenstiefelchen"). Diesen Spitznamen hatten die Rheinlegionen für den als Kleinkind im Heer des Germanicus mitziehenden Sohn des Befehlshabers erdacht. ...
"Ästhetisch ist, was hilft"
(2017)
While Freud regularly discusses the Oedipus complex in the context of the Sophoclean tragedy, the founding document of the psychoanalytic theory of narcissism lacks any trace of the mythological substrate. Both Narcissus, who contributed no less than his name to the psychic phenomenon of narcissism, and Ovid, in whose Metamorphoses the most elaborate and effective elaboration of the myth of Narcissus is laid down, form a conspicuous blank space in Freud's 'Introduction to Narcissism'. This article will attempt to explain this lack of tradition and, in addition, discuss the figure of Pygmalion as a productive form of narcissism that can supplement Freud's theory.
Let me start with a reminiscence: a few weeks ago, I was sitting in one of my preferred cafés in Paris, le Café Odéon- Théâtre de l’Europe, a vivid place near the Jardin de Luxembourg in the heart of the university quarter. I realised that the waiter was wearing a shirt with the letters "Defend Paris", which he explained to be a statement against the forces that make Paris an uneasy place to live, a defiance against the powerful and social injustice. With a mixture of rebellion and idealism, he added that he understands himself as part of a "Reclaim Your City" Movement, thus representing what is central for urban citizenship today: a republican defence against forces that make a metropolitan city a trademark to be sold to people who can afford it, but increasingly less a home for ordinary people who want to live in the city. Walking through the streets, passing a small jewelry shop, a place of distinguished understatement showing a picture of Meghan Markle wearing "rose"-earrings displayed in the window, the term "zombie urbanism" came to my mind – a term used by Jonny Aspen, professor at the Institute of Urbanism and Landscape in Oslo (See Bjerkeset and Aspen (forthcoming 2020) and here), to describe a cliché-like way of dealing with urban environment by developers and designers – a "staged urbanism", in which urban features are used as a means for selling, marketing and branding. This kind of city-marketing can prove quite successful: whereas the burning of Notre Dame mobilised hundreds of millions of donations within a short period of time, the burning of the National Museum in Rio de Janeiro soon after, extinguishing 200 years of documentation of cultural memory, mobilised only 225.000 Euros (state 1.4.2019). ...
Dass im Sachbuch allgemein und im bebilderten Sachbuch für Kinder im Speziellen mittlerweile verschiedene Formen der Informationsvermittlung existieren, bei denen einerseits die Erzählung, und andererseits die Sache selbst im Vordergrund stehen können, spiegelt sich unter anderem in Begriffen wie Sachbilderbuch, Erzählsachbuch oder Informationssachbuch (vgl. Ossowski 2000, S. 673) wider. Diese Begriffe legen offen, dass Sachbücher mittlerweile verschiedene Akzentuierungen der Kombination erzählender und informierender und daraus folgend fiktionaler und faktualer Narrationselemente aufweisen, denen die dem Sachbuch unterstellte Dichotomie dieser beiden Aspekte (vgl. Hussong 1984, S. 71) nicht gerecht wird...
Refugee reception in Germany is a primarily municipal task that relies heavily on neighborhood-based volunteering. This paper asserts that there are fundamental spatial mismatches between municipal policies and neighborhood-based approaches that place additional burden on all of the stakeholders involved. Drawing from the case of Frankfurt-Rödelheim, which is a socially and ethnically mixed neighborhood in Frankfurt am Main, I show how the way the municipality accommodates refugees disregards the politically embraced work of neighborhood-based volunteers and how the ideal of neighborhood-based inclusion creates a spatial fetish that fails the living reality of the refugees. The findings are based on my ethnographic fieldwork as volunteer in a neighborhood-based welcome initiative.