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This article analyses the influence of Kant on conceptions and definitions of modern literature and art in publications by Lyotard, Kothe, Weber and Luhmann. It is argued that central issues in these publications, such as artistic autonomy, the sublime and the concept of L’art pour l’art, are adopted directly from Kant’s philosophical work and still serve as paradigms in the discussion of origin and status of modern social structure and its art production.
The relevance of the work and the influence of Franz Rosenzweig, a German Jewish philosopher of the beginning of the last century; are still to get the appreciation they deserve. Rosenzweig was the author of one of the greatest – and less read – books of the 20th century, "The Star of Redemption", where he develops his philosophical system mainly on basis of theological categories. To the "monologue of the I" of mainstream philosophy, Rosenzweig opposes a "new thinking", of existential character, which values orality and the "other", and where language substitutes reason as a tool for thought. In it one can find some correspondences with the thought of Walter Benjamin. This "new thinking", also, strongly influenced Emmanuel Levinas and nowadays bears its fruits within "linguistic turn" philosophy and theology, and post-modern Jewish thought. This philosophy found in Rosenzweig's work in translation one of its main practical applications. To translate was for Rosenzweig a necessity, emanating from an ethics constituted as "first philosophy". This article examines some aspects of Rosenzweig's writings from where his "philosophy of translation" is made explicit.
Die Vorgeschichte von "Des Minnesangs Frühling" als einem Gemeinschaftswerk von Karl Lachmann und Moritz Haupt reicht in den Herbst 1934 zurück. Im Oktober dieses Jahres trafen Haupt und Lachmann das erste Mal im Hause von Karl Hartwig Gregor von Meusebach [...] zusammen. [...] Ein Ergebnis der überlieferungshistorisch orientierten Debatte der letzten Jahre liegt, wenn ich richtig sehe, in der Einsicht, daß eine so gut wie ausschließlich auf formale und ästhetische Urteile gegründete Philologie zu sehr diachrone, entwicklungsgeschichtliche Gesichtspunkte favorisiert. [...]) Eine Ausgabe von "Des Minnesangs Frühling", die sich [...] stärker von der Tradition verabschieden, als dies schon durch die Neubearbeitung geschehen ist, müßte [...] wohl ohne die namenlosen Lieder auskommen.
This study is an introduction to the systems theory developed by the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann (1927-1998) and its significance for literaty studies. It departs from a historical point of view which understands the period around 1800 as the climax of the transformation from a stratified European society into a modern society with a social order structured by differentiated systems such as education, economy, law or literature, each with its specific function and characterized by its typical form of communication. In Germany, the literary system reflects this process in the poetology of Romantic writers. Literary communication is defined as a second order observation that oscillates between the real and potential and makes the ordered forms clearer. The autonomous and differentiated literary system becomes a field that is being observed by its environment. The history of literature in the 19th century instrumentalizes it for political goals, while the new copyright laws and the idea of the book as a profitable merchandise imbued the system of literature with accelerated dynamics.
In view of the tremendous success of Victor Klemperer's diaries testimoning his personal experience as a Jew in Nazi Germany, this article discusses the specific contribution of witness literature to the knowledge of history. During the Holocaust period, in the face of death, true historical knowledge was essentially reduced to personal experience. Klemperer's clandestine journal exposes how the collective trauma affected everybody through the daily speech patterns, dictated by the Nazis' appropriation of the German language. In this memory of Alltagsgeschichte as a critical history of language can be seen the specific contribution of Literature of testimony. The function of Klemperers chronicle of 'Lingua Tertii Imperii' to develop the readers linguistic sensitivity, in order to enable them to reappropriate their language.
In the present context of the triumph of capitalism over real socialism, this article points out that, despite their ideological differences, both systems are bound to the same conception of history-as-progress. In contrast, it recalls Walter Benjamin's philosophy of history, marked by the critique of progress in the name of a revolutionary time, which interrupts history's chronological continuum. Benjamin's perspective is used to study the conflict of temporalities among the Soviet artists in the two decades after the October Revolution: on the one hand, the anarchic, autonomous and critical time of interruption – which is the time of avant-gade –, on the other hand, the synchronization with the ideas of a progressive time as ordered by the Communist Patty; this is the time of vanguard, whose capitalist Counterpart is fashion.
This essay shows how Goethe and Johann Gottlieb Fichte converge in a common supranational cultural ideal, in spite of their divergences in relation to their poetic and scientific approaches. Goethe's idea of style as the supreme principle of art and Fichte's philosophical conception, which emphasizes philosophical activity as the art of thinking independently, constitute the thematic focus of the present article which also tries to make the point of coincidence of art and science evident.
This paper analyses the idea of the avant-garde in Benjamin and its reception in German literary criticism after World War II. It examines the works of Hans Magnus Enzensberger and Peter Bürger, who focus on the concept of avantgarde. This perspective allows us to broaden our reflection on German literary history since the end of World War II, and this contributes to the discussion on Postmodernism. The elaboration of the concept of allegory gives this discussion a clearer direction. Benjamin's key-notion of profane illumination was not received in a theoretical-philological way – but it materialized as experience in the students' revolt at the end of the 60s and the beginning of the 70s.
This article deals with the annotations made by Victor Klemperer, in the diary of his 1925 journey to Rio de Janeiro. His descriptions are shown to be pervaded by his constant attempt to analyse, to interpret objectively and to compare his observations with what he already knew, and not merely a protocol of his emotions and the impressions brought about by the newness and the exotism of his experiences during the journey.
[Alfred Ebenbauers] altertumswissenschaftliche Prägung äußert sich in seinen Arbeiten zur skandinavischen und mittellateinischen Literatur: die Dissertation widmet sich der Helgi-Sage und dem Helgi-Kult (...), einer der ersten Aufsätze gilt dem Altisländischen (...), un der Germanischen Religionsgeschichte bleibt er treu (...), schreibt den einschlägigen Artikel in der Theologischen Realenzyklopädie. (...) Als Perspektive durchzieht das Denken vom Mythos (...) her viele Arbeiten, der Blick in den "Brunnen der Vergangenheit" reicht bei ihm weiter als bei den Fachkollegen, und die "Frühzeit menschlichen Bildträumens", umd mit Thomas Mann zu sprechen, ist als Horizont oft präsent.