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In this chapter we develop an agenda for future research on the personalization of politics. To do so, we clarify the propositions of the personalization hypothesis, critically discuss the normative standard on which most studies base their evaluation of personalization, and systematically summarize empirical research findings. We show that the condemnation of personalization is based on a trivial logic and on a maximalist definition of democracy. The review of empirical studies leads us to question the assumption that personalization has steadily increased in all areas of politics. Finally, our normative considerations help us develop new research questions on how personalized politics affects democracy. Moreover, this review also makes clear that another weakness of today's empirical research on the personalization of politics lies in methodological problems and a lack of analysis of the impacts of systemic and contextual variables. Consequently, we suggest methodological pathways and possible explanatory factors for the study of personalization.
Die Tragödie des Geistes
(1895)
Das binaurale Hören
(1893)
Die Verhältnisse des binauralen Hörens sind noch nicht häufig Gegenstand physiologischer Untersuchungen gewesen. Und was diese an anscheinend positiven Ergebnissen zu Tage gefördert, ist gerade für die wichtigsten Punkte noch so controvers, dass wir von einem Abschlusse der vorwürfigen Fragen offenbar noch weit entfernt sind. Eine kurze Skizzirung der in der Literatur zerstreuten hierher gehörigen Arbeiten wird dieses wenig erfreuliche Urtheil begründen.
The aim of this study is to look into the reasons for the institutional character assumed by the exchanges of prisoners from the early 9th until the end of the lOth century in the context of the Arab-Byzantine struggle in the Middle East. Over a period of 161 years, 20 official exchanges involving several hundrends of prisoners took place at the bed of the river Lamis near Tarse by the Cilician frontier. ...
Physiologie de la Parisienne
(1841)
Ephesus and its coinage
(1881)
Parabeln / von Johannes Jörgensen. Autoris. Übers. aus dem Dän. von Henriette Holstein-Ledreborg
(1899)
Second April
(1959)
One of the byproducts of World War II of which society is hardly aware is the new stage of development which the social sciences have reached. This development indeed may prove to be as revolutionary at the atom bomb. Applying cultural anthropology to modern rather than "primitive" cultures, experimentation with groups inside and outside the laboratory, the measurement of sociopsychological aspects of large social bodies, the combination of economic, cultural, and psychological fact-finding, all of these developments started before the war. But, by providing unprecedented facilities and by demanding realistic and workable solutions to scientific problems, the war has accelerated greatly the change of social sciences to a new development level. The scientific aspects of this development center around three objectives: (1) Integrating social sciences. (2) Moving from the description of social bodies to dynamic problems of changing group life. (3) Developing new instruments and techniques of· social research. Theoretical progress has hardly kept pace with the development of techniques. It is, however, as true for the social as for the physical and biological sciences that without adequate conceptual development, science cannot proceed beyond a certain stage. It is an important step forward that the hostility to theorizing which dominated a number of social sciences ten years ago has all but vanished. It has been replaced by a relatively wide-spread recognition of the necessity for developing better concepts and higher levels of theory. The theoretical development will have to proceed rather rapidly if social science is to reach that level of practical usefulness which society needs for winning the race against the destructive capacities set free by man's use of the llatural sciences. I should like to survey certain concepts and theories which have emerged mainly from experimental research. They concern: (a) Quasi-stationary social equilibria and social changes. (b) Locomotion through social channels. (c) Social feedback processes and social management. The last two of these will be dealt with in a later article. A cursory introductory discussion of certain aspects of the present state of affairs in social science is included here for those readers who are interested in the general background of these concepts and in the problems from which they have sprung.