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Im Zeitalter von Internet und digitaler Wissensvermittlung hat auch die Geschichtswissenschaft die Photographie als Quellenmaterial zur Dokumentation historischer Lebensbedingungen und Ereignisse schätzen gelernt. Neben dem geisteswissenschaftlichen Aspekt solcher Photodokumente gibt es einen technisch-konservatorischen Aspekt.
While science claims to be universal, the notion of universality actually covers two very different facets: on the one hand, it refers to the universal value of the epistemological claims of science while, on the other hand, it addresses the issue of how fully the process of scientific communication is presently globalized. How the issue of open access crosses that of the globalization of scientific communication will be the theme of this presentation. The conclusion will be that, without open access, the globalization of scientific communication will lead to increased knowledge and digital divisions.
Der Vortrag wurde am 5th Frankfurt Scientific Symposium gehalten (22-23 Oktober 2005). Die Betrachtung des Videos ist (leider) nur mit den Browsern Internet Explorer ab 5.0, Netscape Navigator ab 7.0 oder Internet Explorer ab 5.2.2 für MaC möglich (s. Dokument 1.html). Die gesamten Tagungsbeiträge sind unter http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/volltexte/2005/1992/ abrufbar.
In keeping with the views of its guru, Stephen Harnard, the open access movement is only prepared to discuss the two models of the "green road" and the "golden road" as sole alternatives for the future of scientific publishing. The "golden road" is put forward as the royal road for solving the journals crisis. However, no one has drawn attention to the fact that the golden road represents a purely socialist solution to a free-market problem and thus continues the "samizdat" tradition of underground literature in the former Eastern bloc. The present paper reveals the alarmingly low level at which the open access movement intends to publish top-class results from science and research, and the low degree of professionalism with which they are satisfied.
The economical and organizational debates about open access have mostly been concerned with journals. This is not surprising since the open access movement can be seen largely as a response to the serials crisis. Recently the open access debate has been extended to include access to government produced data in different forms. In this presentation I'll critically look at some economic and organizational issues pertaining to the open access provision of bibliographical data.
In this increasingly complex world of learned information delivery and discovery - is it possible that the "free lunch" the Publishing world worries about could come true? Although Open Access and Institutional Repositories have not (yet) created the "scorched earth" effect many were predicting, they are slowly and inevitably gaining momentum. Broader access to top-level information via Google (and others) does indeed appear to be "good enough" for many in their search for content. But you rarely get food for free in a good quality restaurant. You pay for the selection, preparation, speed and expertise of the delivery. At the soup kitchen the food can often be filling - but the queue will be long, the wait even longer and there is no chance of silver service or à la carte. If you are unfortunate enough to have little choice then this may be a great solution. Others will be willing to pay for a more satisfactory meal. As in all aspects of life, diversification and specialisation are fundamental forces. The publishing community in the years to come will continue to develop its offerings for a variety of needs that require more than just broth. To stretch the analogy, the ongoing presence of tap water in our lives has done little to halt the extraordinary rise of bottled water as part of our staple diet. Business reality will continue to settle these types of debate; my bet is that the commercial publishers see a role as providing information that commands an intrinsic value proposition to enough customers to remain economically viable for some time to come. Inspired by the comments and ideas expounded by Dr. James O'Donnell of Georgetown University on the liblicense listserv on 20th July this year, this paper will look to expand on the analogy and identify the good, the bad - but importantly the difference in information quality and access that will result in the radically changed (but still co-existent) information landscape of tomorrow.
Background and Purpose of this Meeting With an opening reception sponsored by Thomson Scientific on the evening of Thursday, October 5, the University Library of Frankfurt and the German-North American Resources Partnership (GNARP) and will be hosting an important two-day conference this Autumn in Frankfurt, Germany: »The World According to GNARP: Prospects for Transatlantic Library Partnership in the Digital Age« Sessions at this meeting will explore the wealth of library resources - archival, print, and digital - available to students and researchers (in Germany and the United States) in five selected subject areas: North American Studies, German Studies, Judaica, Africana, and South Asia/India, highlighting both existing avenues (and obstacles) for transatlantic resource sharing along with future prospects. In addition, several other important topics will be highlighted through individual presentations and panel discussions: the future of German as a language of the sciences; existing and planned electronic journal archives in Germany and the U.S.; print and digital repositories; and a special panel on »comparative cataloging cultures« on both sides of the Atlantic. The »World According to GNARP« conference will be taking place simultaneously with the Frankfurt Book Fair, the largest book-related event in the world, attracting annually 285,000 visitors (2005), thus giving participants who arrive early the chance to combine attendance at both the Book Fair and Conference. A cultural event and dinner in Frankfurt are planned for Friday 6th October.
The LOCKSS (Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) Alliance is an international community of about 100 libraries and partners like OCLC. For almost a decade the LOCKSS open source model has been tested for its robustness against attack and for its ability to migrate formats. LOCKSS »boxes« at 150 institutions in more than 20 countries comprise a peer-to-peer system that automatically cross-checks content to ensure the accuracy and completeness of all member archives. Eighty publishers, including large publishers like Oxford University Press, are now participating in LOCKSS or actively preparing to add their journals to the program.
The mission of the Harvard Judaica Collection is to comprehensively document Jewish history and civilization in all places and periods. To accomplish its mission, the Judaica Collection collects materials in all languages and in all formats—books, pamphlets, periodicals, newspapers, sound recordings, and videos, posters, broadsides, and photographs. A particular focus is the Library’s Documenting Israel program, which covers all aspects of Israeli life and culture in great depth; Harvard has the largest collection of Israeli publications and Israel-related materials outside the State of Israel. The Harvard Judaica Collection also attempts to have comprehensive coverage of the publications of Jewish communities throughout the globe, including a significant collection of publications from countries across Europe. Collecting these materials requires cooperation with a wide array of institutions and individuals around the world.
The enhancing importance of digital documents has effected activities on how to deal with them. One line came from the more general field of "scientific publishing", which was handled in detail by DINI (Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation). But for this initiative long- time archiving was only one field of many and was not their primary focus. DINI first of all concentrated on the elaboration of effective and standardized methods and tools for publishing and related services on the basis of open access policy via the use of institutional repositories. The second line of projects came from the more general view of maintaining cultural heritage also in a digital world. Especially under the patronage of the Ministry of Education and Research important projects were being financed. Strategic solutions including archives, libraries, and museums are discussed and elaborated within NESTOR, where more technical solutions based on the term of practicability are developed within KOPAL. KOPAL brought together the industry (IBM) with a public- funded technical center (GWDG) and two libraries (DNB and SUB Göttingen). Within this project a general software implementation, which took into consideration all necessary international standards, could be finished last month and has been now for about two weeks. Based on early results within NESTOR it seemed important too, to strengthen all activities by giving them a legal basis. Therefore when the law changed concerning the German National Library from June 22nd this year (DNBG), the library was authorized with all the necessary instruments to collect digital documents in "non-physical" form as well. With this law at the moment Germany is in the rare position of being one of the few countries where the collection of network publications is part of the whole legal deposit strategy.