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This paper presents an overview of Corpus Linguistics and some possibilities of studies with corpora. It gives suggestions on how to build a corpus and shows the application of Corpus Linguistics in different areas of linguistic research.
O futuro existe?
(2002)
From Vater's Thesis, I bring the discussion about the future verbal tense to the centre of discussion. The aim is to prove hat the future verbal tenses can also express time in German, and, therefore, they have to be included in the verbal System and, secondly, that the expression of modality can also be expressed by the future forms, and that it usually overlaps the notion of time.
This paper emphasizes the importance of intonational studies, focusing on the final intonational contour in interrogative sentences in German and Brazilian Portuguese. Following considerations about intonation in general we present some observations about effects of intonation in such sentences at both syntactic and pragmatic levels.
Rezension zu Harald Burger, Phraseologie: Eine Einführung am Beispiel des Deutschen. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag 1998 (224 S., DM 69,00 ISBN 3-503-04916-9)
Rezension zu Ulrike Schilling: Kommunikative Basisstrategien des Aufforderns. Eine kontrastive Analyse gesprochener Sprache im Deutschen und im Japanischen. Tübingen, Max Niemeyer Verlag 1999 (Reihe Germanistische Linguistik 204, 335 S. ISBN 3-484-31204-1)
This paper presents results of research into syntactic negation in both German and Brazilian Portuguese dialogues. After some considerations on the nature of negation, its occurrence in a corpus is investigated based on semantic negation categories established from works by Polenz and Engel. Based on Ilari's works, possible syntactic negation forms are presented as formulae that express the relationships between their components. Use frequency of syntactic negation in the semantic categories in each language is presented, as well as possible sources of interference in the use of such elements by foreign speakers, along with considerations about negation, culture and language.
The boundaries between Semantics and Pragmatics still deserve to be investigated, since they remain unclear for many linguists, and since the word "pragmatics" has quite often been used among Brazilian linguists in an unscientific, rhetorical way, to enhance the importance of some approaches to meaning and interpretation. This paper claims that a theoretically sound boundary can be drawn between semantical and pragmatical approaches if we look at the way they deliver interpretations. Semantic interpretations are typically the result of some kind of calculus, whereas pragmatic interpretations are typically the result of some working out where no calculus intervenes, rather a highly specific solution is sought in order to integrate some unexpected fact into a coherent story. Thus defined, Semantics and Pragmatics can be referred to as deduction and abduction, respectively. In the light of the distinction just described, I revisit some of the phenomena that were pointed out in the last decades as best examples of the pragmatic functioning of natural language. I argue that presupposition, deixis and speech acts, highly predictable from lexicon and grammar, are semantical in nature; on dle contrary, implicature, since it depends on abductive thinking and it is not predictable from linguistic form, is described as a pragmatic phenomenon par excellence.
Rezension zu Elke Hentschel, Negation und Interrogation. Studien zur Universalität ihrer Funktion. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag 1998 (Reihe Germanistische Linguistik 195, ix + 250 S., 112,00 DM, ISBN 3-484-31195-9)
Rezension zu Lorenz Hofer, Sprachwandel im städtischen Dialektrepertoire. Eine variationslinguistische Untersuchung am Beispiel des Baseldeutschen. Tübingen: A. Francke Verlag 1997 (Basler Studien zur deutschen Sprache und Literatur 72, xiv + 306 S., 68,00 DM, ISBN 3-7720-2671-0)
Aktionsart
(1999)
This paper presents a discussion on aspect and 'Aktionsart' as categories of verbal forms in German and Portuguese. The distinction between the two categories is based on the assumption that 'Aktionsart' is more important in the German verb system, whereas aspect plays a more significant role in Portuguese. Aspect as a morpho-semantic category may be further specified by 'Akrionsart', which is a lexical semantic category and belongs to the meaning of the verb.
This paper contextualizes the teaching and learning of German as a foreign language in Brazil in the socio-historical field of colonial and post-colonial discourse. On the basis of three illustrative texts, from 1620, 1855 and 1998, it discusses the Interlocutionary Positions (Lugares de Interlocução; ORLANDI 1990) assumed by German and Brazilian speakers, as well as the possible consequences for the teaching and learning of German as a foreign language.
Rezension zu Brigitte Handwerker (Hg.), Fremde Sprache Deutsch. Grammatische Beschreibung – Erwerbsverläufe – Lehrmethodik. Tübingen: Gunther Narr Verlag, 1995 (Tübinger Beiträge zur Linguistik 409, 292 S., 96,00 DM, ISBN 3-8233-5074-9)
Rezension zu Angelika Linke, Markus Nussbaumer, & Paul R. Portmann, Studienbuch Linguistik. Ergänzt um ein Kapitel von Urs Willi 'Phonetik und Phonologie'. 3., unveränderte Auflage. Tübingen, Niemeyer 1996 (Reihe Germanistische Linguistik 121 (Kollegbuch), 472 S. 39,80 DM, ISBN 3-484-31121-5)
The present paper deals with grammaticalization as a comprehensive model of erosive processes in the history of natural languages, exemplified in German and Brazilian Portuguese. Grammaticalization is conceived of as the reduction of pragmatic versatility, semantic concreteness, syntactic liberty and phonetic substance of linguistic elements. It is subdivided into the processes of lexicalization, which transforms polylexematic into monolexematic elements, and deslexicalization, which reduces lexematic to sublexematic elements. In the middle of these processes stands the lexicon, which is seen as the central stock of linguistic elements. Within the lexicon, the process of grammaticalization continues, from lexical word classes through intermediate classes to grammatical word classes. The lower boundary of the lexicon is critical threshold, down to which the process of grammaticalization is compensated for by linguistic recycling that leads lexematic elements back into the linguistic circuit, through the formation of new polylexematic units. Beyond this threshold, however, no recycling is possible any more, so that elements which have once lost their lexical character are condemned to disappear in the long run. The different stages of grammaticalization are introduced and illustrated by means of concrete examples, first from Brazilian Portuguese and afterwards from German.
The present paper deals with selected morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of nominal totalizers in German and in Brazilian Portuguese. In particular, it analyzes the elements 'todo', 'cada', 'ambos' and 'os dois', as well as 'alle', 'jeder', 'der ganze' and 'beide'. In terms of morphology, it describes the formation of gender, number and case forms. In the field of syntax, it focuses on the position of totalizers in the nominal phrase, their relations to determiners and quantifiers, and the functional distribution of declension types. In terms of semantics and pragmatics, it investigates the codification of referential and quantificational information, definiteness and cumulative v distributive totalization. The epistemological interest is defined by the objectives of linguistic comparison between German and Brazilian Portuguese, including the analysis of typical errors committed by language learners in both directions.
This paper deals with the linguistic situation of the European Union, especially considering the role played by the German language. Beginning with some general remarks on the historical mechanisms that may influence the relative importance of a given language on a global scale, the history of the German language is discussed with the aim of explaining its present situation as the language with the greatest number of native speakers in Europe. which, at the same time, plays a relatively unimportant role in international communication.
Aspectos dos tempos verbais
(1998)
In this paper I present two tenses of the German verbal system, the so called Doppelperfekt and Doppelplusquamperfekt. Although these tenses have only been marginally dealt with in the grammars, more studies have recently been made on them within the field of Linguistics. In order to describe these tenses, I will concentrate on the following authors: Hauser-Suida & Hoppe-Beugel (1972), Eroms (1984), Thieroff (1992) und Vater (1994). The tenses will be analysed formally and their meaning and usage illustrated with examples taken from the articles above.
This paper aims to present a type of verb which serves to connect two or more propositions to each other in a way similar to that carried out by connectors such as conjunctions and prepositions. It is the objective of this paper to classify the types of semantic connections they establish, such as cause and effect, equivalence, and temporality. Verbs with this type of connectivity are called "connection verbs". They are investigated both in German and Portuguese, organized according to the semantic relations they indicate, and described by means of syntactic and semantic criteria.