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Despite a large body of research, the linguistic nature of exhaustivity in single wh-questions is unresolved. Moreover, little empirical evidence exists as to which related structures pattern with bare wh-questions regarding exhaustivity. This paper explores the felicity of various exhaustivity violations in unembedded single bare wh-questions in German and compares them to related structures. In two novel felicity judgment experiments, a total of 441 participants rated exhaustive as well as non-exhaustive plural and non-exhaustive singleton answers to wh-questions or statements in a questionnaire. Answers were based on picture stimuli depicting individuals performing various actions. The felicity of non-exhaustive answers was compared across four main test conditions: bare wh-questions (wer ‘who’), wh-questions with a lexical exhaustivity marker (wer alles ‘who all’), plural definite descriptions contained in a restrictive relative clause (e.g., “the people who are fishing in the garden”), and the scalar quantifier “some” (e.g., “some people who are fishing in the garden”).
We employ a novel methodological approach to improve the interpretability of statistical differences between experimental conditions by using the statistical measure of Minimal Important Difference (MID). Our results from estimated MIDs reveal that adults’ felicity judgments of non-exhaustive plural answers to bare wh-questions pattern with those to wer alles-questions and to plural definite descriptions: exhaustivity violations in the bare wh, the wer alles and the plural definite conditions were rated as less felicitous than exhaustivity violations in the some-condition.
Mit "Sit-in" und "Teach-in" zur Weltrevolution : Erinnerungen an den Sprachgebrauch der "68er"
(2018)
"Sit-in" und "Teach-in"? – Wer 1968 noch kein Zeitgenosse war, wird beides nur für zwei der im 20. Jahrhundert immer beliebter werdenden, aber oft unverstandenen Fremdwörter aus dem Englischen halten. Heute sind beide weitgehend vergessen, so brandaktuell sie auch einmal waren. Mit ihnen wurde nicht weniger gemeint als eine Sitzblockade vor Hörsälen und die Verhinderung einer regulären Lehrveranstaltung, indem man sie in ein Agitationsforum "umfunktionierte". Die traditionellen Vorlesungen wurden ohnehin als "säkularisierte Predigten" verhöhnt. Als ersten Frankfurter Hochschullehrer traf es ausgerechnet den Staatsrechtler Carlo Schmid, immerhin einen der Väter des Grundgesetzes, der seine Vorlesung abbrechen musste. ...
In this paper, I investigate the suppletion patterns that are found in languages that make a clusivity distinction. I will show that in the triple 1SG-1EXCL-1INCL, ABA patterns do not arise, consonant with other work on suppletion patterns (Bobaljik 2012, Smith et al. 2016). That is, it is not possible for the exclusive pronoun to supplete on its own whilst the singular and inclusive share a common base. All other patterns are attested. I will argue that the lack of ABA patterns supports the view that the inclusive is the most marked category in this set (Noyer 1992, Siewierska 2004, Cysouw 2003, a.o.), and propose that there is a containment relation such that the feature set that makes up the inclusive properly contains the features that form the exclusive, following the reasoning laid out in Bobaljik (2012). I further consider the makeup of person features, and argue that the lack of ABA patterns in clusivity suggest that clusivity features are privative, rather than binary ('cf'. Harbour 2016).