Medizin
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (53)
Has Fulltext
- yes (53) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (53) (remove)
Keywords
- (surface) partial differential equations (3)
- Finite Volumes (3)
- Liver cirrhosis (3)
- computational virology (3)
- massively parallel multigrid solvers (3)
- realistic geometries (3)
- viral dynamics (3)
- 3D spatio-temporal resolved mathematical models (2)
- HIV (2)
- hepatitis C virus (2)
- hepatitis C virus (HCV) (2)
- immune reconstitution (2)
- mathematical models of viral RNA cycle (2)
- sphingolipid (2)
- within-host viral modelling (2)
- 3D spatiotemporal resolved mathematical models (1)
- ATM (1)
- Acoustics (1)
- Aging (1)
- Alcoholic liver disease (1)
- Allergic rhinitis (1)
- Aspergillus fumigatus (1)
- Ataxia telangiectasia (1)
- CD3/19 depletion (1)
- CD34 selection (1)
- Caco-2 cells (1)
- Cancer detection and diagnosis (1)
- Cancer treatment (1)
- Cell motility (1)
- Cell salvage (1)
- Cell-to-Cell Spread (1)
- Chronic heart failure (1)
- Colorectal cancer (1)
- Computed axial tomography (1)
- Cytology (1)
- Cytoskeletal proteins (1)
- DHA (1)
- Deformation (1)
- EPA (1)
- Early goal-directed therapy (1)
- Ellipsoids (1)
- Epidural block (1)
- Exercise challenge at an ambient temperature (1)
- Exercise challenge in a cold chamber (1)
- Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (1)
- Fibrotest (1)
- GVHD (1)
- Genetic testing (1)
- H1N1 (1)
- HCV (1)
- HSCT (1)
- Hemagglutination inhibition assay (1)
- Hemorrhage (1)
- Hepatitis (1)
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- Hepatotoxicity (1)
- House dust mite allergy (1)
- IgE (1)
- IgG4-related disease (1)
- Immune suppression (1)
- Immunohistochemistry techniques (1)
- Immunology (1)
- In-line filtration (1)
- Indeterminate biliary stricture (1)
- Inflammation (1)
- Infusion management (1)
- Intensive care (1)
- Intensive care unit (1)
- Interleukin-22 (1)
- LC–MS/MS (1)
- Linear regression analysis (1)
- Liver diseases (1)
- Liver enzymes (1)
- Liver transplantation (1)
- Liver-related complications (1)
- Local IgE (1)
- Local allergic rhinitis (1)
- MELD (1)
- Medical ethics (1)
- Metastasis (1)
- Metastatic tumors (1)
- Methacholine challenge test (1)
- MitraClip (1)
- Morbidity (1)
- Mortality (1)
- NK cell (1)
- NK cell subset (1)
- Non-allergic-rhinitis (1)
- Nox4 (1)
- Organ dysfunction (1)
- Particles (1)
- Patient blood management (1)
- Portal hypertension (1)
- Primary prophylaxis (1)
- Pulmonary artery pressure (1)
- Radiation exposure (1)
- Regression analysis (1)
- Remote monitoring (1)
- S1P (1)
- SCT (1)
- SR-BI (1)
- SVR (1)
- SW480 cells (1)
- Sepsis-bundle (1)
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (1)
- Surgical and invasive medical procedures (1)
- Surgical oncology (1)
- Thyroid (1)
- Transfusion (1)
- Transient elastography (1)
- Ultrasound imaging (1)
- Volumetric analysis (1)
- acute cholecystitis (1)
- acute lung injury (1)
- allogeneic stem cell transplantation (1)
- angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) (1)
- ataxia score (1)
- ataxia telangiectasia (1)
- basic mechanisms (1)
- bevacizumab (1)
- bile duct stenosis (1)
- biomarker (1)
- bronchial allergen provocation (1)
- cART (1)
- cardiac surgery (1)
- cell salvage (1)
- cells (1)
- ceramide (1)
- children (1)
- clinical immunology (1)
- co-infection (1)
- cystic fibrosis (1)
- cytotoxicity (1)
- delayed cholecystectomy (1)
- dentin adhesives (1)
- direct-acting antivirals (1)
- early cholecystectomy (1)
- elderly (1)
- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (1)
- endoscopy (1)
- eosinophilic cholangitis (1)
- fibroblasts (1)
- first-line chemotherapy (1)
- gallstone disease (1)
- gender dysphoria (1)
- gender-affirming hormone therapy (1)
- hepatic fibrosis (1)
- hepatic steatosis (1)
- hepatitis C (1)
- in vitro (1)
- inflammation (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- legal gender reassignment (1)
- liver disease (1)
- metastatic colorectal cancer (1)
- neurodegeneration (1)
- oxLDL (1)
- parameter estimation (1)
- patient (1)
- patient blood management (1)
- population dynamics (1)
- primary sclerosing cholangitis (1)
- screening (1)
- transfusion (1)
- transsexualism (1)
- ulcerative colitis (1)
- within-host viral modeling (1)
Background: Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI)-imaging is an ultrasound-based elastography method enabling quantitative measurement of tissue stiffness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of ARFI-imaging for differentiation of thyroid nodules and to compare it to the well evaluated qualitative real-time elastography (RTE).
Methods: ARFI-imaging involves the mechanical excitation of tissue using acoustic pulses to generate localized displacements resulting in shear-wave propagation which is tracked using correlation-based methods and recorded in m/s. Inclusion criteria were: nodules $5 mm, and cytological/histological assessment. All patients received conventional ultrasound, real-time elastography (RTE) and ARFI-imaging.
Results: One-hundred-fifty-eight nodules in 138 patients were available for analysis. One-hundred-thirty-seven nodules were benign on cytology/histology, and twenty-one nodules were malignant. The median velocity of ARFI-imaging in the healthy thyroid tissue, as well as in benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 1.76 m/s, 1.90 m/s, and 2.69 m/s, respectively. While no significant difference in median velocity was found between healthy thyroid tissue and benign thyroid nodules, a significant difference was found between malignant thyroid nodules on the one hand and healthy thyroid tissue (p = 0.0019) or benign thyroid nodules (p = 0.0039) on the other hand. No significant difference of diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules was found between RTE and ARFI-imaging (0.74 vs. 0.69, p = 0.54). The combination of RTE with ARFI did not improve diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusions: ARFI can be used as an additional tool in the diagnostic work up of thyroid nodules with high negative predictive value and comparable results to RTE.
Variants resistant to compounds specifically targeting HCV are observed in clinical trials. A multi-variant viral dynamic model was developed to quantify the evolution and in vivo fitness of variants in subjects dosed with monotherapy of an HCV protease inhibitor, telaprevir. Variant fitness was estimated using a model in which variants were selected by competition for shared limited replication space. Fitness was represented in the absence of telaprevir by different variant production rate constants and in the presence of telaprevir by additional antiviral blockage by telaprevir. Model parameters, including rate constants for viral production, clearance, and effective telaprevir concentration, were estimated from 1) plasma HCV RNA levels of subjects before, during, and after dosing, 2) post-dosing prevalence of plasma variants from subjects, and 3) sensitivity of variants to telaprevir in the HCV replicon. The model provided a good fit to plasma HCV RNA levels observed both during and after telaprevir dosing, as well as to variant prevalence observed after telaprevir dosing. After an initial sharp decline in HCV RNA levels during dosing with telaprevir, HCV RNA levels increased in some subjects. The model predicted this increase to be caused by pre-existing variants with sufficient fitness to expand once available replication space increased due to rapid clearance of wild-type (WT) virus. The average replicative fitness estimates in the absence of telaprevir ranged from 1% to 68% of WT fitness. Compared to the relative fitness method, the in vivo estimates from the viral dynamic model corresponded more closely to in vitro replicon data, as well as to qualitative behaviors observed in both on-dosing and long-term post-dosing clinical data. The modeling fitness estimates were robust in sensitivity analyses in which the restoration dynamics of replication space and assumptions of HCV mutation rates were varied.
Mathematical models of virus dynamics have not previously acknowledged spatial resolution at the intracellular level despite substantial arguments that favor the consideration of intracellular spatial dependence. The replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral RNA (vRNA) occurs within special replication complexes formed from membranes derived from endoplasmatic reticulum (ER). These regions, termed membranous webs, are generated primarily through specific interactions between nonstructural virus-encoded proteins (NSPs) and host cellular factors. The NSPs are responsible for the replication of the vRNA and their movement is restricted to the ER surface. Therefore, in this study we developed fully spatio-temporal resolved models of the vRNA replication cycle of HCV. Our simulations are performed upon realistic reconstructed cell structures—namely the ER surface and the membranous webs—based on data derived from immunostained cells replicating HCV vRNA. We visualized 3D simulations that reproduced dynamics resulting from interplay of the different components of our models (vRNA, NSPs, and a host factor), and we present an evaluation of the concentrations for the components within different regions of the cell. Thus far, our model is restricted to an internal portion of a hepatocyte and is qualitative more than quantitative. For a quantitative adaption to complete cells, various additional parameters will have to be determined through further in vitro cell biology experiments, which can be stimulated by the results deccribed in the present study.