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Ein neuer Dienst am HRZ - VPN Neuer Pool- und Kursraum im Campus Westend Neue Server für zentrale Dienste und Computing Neuigkeiten aus den zentralen Services SAMBA – Schritt für Schritt Für Neueinsteiger StarOffice 6.0 – die ersten 100 Minuten Angebote des HRZ für die Literaturrecherche NAG Die Software-Frage
Der neue Webauftritt des HRZ Anti-Virus-Software Mail-Monitoring Computerinformationen für Neueinsteiger Wissenschaftliches Literaturmanagement E-Learning an der Universität Frankfurt Das Internet an der Goethe-Universität Die Software-Frage: „Soll ich auf Microsoft Office XP umsteigen?“ Überblick über die Dienstleistungen des HRZ
TIM23-mediated insertion of transmembrane alpha-helices into the mitochondrial inner membrane
(2011)
While overall hydrophobicity is generally recognized as the main characteristic of transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices, the only membrane system for which there are detailed quantitative data on how different amino acids contribute to the overall efficiency of membrane insertion is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. Here, we provide comparable data for TIM23-mediated membrane protein insertion into the inner mitochondrial membrane of yeast cells. We find that hydrophobicity and the location of polar and aromatic residues are strong determinants of membrane insertion. These results parallel what has been found previously for the ER. However, we see striking differences between the effects elicited by charged residues flanking the TM segments when comparing the mitochondrial inner membrane and the ER, pointing to an unanticipated difference between the two insertion systems. Keywords: CoxVa , membrane protein , Mgm1p , mitochondria , TIM23
G-quadruplex topologies of telomeric repeat sequences from vertebrates were investigated in the presence of molecular crowding (MC) mimetics, namely polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG), Ficoll 70 as well as Xenopus laevis egg extract by CD and NMR spectroscopy and native PAGE. Here, we show that the conformational behavior of the telomeric repeats in X. laevis egg extract or in Ficoll is notably different from that observed in the presence of PEG. While the behavior of the telomeric repeat in X. laevis egg extract or in Ficoll resembles results obtained under dilute conditions, PEG promotes the formation of high-order parallel topologies. Our data suggest that PEG should not be used as a MC mimetic.
The multiplicity fluctuations in A+A collisions at SPS and RHIC energies are studied within the HSD transport approach. We find a dominant role of the fluctuations in the nucleon participant number for the final fluctuations. In order to extract physical fluctuations one should decrease the fluctuations in the participants number. This can be done considering very central collisions. The system size dependence of the multiplicity fluctuations in central A+A collisions at the SPS energy range – obtained in the HSD and UrQMD transport models – is presented. The results can be used as a ‘background’ for experimental measurements of fluctuations as a signal of the critical point. Event-by-event fluctuations of the K/p , K/p and p/p ratios in A+A collisions are also studied. Event-by-event fluctuations of the kaon to pion number ratio in nucleus-nucleus collisions are studied for SPS and RHIC energies. We find that the HSD model can qualitatively reproduce the measured excitation function for the K/p ratio fluctuations in central Au+Au (or Pb+Pb) collisions from low SPS up to top RHIC energies. The forward-backward correlation coefficient measured by the STAR Collaboration in Au+Au collisions at RHIC is also studied. We discuss the effects of initial collision geometry and centrality bin definition on correlations in nucleus-nucleus collisions. We argue that a study of the dependence of correlations on the centrality bin definition as well as the bin size may distinguish between these ‘trivial’ correlations and correlations arising from ‘new physics’. 5th International Workshop on Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement - CPOD 2009, June 08 - 12 2009 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, New York, USA
Rezension zu: Julian Millie: Splashed by the saint. Ritual reading and islamic sanctity in West Java
(2011)
"Vom Heiligen bespritzt. Rituelle Lesung und muslimische Heiligkeit in Westjava" ist der aus dem Englischen wörtlich übersetzte Titel einer modernen Ethnografie zum Sunda-Gebiet. Wie in einer klassischen Ethnografie wird ein bestimmtes Ritual ins Zentrum der Untersuchung gerückt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Lesung, die sich auf "Heiligkeit" bezieht und deshalb vom Autor als karamat-Lesung (Arab.: karamat - charismatische und/oder mystische Kraft) bezeichnet wird. Die Lesungen finden entweder im privaten, häuslichen Umfeld oder in einem Pesantren (muslimisches Internat) statt, wo sie von jedem Interessenten besucht werden können. Kern des Rituals sind Texte über Abd al-Qadir al-Jaelani, den die Ritualteilnehmer als Mittler zu Allah verstehen, und an dessen Heiligkeit sie Anteil haben können. Interessant ist dabei, dass Abd al Qadir kein autochthoner Urahn ist. Der Legende nach wurde er 1088 n. Chr. in Gilan im Iran geboren und in Bagdad beerdigt, wo sein Grabmal zu einer Pilgerstätte von Muslimen aus aller Welt geworden ist. Erklärtes Ziel des Autors ist es, zu untersuchen, was ritualisiertes Lesen und die Rezitation sakraler Erzählungen über Islamische Frömmigkeit und über den Raum, den die Texte in der muslimischen Gesellschaft einnehmen, aussagen.
Schulstreit in Niedersachsen
(2011)
Der Amtsantritt der CDU/FDP-Regierung in Niedersachsen im Jahre 2003 war verbunden mit dem klaren Bekenntnis zum dreigliedrigen Schulsystem aus Hauptschule, Realschule und Gymnasium und einer Kampfansage an die bestehenden Gesamtschulen im Lande. Sie sollten fortan nur noch als Auslaufmodell geduldet und Neugründungen nicht mehr genehmig werden. ...
Editorial: Michael Heise : The Chief Economist of Allianz SE about the economic outlook for 2011 Research Finance: Andreas Hackethal, Utpal Bhattacharya, Benjamin Loos, Simon Kaesler, Steffen Meyer : "Unbiased Financial Advice – Wanted but not Followed" Research Law: Katja Langenbucher : "Insider Trading in Europe" Research Money/Macro: Thomas Laubach, Michael U. Krause, Matthias Hoffmann : "Long-Run Growth Expectations and Current Account Balances" Policy Platform: Heinz Hilgert, Jan Pieter Krahnen, Günther Merl, Helmut Siekmann : "Proposal for a Reorganisation of the German Landesbanks and Savings Banks Sector" Interview: Viral V. Acharya : "The Dodd-Frank Act Leaves a Lot to be Desired"
In the adult mammalian central nervous system, two defined neurogenic regions retain the capacity to generate new neurons throughout adulthood, namely the subependymal zone (SEZ) at the lateral ventricles and the subgranular layer of the hippocampus (SGL). Adult neurogenesis consists of a whole set of events including proliferation, fate specification, migration, survival and finally synaptic integration of newly born neurons. Each of these events is controlled by the interplay of numerous factors. In this study two signalling systems were analysed with regard to their functional role in adult neurogenesis in vivo, namely the purinergic system and the growth factor EGF. Neither short- nor long-term application of the P2Y receptor agonists UTP and ADPβS and the P2Y receptor antagonist suramin into the lateral ventricle of adult mice altered cell responses as compared to vehicle controls in vivo. In contrast, analysis of the expansion rates of cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) from knockout mice revealed a strong increase in the number of NSCs from NTPDase2-/- mice, whereas cell numbers of NSCs from P2Y1-/- and P2Y2-/- mice were significantly reduced in comparison to wildtype levels. Notably, in vivo proliferation rates were potently elevated in the SGL and the SEZ of NTPDase2-deficient mice. However, in vivo proliferation in both neurogenic niches of the single receptor knockout mice P2Y1-/- and P2Y2-/- and P2Y1-/- P2Y2-/-double-knockout mice did not differ significantly from the wildtype. In mice lacking the P2Y2 receptor the survival of newly born neurons in the hippocampal granule cell layer was significantly increased. These data provide the first line of evidence that purinergic signalling is involved in the control of neural stem cells behaviour not only in vitro but also in vivo. In order to further characterise the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in adult neurogenesis, transit amplifying precursors (TAPs) and type B astrocytes were identified as EGF-responsive cell populations following ventricular EGF injection, whereas ependymal cells, neuroblasts and NG2-positive cells did not or only to a minor extent respond to EGF injection. These EGF-responsive cell populations were found on both, the septal as well as striatal lateral ventricle walls. Long-term ventricular EGF infusion for 6d, 1. increased cell proliferation of both ventricle walls revealing a gradient along the rostro-caudal axis, 2. altered the balance between neuronal and macroglial cell fates to generate oligodendrocyte precursors and 3. lead to an entire remodelling of the classical architecture of the SEZ.
Proliferation and apoptosis are fundamental cellular processes that are important for the development and homeostasis of multi-cellular organisms. Deregulation of these processes plays an important role in tumor formation. Often, genes that control homeostasis by regulating proliferation and apoptosis are mutated or improperly expressed in tumors. In this project, the physiological and pathological functions of FUSE Binding Protein 1 (FBP1) were studied to elucidate the involvement of this gene in the context of embryonic development and tumorigenesis. Two reasons led to the hypothesis that FBP1 might be relevant in this context. FBP1 was isolated in the group of PD Dr. Martin Zörnig using a functional yeast survival screen for the identification of anti-apoptotic genes involved in tumorigenesis, and the anti-apoptotic function of FBP1 was confirmed in the human colon carcinoma cell line RKO. In addition, FBP1 had been published to function as a transcriptional regulator that activates expression of the proto-oncogene c-myc. This gene stimulates cell proliferation and is overexpressed in many tumors. Analysis of FBP1 expression by immunhistochemistry in normal and tumor tissue samples revealed frequent and significant overexpression of FBP1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). To study the functional relevance of FBP1 activity for this tumor type, apoptosis and proliferation of the HCC cell line Hep3B were studied in dependence of FBP1 expression. Downregulation of FBP1 by lentiviral expression of FBP1-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) reduced proliferation and increased sensitivity to apoptosis. Subcutaneous injection of FBP1-deficient Hep3B cells into immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice demonstrated that tumor growth was strongly decreased in comparison to control cells. mRNA expression studies by quantitative real time PCR showed reduced mRNA levels of the pro-apoptotic genes Bik, Noxa, TRAIL and TNF-􀀁 in the absence of FBP1. In addition, the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p15 were repressed by FBP1 while Cyclin D2 expression was decreased in the absence of FBP1. Surprisingly, expression of c-myc was not altered by FBP1 downregulation, indicating a different mechanism of c-myc regulation in HCC cells. These results demonstrate that overexpression of FBP1 inhibits apoptosis and stimulates proliferation in HCC cells by regulating the transcription of relevant target genes. Therefore, FBP1 might represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC. For analysis of the physiological function of FBP1, a gene trap mouse model was established. In these mice, the gene trap vector pT1􀀂geo is inserted in intron 19 of the FBP1 locus, leading to the expression of a fusion protein consisting of a truncated FBP1 (lacking the last 62 amino acids), 􀀁-Galactosidase and Neomycin Phosphotransferase. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the fusion protein was not capable of activating the c-myc promoter and even showed a dominant negative effect. Thus, this gene trap mouse serves as a functional FBP1 knockout model. Phenotyping of the FBP1 gene trap mice showed that homozygous mutation of FBP1 resulted in embryonic lethality at late stages of embryonic development (E15.5-E16.5). Heterozygous mice were viable, but born at lower frequencies, indicating a gene dosage- or a dominant negative effect of the FBP1 fusion protein. The cellular effects of FBP1 inactivation were tested in mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from FBP1 gene trap mice. While proliferation was reduced in the absence of wildtype FBP1, apoptosis was not affected. Expression analysis showed that in homozygous MEFs p15 and p21 transcripts were upregulated, while decreased cmyc mRNA levels were measured. Closer inspection of homozygous gene trap embryos revealed an anemic phenotype that appeared most pronounced around embryonic day 15.5. Analysis of fetal livers, the main site of hematopoiesis at this stage of development, showed a strongly reduced total cell number in homozygous embryos. Evaluation of the different hematopoietic cell lineages did not reveal significant changes in particular differentiated cell types. Instead, all cell lineages seemed to be affected equally by FBP1 inactivation. In contrast, analysis of hematopoietic progenitor cell populations showed an increased percentage of multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs) and a strongly reduced number of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs). Functional analysis of MPPs by in vitro colony formation assays demonstrated that the FBP1-mutant cells possess a normal colony formation potential while their expansion capacity was reduced. Competitive transplantation of lineage negative fetal liver cells into irradiated recipient mice resulted in reduced engraftment of liverderived progenitor cells from homozygous FBP1 gene trap mice. However, stable engraftment was observed over a period of 12 weeks, demonstrating that the FBP1-deficient LT-HSCs are in principle capable of long-term repopulation. These results demonstrate that FBP1 exerts an essential function during definitive hematopoiesis. It can be speculated that FBP1 influences proliferation, apoptosis and possibly also stem cell self-renewal through the regulation of specific target genes within the hematopoietic progenitor cells. Alternatively, extrinsic effects caused by the absence of FBP1 activity could impair the function of the progenitor cells.
Franz Th. Schuett hat ein umfangreiches und eigenstaendiges Werk geschaffen. Er kopierte keinen Kuenstler und blieb sich treu. Er war nicht innovativ, aber in seinem Rahmen war er wandlungsfaehig. Trotz aller positiver und kulturell stimulierenden Einfluessen und namhafter Lehrer in den Anfangsjahren, blieb bei ihm die Kreativitaet, sicherlich auch wegen Flucht und Vertreibung, auf der Strecke.Es gibt Anlehnungen im Fruehwerk an den veristischen Fluegel der Neuen Sachlichkeit. Motivisch war er nicht so praegnant wie seine Vorbilder Dix, Schlichter und Grosz. In der Strichfuehrung im Fruehwerk aehnelte er George Grosz. Er arbeitete zeitgemaess. In den Kriegsjahren bzw. bis 1947 erarbeitete er sich die Aquarelltechnik. Es entstanden stimmungsvolle Landschaftsbilder. Es stellte sich heraus, das unkontrollierbare der Technik lag ihm nicht, er war und blieb Zeichner. In den 50er Jahren probierte er verschiedene Zeichenmethoden. Ab 1954 bis 1959 versuchte er noch einmal einen Anlauf mit dem Kolorit und es entstanden stark farbige Temperablaetter, die neben realistischen Bildentwuerfen auch surreale Szenen beinhalteten. Erst in den 60er Jahren fand er wieder zu einer zeitgenössischen Ausdruckskraft. Er setzte nun seit den 30er Jahren erstmals wieder seine Motive in Oeltechnik um. Von 1938 bis 1960 musste er erneut einen zeitgenössischen Ausdruck entwickeln. Die allgemein vielfaeltigen realistischen Kunstrichtungen ab den 60er Jahren verhalfen seinem leicht sozialkritischen Realismus zum Durchbruch. Die nun beginnenden haeufigen Ausstellungen --ob Einzel- oder Beteiligungen – zeigten, dass er sich in der regionalen Kunstszene durchsetzte. Dieser Erfolg hielt bis zu seinem Lebensende 1990 an. In den 70er Jahren produzierte er weniger Bildwerke, aber in keinem Jahrzehnt nahm er an so vielen Ausstellungen teil. Es entstanden nun vermehrt Landschaften und er machte sich Gedanken zur Umweltproblematik. Er entwarf einiger Bilder zu dieser Thematik. Auch besann er sich auf fruehere Motive. Diese Rueckgriffe wurden aber weiter durchdacht. In den 80er Jahren entstanden weitflaechige, grosszuegige und von warmem Licht umhuellte Landschaften, die an Hopper erinnern können. Im Gegensatz zu frueheren Arbeiten hatte er endlich die kleinteiligen Strukturen und Dekors abgelegt und sich in diesem Jahrzehnt zum ersten Mal mit dem Licht und seinen Reflexen auseinandergesetzt. Er öffnete den Hintergrund in diesen Landschaften. In frueheren Perioden war selbst bei panorama-artigen Komposition der Landschaft der Bildhintergrund verriegelt. Die Arbeiten wirkten spröde, da er die Landschaft als Struktur oder Ornament sah. Die Bestaetigung seiner Arbeiten, die er in seinen letzten Jahren erfahren hatte, lenkte ihn zu solch harmonischen Oelbildern. Das Motiv der Dirnen -- seine frivolen Maedchen -- durchzieht sein gesamtes Werk. In der Art, wie er sie darstellte in seiner Formsprache, in ihrer Ueppigkeit und ihrer unbeschwerten Ausstrahlung, waren sie seine Bildschöpfung. Auch sie waren in den einzelnen Werkperioden einer Entwicklung unterlegen. Zu Anfang schienen sie unbeschwert und in den 60er und 70er Jahren stellte er sie dann dick, feist und mit bösem Gesichtsausdruck dar. In den 70ern reizte ihn das Motiv weniger, da er seine Damen nun aelter werden liess. Die Gesichter wurden verschlossener und abweisender abgebildet und Mitte der 70er Jahre wichen sie den Puppendarstellungen. Sein Realismus war keine beissende Anklage, keine vordergruendige, eher eine unterschwellige Kritik. Er kritisierte die Eitelkeit und Ruecksichtslosigkeit der Menschen. Er dachte und fuehlte mit den Schwaecheren unserer Gesellschaft. In vielen Arbeiten lag ein melancholischer Tenor, sodass er beim Betrachter Mitleid fuer die gezeigten Verhaeltnisse erweckte. So erweist sich Schuett als Nachfahre der Spaetexpressionisten, die ihre Kunst als ein aufklaerendes Medium verstanden. Schuett war zu Lebzeiten kein verschollener oder vergessener Kuenstler. Aber nachdem ein Grossteil seines Werkes in den Depots der Museen liegt, droht seinem Werk und damit ihm die Vergessenheit. Vielleicht kann diese Aufarbeitung des Werkes von Franz Th. Schuett den musealen Institutionen Anlass sein, ihm wieder -- vielleicht zu seinem 100. Geburtstag im Jahre 2008 -- eine Wuerdigung erfahren zu lassen.
Background: FTY720, an immunomodulator derived from a fungal metabolite which reduces circulating lymphocyte counts by increasing the homing of lymphocytes to the lymph nodes has recently gained interest in stroke research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of FTY720 in cerebral ischemia in two different application paradigms and to gather first data on the effect of FTY720 on the rate of spontaneous bacterial infections in experimental stroke. Methods: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in C57BL/6 mice (strain J, groups of 10 animals) was performed with two different durations of ischemia (90 min and 3 h) and FTY720 was applied 2 h after vessel occlusion to study the impact of reperfusion on the protective potency of FTY720. Lesion size was determined by TTC staining. Mice treated with FTY720 or vehicle were sacrificed 48 h after 90 min MCAO to determine the bacterial burden in lung and blood. Results: FTY720 1 mg/kg significantly reduced ischemic lesion size when administered 2 h after the onset of MCAO for 3 h (45.4 +/- 22.7 mm3 vs. 84.7 +/- 23.6 mm3 in control mice, p = 0.001) and also when administered after reperfusion, 2 h after the onset of MCAO for 90 min (31.1 +/- 28.49 mm3 vs. 69.6 +/- 27.2 mm3 in control mice, p = 0.013). Bacterial burden of lung homogenates 48 h after stroke did not increase in the group treated with the immunomodulator FTY720 while there was no spontaneous bacteremia 48 h after MCAO in treated and untreated animals. Conclusions: Our results corroborate the experimental evidence of the protective effect of FTY720 seen in different rodent stroke models. Interestingly, we found no increase in bacterial lung infections even though FTY720 strongly reduces the number of circulating leukocytes.