Afrika südlich der Sahara
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The Mbuti people, "the pygmies of the Ituri Forest", have long been considered the nucleus of pygmy groups in Equatorial Africa, and have been studied by Sche besta, Gusinde, Putnam, and Turnbull. to name a few. Most of these studies were mainly somatometrical or concerned with the society, culture and religion, for the most part overlooking the ecological aspect. Until this time, few studies made by researchers directly involved in observing and participating in the hunting-gathering style of life have gone into an in-depth, ecology-focused approach to that life. C. M. Turnbull, in his book, "The Mbuti Pygmies: An Ethnographic Survey" (1965a), divides the Mbuti people into net hunters and archers. and summarizes ethnographic data gathered by Schebesta and Putnam, which he then uses to compare the two groups. He makes the point that the hunting-gathering economy exerts a great influence upon Mbuti society and ideology, tending to regulate their way of life. However. his data and analysis of actual hunting activities do not seem sufficient enough to prove this point. The same is the case with previous research of band societies around the world: It has often been stated that a hunting-gathering economy brings forth nomadism, division of labor according to sex, co-operation of labor, egalitarianism, distribution of food among the group, etc. Subsequently, studies have been undertaken to discover how these factors work to regulate the social life, social structure and ideology of a given hunting-gathering group. However, each time substantial investigation of the various hunting and food gathering activities themselves. which support the hunting-gathering economy, seems to have been left out. Cultural anthropologists who take the standpoint of cultural ecology discuss the relationships between the culture of a given group and its natural environment, but they make only a general description of both the natural environment involved, and of the actual association of the culture to that environment. This paper. as the first report on the ecological-anthropological studies of the Mbuti people. deals mainly with hunting, one of their subsistence activities. illustrating its various features and attempting to discuss the data I have obtained. Since the focus of this paper is on hunting activities, I will not cover the general life of the Mbuti people; the more general economic activities, social life, ideology, and so on. I will deal with these problems in another report. Here, I want to make it the ultimate object to gain clearer comprehension of Mbuti life, society, and mentality by concentrating on Mbuti hunting, which is closely connected with nature. This account obtained by first-hand observation of hunting activities, will illustrate the general hunting methods of the Mbuti people, and discuss the mode of existence of the Mbuti band. T. Tanno is to make a more detailed analysis of net hunting.
Republik Sambia
(1974)
Die Theaterstücke des kamerunischen Autors Kum'a Ndumbe III. sind erst seit einigen Jahren einem breiten deutschsprachigen Publikum zugänglich. Während er in Deutschland als Politologe durch seine Publikationen unter anderem zu deutscher Kolonialpolitik bekannt ist, fanden seine in deutscher Sprache zwischen 1967 und 1970 entstandenen Theaterstücke keine Beachtung bei deutschen Verlagen: „Ich schrieb mein letztes Theaterstück in deutscher Sprache im Jahre 1970. Dann hörte ich auf. Es war kein Echo da. Alle meine Versuche bei deutschen Verlegern blieben ohne Erfolg." Der mittlerweile in Lyon studierende Kum'a Ndumbe III. schrieb nun verstärkt auf französisch und veröffentlichte bei dem Verleger Jean Pierre Oswald, Paris in der Reihe Théâtre africain.
Focus expressions in Yom
(2006)
This paper deals with the means for expressing the pragmatic category of focus in Yom, which is an Oti-Volta language of the Yom-Nawdem group spoken by about 74,000 people (Gordon 2005, online version) in the department of Donga in Northern Benin. The study is based on results of my field research carried out in March/April 2005 in Djougou (Benin), within the framework of the project “Focus in Gur and Kwa languages”. Main aim of this fieldwork was to study the expression of focus in Yom. Regarding the basic grammatical structure of the language, I mainly rely on various publications by Beacham (1969, 1991, and 1997).
Sprichwörter der Zigula
(1938)
Die Zigula bezeiohnen ihre Sprichwörter als visimo. Die folgenden (50 A.d.R.) Sprichwörter verdanke ich einem Zigulamann Asmani bin Ali, der in seiner Heimat den Namen Maneko bin Muhina führt. Ich habe sie aufgenommen im März 1935 auf der Kapok-Pflanzung Karimi bei der Bahnstation Mnyusi, die im nördlichsten Zipfel des Zigulalandes liegt. Der dortige Pflanzungsleiter, Herr W. v. Geldern-Crispendorf stellte mir den Gewährsmann freundlichst zur Verfügung. Alle angeführten Sprichwörter werden Kindern als Lebensregeln gegeben. Die auf die Übersetzung des Sprichwortes folgenden Erklärungen. soheinen für uns dem Sinn des Sprichwortes nicht immer zu entsprechen. Ich gebe sie aber so, wie sie mir von meinem Gewährsmann mitgeteilt worden sind.
Die nachfolgenden Sprichwörter sind von mir selbst unter den Bapedi gesammelt. Ich habe meine Kinderjahre unter diesem Volksstamm zugebracht und von frühester Jugend an als Missionarskind die Sprichwörter im Umgang mit meinen schwarzen Spielgefährten täglich gebraucht. Später habe ich als Lehrer über zwei Jahre tagtäglich und fast ausschließlich in dieser Sprache unterrichtet. Das Pedi hat verschiedene Dialekte. Ich habe die Sprichwörter aber in dem eigentlichen Pedi-Dialekt, der für alle schriftlichen Arbeiten der Missionare gebraucht wird, aufgezeichnet. Außer etwa 50-80 Sprichwörtern, die ich aus "Ditaba tsa Mechutachuta" einem von der Berliner Missionsgesellschaft herausgegebenen Pedi-Schullesebuch entnahm, sind meines Wissens die andern noch in keiner gedruckten Sammlung erschienen. Sie sind von mir persönlich mit Beihilfe von eingeborenen Hilfssammlern zusammengetragen) die von mir angeleitet waren. Beaconsfield bei Kimberley, den 23. Juni 1927. G. Kuhn.
Kong et sa région
(1960)
In this article, an account is given of the planning of a trilingual dictionary Yilumbu– French–English. The focus is on the target user, the purpose, nature and typology of the planned dictionary. Attention is also paid to some macro- and microstructural issues. For example, all types of lexical items, including multiword lexical items, are given lemma status. Moreover all items are included according to the word tradition and on account of their usage frequency in the corpus. Apart from these aspects, types of dialectal forms as well as the type of special-field lexical items are also discussed. From a microstructural point of view, this article investigates different kinds of data types to be considered for inclusion in complex articles in particular. User-friendliness parameters and innovative access structure procedures also come into play.
Dictionaries contain lexicographic data whose occurrence is restricted to certain geo-graphical areas, subject fields, professions, etc. It is part of the duties of the lexicographer to give an account of such deviations to ensure a successful retrieval of the information on the part of the user. This contribution presents a discussion on labelling issues in the Dictionnaire Français–Mpongwé. Although the main focus is on the presentation of different types of labelling as well as problems in labelling, textual condensation procedures and mediostructural representations (to-gether with some aspects of the user perspective) are also critically evaluated. It is shown that these procedures reveal some inconsistencies which are not accounted for in the outer texts (front matter and back matter texts) of the dictionary. Finally suggestions are made for the improvement of the access structure of this dictionary.