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Institute
- Extern (257)
Die Wierau, ein 14 km langer Zufluß der Hase im südlichen Niedersachsen, wurde faunistisch untersucht. 127 Arten aus 9 übergeordneten Taxa konnten bestimmt werden, darunter 32 Arten, die in der Roten Liste Niedersachsens geführt werden. Eine hohe Oiversität zeigt nur eine kurze Fließstrecke mit natürlichen Gewässerstrukturen. Die Gesamtartenzahlen entsprechen denen der anderen Fließgewässer der Region. Faunistisch bemerkenswerte Arten werden hinsichtlich ihrer Habitatbindung und Verbreitung besprochen. Die Art Rhithrogena semicolorata muß zumindest für das Osnabrücker Hügelland in die Gefährdungskategorie 1 gestellt werden.
Black-tailed Godwits (Limosa limosa) have been declining for decades in The Netherlands and so far this has not been slowed by conservation measures. A new form of agri-environment scheme was tried out in 2003-2005 at 6 sites where a ‘grassland mosaic’ (200-300 ha) was created by collectives of farmers through a diverse use of fields including postponed and staggered mowing, (early) grazing, creating ‘refuge strips’ during mowing, and active nest protection. We measured breeding success of godwits in each of the experimental sites and nearby, paired controls. Breeding success was higher (0.28 chicks fledged / pair) in mosaics than in controls, but due to lower agricultural nest losses only. Chick survival was 11 % in both mosaics and controls. The amount of late-mown and other grassland suitable for chicks hardly differed between treatments during the fledging period, mainly due to rainfall delaying postponed mowing in all sites. Chick survival was however positively correlated with site variation in the amount of high grass (>18 cm). Breeding success was high enough to compensate for adult mortality (ca. 0.6) in only one mosaic site. Chick survival was lower than in previous Godwit studies, indicating that additional loss factors have increased. Predation (50-80 % of chicks, mostly by birds) is a candidate, but changes in the suitability of late-mown grassland (insect abundance and sward density in grass monocultures) may also play a role. Consequently a higher management investment is needed to achieve a self-sustaining population.
Es wird eine Brombeerart (Gattung Rubus, Rosaceae) der Subsektion Hiemales E. H. Krause, Serie Vestiti (Focke) Focke neu beschrieben und abgebildet. Die Art kommt in Deutschland in Hessen (Taunus) und Rheinland-Pfalz (E-Hunsrück) vor. Weitere Aussagen werden zur Ökologie und Abgrenzung zu ähnlichen Arten gegeben.
Zur Nomenklatur der Brombeeren in Norddeutschland (Gattung Rubus L. sect. Corylifolii, Rosaceae)
(1990)
Auf der Basis der Regeln des International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) wird die Gültigkeit der Veröffentlichungen von Namen für Brombeeren der Sektion Corylifolii (Gattung Rubus L.) bei FRIDERICHSEN & GELERT (1887) und KRAUSE (1888, 1890) diskutiert. Hierbei wird deutlich, daß, wie bei der Anwendung von Gesetzesparagraphen auf konkrete Rechtsfälle, in bestimmten Fällen ein Ermessensspielraum gegeben ist, ob ein Name als gültig oder als nicht gültig veröffentlicht anzusehen ist.
Around 1800, aesthetic debate suddenly places music at the very top in the hierarchy of the arts, even superseding poetry: This has become a commonplace not only in scholarly discourse. The protagonists of this re-arrangement of the artistic disciplines are Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder, E.T.A. Hoffmann and Ludwig Tieck. In their programmatic texts, they state that music is to be free and absolute and stress its metaphysical quality and its close relation to the supernatural. Furthermore, music is supposed to be no longer dependent on the other arts, and music releases the listener or the musician from prosaic everyday life. As Wackenroder writes in Die Wunder der Tonkunst, […] [a]ll sickening thoughts which, according to Wackenroder, are the illness of mankind vanish with a piece of music, making our mind sane again. Literary romanticism here recurs to a long tradition that reaches back to the classical ages in Greece and Arabia: Music is used as a remedy for curing illnesses of various kinds. In classical antiquity, Apollo is the god of music, poetry and dancing as well as the god of healing. He was also named “Iatros” (physician) or Apollo Medicus. […] Orpheus as a bard and demigod was also said to be capable of curing diseases by means of his music. […] Thus, music in history is part of treating physical illness on the one hand, but on the other hand is more and more considered to provide a remedy especially for mental deficiencies. Music is meant to improve nervous disorders and sometimes it is even prescribed as a regular medicine. As we will see in Hoffmann’s text Die Genesung, there is a connection between the ritual healing processes in the temples of Aesculapius and the setting of the forest in which the old man regains his health.
In this study, we report the results of a long-term investigation on changes in population size and fledging success of Northern Lapwing on Wangerooge, a German Wadden Sea island. This population is increasing over a period of 34 years in contrast to numerous populations in North-western Europe. The reproductive success however declines over time and also with population density. Both effects cannot be considered separately due to autocorrelation. However, it is noted that the population on Wangerooge is not sustained by local recruitment only. This outcome is even more alarming as coastal areas and islands are considered as rare high quality meadow bird habitats. According to the present results Wangerooge cannot be considered as a source habitat for Northern Lapwings in North-western Germany.
Human impacts on the landscape have increased the penalties for Black-tailed Godwits laying their eggs too late, especially in the very intensive agricultural landscapes of The Netherlands. Thus, godwits have experienced a dramatic change of their fitness landscape, because the advance in mowing date made late clutches worthless destroying either eggs or chicks. To determine the driving forces of the recent population decline we study the individual variation in timing of breeding with respect to reproductive success in a population unaffected by mowing. Our results show that even in a low intensity agricultural area it is very important for godwits to breed early in the season.