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Although Heinrich Eduard Jacob visited Brazil in 1932, having written various articles about this trip in particular, and later three books on Brazilian issues, he is almost unknown in Brazil. The following paper, therefore, focuses on the biography of the journalist and writer and his Brazilian books "Hothouse South America" (1934), "Coffee. The Epic of a Commodity" (1935) and "Estrangeiro. Einwandererschicksal in Brasilien" (1951). Furthermore he is put in context with other German-speaking authors who wrote about Brazil in the thirties and forties. These were mainly émigrés fleeing the Nazism such as Stefan Zweig, Richard Katz, Wolfgang Hoffmann-Harnisch, Frank Arnau and Marte Brill. Regarding the image of Brazil espoused by Jacob, it becomes clear that he, as so many other authors, saw in Brazil a "Land of a future" (as he called it) and an alleged existing "racial democracy". Nevertheless, he doesn’t refrain from revealing the proverbial Brazilian cordiality to be only appearance and from pointing out existing difficulties such as the politics regarding the coffee and the negative consequences of the nationalism promoted by the Vargas-Regime. By doing so, he took a view that opposed the one of his friend Stefan Zweig.
Poucas obras marcaram tanto o imaginário acerca do Brasil como o livro de Stefan Zweig intitulado "Brasil – um país do futuro", escrito nos anos 1940. No entanto, não obstante a fama desse livro e de sua visão de um Brasil harmonioso, não se deve esquecer que existem livros de outros autores de língua alemã, escritos nessa mesma época, com visões e interpretações acerca do Brasil divergentes daquelas reveladas por Zweig. Neste artigo, são abordados alguns aspectos da imagem do Brasil presentes no "Romanceiro Brasileiro", de Ulrich Becher – um autor relativamente negligenciado pelos estudos germânicos. Zweig, na procura por benesses do governo de Getúlio Vargas, demonstra uma tendência de ocultar possíveis conflitos que poderiam ameaçar a harmonia que ele acredita ter encontrado no Brasil. Ao contrário disso, Becher – para quem esse país foi apenas um lugar de passagem - destaca justamente as contradições e dissonâncias presentes, focalizando aspectos conflitantes com uma imagem idílica, como os grandes problemas e injustiças sociais, e chega, assim, a elaborar uma imagem talvez mais plausível do Brasil.
Goethe e Brecht em diálogo
(2008)
O propósito desse trabalho é tecer um paralelo entre os prólogos do "Faust I", o "prólogo no céu" de Goethe e o prólogo da peça de Brecht "Der gute Mensch von Sezuan". A análise comparativa dos dois textos oferece subsídios para se afirmar que Brecht cria uma paródia do prólogo goethiano, procedimento que será interpretado como uma das características da literatura do século XX. Tal recurso de intertextualidade e de recriação será visto como uma forma de caracterizar o presente amorfo a partir do confronto e da analogia, com visão crítica, de uma obra consagrada da tradição.
Wenn "Der Marques de Bolibar" hier […] in eine Reihe mit bedeutenderen Texten gestellt wird, bedarf das einer Begründung. Die erzähltheoretische Frage nach der Motivation von Geschehen betrifft den narrativen Aufbau literarischer Werke, nicht ihren ästhetischen Wert. In den vier bislang untersuchten Texten war der Aufbau einer doppelten Welt beziehbar auf umfassendere metaphysische, ästhetische, sozialhistorische und psychologische Probleme. Auch im "Marques de Bolibar" werden zwar gewichtige Themen und Motive verwendet – der Ewige Jude tritt auf, es geht um Apokalypse und kollektiven Wahn. Diese Elemente werden jedoch nur als Versatzstücke verwendet und erschöpfen sich in ihrer narrativen Funktion. Andererseits: Gerade weil er kein "Loch in den Bauch der Welt reden" wollte und sich auf das Handwerk einer durchdachten Handlungsfügung beschränkte, gelang es Perutz, unter allen fünf Autoren die doppelte Motivationsstruktur am prägnantesten auszuarbeiten. Während die Erzählstruktur der doppelten Welt bei Goethe der Auseinandersetzung mit romantisch-metaphysischem Wirklichkeitsverständnis diente, bei Hoffmann eine verdeckte Poetik ausdruckte, bei Vischer psychopathologischen und bei Mann regressiven Hintersinn er-öffnete, ist sie bei Perutz nurmehr Instrument zur Befriedigung gehobenen Unterhaltungsbedürfnisses. Diese unterschiedlichen Funktionen derselben narrativen Struktur werden am Schluß noch ausführlicher zu erörtern sein.
"DER ZECH. So heißt ein in Kohlenbergwerken lebender Höhlenkäfer, wo er das einförmige Geräusch. der Spitzhacke mit seinem guten Takte begleitet. In den belgischen Gruben nannten die dortigen Leute den Zech auch Verhaeren." Als Franz Blei 1922 in seinem "Großen Bestiarium der modernen Literatur" den Schriftsteller Paul Zech karikierte. konnte er voraussetzen. daß seine Leser die Anspielung auf Zechs charakteristisches Thema verstanden. Wie kein anderer in Deutschland galt Zech Anfang der zwanziger Jahre als Dichter der industriellen Arbeitswelt, besonders des Bergbaus. Doch seine literarische Laufbahn ist durch die nationalsozialistische Herrschaft unterbrochen. die Wirkung des Werks nachhaltig gestört worden. Heute ist er aus dem allgemeinen literarischen Bewußtsein fast verschwunden und, wenn überhaupt, eher durch Neuveröffentlichungen des späteren Exilwerks bekannt.
Karl Lieblichs Lebengeschichte ist die eines weitgehend vergessenen, deutsch-jüdischen Dichters, der das nationalsozialistische Deutschland verließ, um ins brasilianische Exil zu gehen, und nach dem Krieg nach Deutschland zurückkehrte. Dieser Artikel setzt sich das Ziel, sein Leben nachzuzeichnen, seine literarischen und kulturphilosophischen Werke zu analysieren und in die Zeit einzubetten.
The poem "Zurich, zum Storchen" by Paul Celan is often read as a document on the tension between Celan and Nelly Sachs, which resulted particularly from their different attitudes to the Shoah. However if the poem is read in connection with the cycle "Die Niemandsrose" and with Celan’s poetological thinking at this time, Celan’s opposite standpoint means much more than a theological discussion: it serves for the affirmation of human presence.
The article studies the German-speaking poetess Nelly Sachs, who received the Nobel-Prize for literature in 1966, together with Shmuel Agnon. In order to shed light upon the behind the decision of the jury, an overview on life and work of the author will be given and a number of poems will be analyzed.
This article points out facts that help to explain why Franz Kafka was not awarded the Nobel Prize.
Diese Miszelle beabsichtigt, durch die Auslegung des Kapitel 62 von Robert Musils "Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften" den Begriff des 'Essayismus' zu erläutern. Sie erhebt nicht den Anspruch, die nahezu unabsehbare Forschungsliteratur zum Roman zu diskutieren, sondern beschränkt sich bewusst auf die von Musil angedeutete Konzeption.
This essay aims at making a survey of Kafka’s reception in Brazil. After justifying the importance of this study, I show how intermittently Kafka’s work was translated into Brazilian Portuguese in the very beginning of his reception, that is to say, 1956. The first text published in Brazil was "Die Verwandlung", which was written in German in 1915. However this text was not translated from the German, but from the English. Other texts were translated from the French. Translations from the German only appeared in 1983, among them the one with the 'short stories' "Kleine Fabel", "Der Geier", "Gibs auf!" and "Vor dem Gesetz". It is interesting to notice that essays and other articles in newspapers on Kafka and his work preceded the translations. For example, the first essay on the author was written by Otto Maria Carpeaux in August 1941 in the newspaper "Correio da Manhã". Nowadays Kafka’s work is object of considerable research in Brazil.
This paper deals with the image of Spain and how it is misrepresented in the German historical narratives written during the exile period. This misrepresentation is due on the one hand to the writers' lack of knowledge of the historical context in which their works were set and on the other hand to the individual motivation of the authors themselves. Through an examination of the two novels which Lion Feuchtwanger set in Spain, "Die Jüdin von Toledo" and "Goya", this article will try to analyse how in both cases the Spanish context offered the author the perfect frame to build the plot and the scenes and relate it to the historical moment Germany was experiencing. Furthermore, literary images and motifs will also be taken into consideration in order to prove how the reality of Spain in two very particular moments of its history was distorted in both novels.
Schon Ingeborg Bachmanns eigene Konzeption rechtfertigt die Assoziation Undines mit Lulu nicht – viel weniger noch die literarische Entfaltung des Themas von der Meerjungfrau, der Mahrte, und ihrer Verbindung mit einem Sterblichen (...). (...) [Volker Mertens betrachtet] die Erzählungen von der Mahrtenehe strukturell als Thematisierung einer Differenz zweier Welten und als Integrations- und Harmonisierungsversuch, der scheitert, oder – selten – auch gelingen kann. Die beiden Welten sind durch komplementäre Defizite und Überschüsse gekennzeichnet, die einander kompensieren können.
From the very beginning literary discourse plays a decisive role in the context of colonial discourse of power. Even Anna Seghers, a progressive socialist authoress with a fixation on the Enlightenment, the French Revolution and the Jewish-Christian tradition is unable to detach herself from the European claim on universality. In a tensely opposed relationship of projection and otherness, of "memoria" and intertextuality, Heiner Müller, however, understands literature in the sense of Emanuel Lévina's respect for the other being as a work on difference.
In the concentration on his text, the author Franz Kafka is often reduced to the phantom of a deadly sick and Oedipus-struck inventor of abstract labyrinths in an absurd bureaucratic universe. This talk intends to reintegrate him into the landscape of various conterts of modernicy at the beginriing of the 20Ih century such as: the movement of life-reform, intellectual debates, academic research in the field of industrial accidents, changing erotic relations and the enthusiasm for new technical products. As a result, the author claims that Kafka could well be imagined as a member of the pre-war-society described by Thomas Mann in the "Magic Mountain".
Stefan Zweig was the only important German writer who chose Brazil for his exile in the 1940s. Before he committed suicide in Brazil, he wrote the frequently cited and more frequently criticized book in which Brazil is called the land of the future. But in Brazil he also finished another book, 'Die Welt von Gestern', a book of memories, an account of the world from which Zweig came, a work of historic, cultural and political relevance, which was immediately published in Spanish (Argentine) and Portuguese (Brazilian) translations. When compared with the German original, these translations contain significant cuts and modifications, which can be understood as interventions of some kind of censorship, and which are prejudicial to the political brisance of the book.
Drei Erfahrungsberichte über Bertolt Brechts Theater auf brasilianischen Bühnen. Caco Coelho spricht über den Zyklus der Brecht-Lesungen, -Aufführungen und -Vorträge seiner Theatergruppe 'Os Fodidos Privilegiados ' 1998 in Rio de Janeiro. Fernando Peixoto vertritt die Ansicht, daß der zentrale Punkt von Brechts Theater darin besteht, Emotionen im zwischenmenschlichen Verhalten und in ihren politisch-historischen Kontexten verstehbar zu machen. Er erzählt unter anderm von einer "Wiederentdeckung" der Brechtschen Theaterästhetik durch eine Laiengruppe in Amazonien und vertritt insgesamt ein undogmatisches, auf die heutigen Verhältnisse ausgerichtetes Lernen mit Brecht. Willi Bolle berichtet von seiner Inszenierung von Brechts 'Die Hochzeit ' (1919) mit einer Laien-Theatergruppe in São Paulo 1997-1998, in der die lineare Struktur des Textes durchbrochen wurde durch die Einführung einer neuen Perspektive sowie einer neuen Figur, der Braut, die sich das Hochzeitsfest in der Erinnerung vergegenwärtigt.
Brecht's early play 'Baal' contains an allusion to Brazil. The interpretation of the image of Brazil designed in this play might raise a profitable discussion in order to introduce Brecht's theatre into the classroom and to motivate the students to study it. Therefore, the present paper suggests that the study of Brecht's theater should be started with the analysis of his first play and sketches a possible way to do this.
Heiner Müller e Brecht
(2000)
Based on Heiner Müller's play 'Fatzer +- Keuner', the present article shows Müller's opinion on Bertolt Brecht's work. The adaptations of Brecht's didactic plays (Lehrstücke) by Müller are commented on and compared to the originals.