BDSL-Klassifikation: 16.00.00 Jahrhundertwende (1880-1914) > 16.15.00 Zu einzelnen Autoren
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (393) (remove)
Language
- German (347)
- Portuguese (31)
- English (8)
- French (2)
- Multiple languages (2)
- Spanish (2)
- Turkish (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (393)
Keywords
- Hofmannsthal, Hugo von (178)
- Mann, Thomas (27)
- Rezeption (24)
- Rilke, Rainer Maria (23)
- Literatur (18)
- Lyrik (18)
- Schnitzler, Arthur (17)
- Hugo-von-Hofmannsthal-Gesellschaft (15)
- Bibliografie (14)
- Brief (13)
Von allen wichtigen Texten Benjamins sind seine Sonette auf seinen Dichterfreund Christoph Friedrich Heinle, der seit 1913 mit ihm in der Jugendbewegung aktiv war und am 9. August 1914 verzweifelt über den Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs mit seiner Verlobten Rika Seligson Selbstmord verübt hatte, verhältnismäßig wenig von der Kritik gewürdigt worden. Entstanden sind die Gedichte vermutlich zwischen 1915 und 1925, mit Handschriften-Datierungen von vor Ende 1917 und nach Anfang 1918; ihr Manuskript befindet sich unter den Papieren Benjamins, die im Juli 1981 von Giorgio Agamben in der 'Bibliothèque nationale' in Paris gefunden wurden. Sie sind in einer komplexen Sprache verfasst, die verschiedene Vorbilder - darunter den Duktus Stefan Georges und den Spätstil Hölderlins - höchst eigenwillig weiterführt. Esoterische, oft rätselhafte Metaphern und willkürlich-kryptische Bilder, eine preziös-archaisierende Stilhöhe, grammatikalische Brüche und das syntaktische Zusammenhänge verschleiernde Fehlen der Interpunktion, durch diese Merkmale verweigern sich die Sonette einer hermeneutischen Entschlüsselung, die sich durch den Nachvollzug der Einzelheiten im Gesamtzusammenhang das Verständnis kohärenter Sinntotalität erhofft. Stattdessen sind die Leser darauf angewiesen, die sich immer wieder selbst verschleiernde Beziehung des lyrischen Ichs zu dem Verstorbenen durch ein Nachbuchstabieren bestimmter Textdetails so zu rekonstruieren, dass deren Inkonsistenzen, Sinnbrüche und Mehrdeutigkeiten nicht beseitigt, sondern als das Medium erkannt werden, in dem eine poetisch-erotische Liebe die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen ihrer eigenen Versprachlichung reflektiert. Diese performative Selbstreflexion - so meine Kernthese - geschieht vorrangig im Rahmen einer intermedialen Beziehung zwischen Schrift, Bild bzw. Blick und Musik. Dabei soll gerade der letzteren Kunstform besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden, ist sie doch erst in jüngster Zeit systematisch von der Kritik behandelt worden.
Seit den 1980er Jahren entwickelte sich in den Literaturwissenschaften die Fragestellung nach den literarischen Konstitutionsbedingungen der Beschreibung fremder Kulturen. Dies untersuchte vor allem die narrativen Entwürfe der Begegnung mit dem Fremden in fiktio-nalen Texten. Das Schaffen Hermann Hesses bildet ein Beispiel dafür, dass unterschiedliche Mentalitäten unterschiedliche Wahrnehmungsformen von Kulturen präformieren.
Propomos neste texto indicar que a presença da Primeira Guerra na poesia de Georg Trakl vincula-se de modo inextricável à sua concepção sombria do mundo, em que o homem surge como um ser incontornavelmente desgraçado. Se nessa poesia resiste um romântico desejo de pureza, beleza e bondade, tal aspiração é continuamente refutada por imagens ameaçadoras do mal inerente ao mundo, dentre as quais as da Guerra talvez se imponham como as mais aterradoras. A fim de evidenciar esse vínculo, buscaremos primeiramente explicitar a experiência de prevalecimento do mal no poema "De Profundis" (De Profundis), escrito antes da Guerra, para em seguida analisar essa experiência nos poemas "Grodek" (Grodek) e "Lamento" (Klage), em que está diretamente associada a ela.
Um Wedekinds politisches Engagement und Denken am Vorabend und während des Ersten Weltkriegs zu verstehen, bedarf es zunächst einer Rückschau, denn so sehr auch individuelle politische Äußerungen sich auf ein aktuelles Tagesgeschehen beziehen, sind sie doch nicht nur allein aus diesem Kontext heraus zu verstehen.
Einen kleinen Ausschnitt der literarisch-künstlerischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Weltkrieg möchte ich im Folgenden verfolgen, indem ich nachzeichne, wie sich der Erste Weltkriegs in drei Romane einschreibt, die man mit guten Argumenten als zentrale Texte der deutschsprachigen Literatur der Zwischenkriegszeit betrachten kann, sowohl thematisch als auch ästhetisch und programmatisch.
The reading of Kafka's "Metamorphosis" that I propose on the following pages is based on two assumptions that are derived from widely divergent approaches to Kafka's writings. The first is the offspring of psychological interpretation and recognizes that homologous unconscious strategies are operative in the "Letter to his father" and Kafka's tale. Josef Rattner, writing about the "Ur-Situationen", the "primal situations" that Kafka experienced as a child and which produced in him his most basic psychological attitudes (Rattner calls them Grundhaltungen), concludes: "Kafka's life is an incessant attempt to cope with his father-experience. His father is at the base of his anxiety of life and his crippling hypochondria. … Sadism and masochism are distinctive features of Kafka's works."
This essay deals with two retellings of Genesis: Thomas Mann's "Joseph and his brothers" and Anita Diamant's "The red tent". Both authors note the presence of implicit pagan tendencies among the women of Jacob's clan (Gen 31:19; 35:2) and develop this subtext for their respective ideological purposes. Thomas Mann creates a dichotomy between the backwardness of the pagan female realm and the progressive nature of the monotheistically-oriented patriarchs. The path toward modern humanist values comes from the likes of Jacob and Joseph rather than Rachel and Leah in Mann's novel. Anita Diamant, on the other hand, adopts the opposite attitude, namely, that the paganism of Rachel, Leah, as well as other women in Jacob's family, is a humane and natural form of spirituality in contrast to the bloodthirsty Yahwism of Jacob and his sons. The latter point is illustrated by the sacking of Shechem. In order to question the patriarchal stance of the Old Testament Diamant reverses the key values informing the theology of the Bible. Thus, in "The red tent" Jacob's wives venerate the Ashera in particular. The latter constitutes a challenge to the stance of the Deuteronomic History where the cult of the Ashera is viewed as a key reason behind God's decision to let the Babylonians destroy the Southern Kingdom of Judah. And since Mann's novel upholds the patriarchal spirit of the biblical text, Diamant enters into debate with the continuity of female disempowerment which reaches all the way from Genesis to "Joseph and his brothers".
It is commonplace to assert that the Book of Genesis in the Old Testament is based on an androcentric position. Although critics have tried to introduce some sort of female empowerment by reassessing various biblical stories (cf. Savina Teubal, 1984), Genesis remains a man's realm with only a limited female perspective. The case of Dinah's rape by Shechem in Genesis 34 illustrates the marginality of womanhood in the biblical world and theology. The pericope tells us that, while the Israelites are settled near the Hivite city of Shechem in Canaan, Jacob's and Leah's daughter Dinah goes out of the Israelite camp. She is raped by Shechem, the prince of the eponymous city, who then abducts her and makes her one of his household. A deal is concluded by Jacob's sons and the Shechemites, according to which the situation can be made legitimate through marriage if the men of Shechem circumcise themselves. While the Shechemites are weak at er the surgery, the Israelites sack the city, kill all the males and take Dinah back.
The Book of Job from the Old Testament is juxtaposed in detail with its hypertext in Thomas Mann's novel: the chapter where Jacob mourns for his "dead" Joseph. An argument is made that Mann's awareness of rabbinical literature creates a connection with the Akedah tradition, i.e., different ways of dealing with the sacrifice of Isaac by Abraham in Genesis. The notion that Abraham actually does kill Isaac, as suggested by a medieval rabbinical text, is interwoven into the analysis of Jacob's mourning for Joseph who appears as an Issaac-like sacrificial victim in Mann's novel. A connection is established between Abraham, Job and Jacob as figures whose children are claimed by God, and their reactions to this test are compared.
The argument proceeds from the documentary hypothesis in modern biblical studies. This hypothesis is based on the assumption that the 1st 5 books of the Old Testament were written by four different authors at different times. These authors are known as J, P, E and D. Their writing was joined in the 5th c. B.C.E. into what became the Pentateuch and the first part of the Old Testament. The result of this joining was a series of contradictions and redundancies in the final text as we have it today. Readers of the Bible who seek to read it as one coherent text try to naturalize these contradictions by what I call "stitching." Stitching involves putting coherence back into the Pentateuch by accounting for the contradictions and redundancies in terms of plausibility and common logic. Modern authors who write versions of Old Testament stories, such as Thomas Mann in his "Joseph and his brothers", also engage in stitching. I demonstrate how Mann stitches a number of important episodes from the Patriarch saga. I discuss the effect of this process on the story line. I compare that to two other recent instances of biblical stitching in modern fiction. And I conclude with the argument that stitching in modern biblical hypertexts stems from the need for coherence in the modern realistic novel. This post-enlightenment coherence impulse is contrasted with myth and the latter's tolerance for loose ends and less than coherent narrative.
Sholem Asch's epic novel "Moses" has been criticized for a number of shortcomings. One of the main reproaches has do with Asch's attempt to present myth as history in a serious and at times "stuffily reverential" style (Siegel 194). Leslie Fiedler compares Asch's retelling of Exodus-Deuteronomy to Thomas Mann's version of Genesis in "Joseph and his Brothers" and argues that Asch, unlike Mann, lacks the irony of Mann's approach which is essential for handling mythological material in the modern age. Fiedler maintains that Mann's novel is superior to Asch's because Mann does not try to modernize the original material by rationalizing it (Fiedler 73-4). While there is much truth in what Fiedler says about "Moses", the contrast between Mann and Asch is not quite so clear-cut. Undoubtedly, the two authors did handle their material in radically different ways. However, both authors were writing modern realistic novels, i.e., they were dealing with a genre that demands structural coherence. And in this respect one must not overemphasize the difference between Asch's and Mann's treatment of myth.
Partindo das considerações de Gianni Vattimo e de Jürgen Habermas sobre a instauração nietzschiana da pós-modernidade como uma "despedida" à modernidade ocidental e ao tipo de racionalidade a ela associada, este texto analisa o modo pelo qual uma "crítica autorreferencial da razão" (Habermas) é efetivamente engendrada pelo pensamento estético nietzschiano, de modo a reconsiderar os termos pelos quais a própria "despedida" pós-moderna deve ser concebida.
Em 1903, Arthur Schnitzler publicou a peça "Reigen" (port. "A ronda"), a qual apresentava dez diálogos, cada qual se desenvolvendo antes e depois de uma conquista sexual. A obra pretende apresentar comportamentos típicos de diferentes classes sociais através da forma como se comportavam para chegar ao mesmo objetivo. A ciranda sexual apresentada no texto causou comoção em sua época e foi criticada por sua alegada imoralidade. Em 1950, a peça foi transposta para o cinema em um filme de Max Ophüls. Sua obra buscou ser fiel ao original, mas também concedeu uma certa leveza ao tema, o que parece indicar um alargamento nos padrões morais diante o sexo. Em 2012, Fernando Meirelles filmou uma releitura da peça de Schnitzler: "360". Na atualidade, uma era marcada pela liberação sexual, o filme não mantém a leveza dada por Ophüls, mas, pelo contrário, é pesado e trata de relações interpessoais através do prisma do sentimento de culpa provocado por traições ou desejos sexuais reprimidos. Neste artigo, será discutido como a temática do desejo e dos impulsos sexuais trazida por Schnitzler se transformou com a passagem de mais de um século, e como a questão da ética foi modelada a cada obra e seu tempo.
The article examines the reception of Hugo von Hofmannsthal's works by two Czechoslovak authors writing in German: Max Brod and Josef Mühlberger. The reception of Hofmannsthal's oeuvre is reflected primarily in Brod's novel "Mira", Brod's correspondence with Hofmannsthal, and Mühlberger's essay "Hugo von Hofmannsthal". The article explores how both authors depict the Viennese poet and what they consider to be Hofmannsthal's main significance and legacy for future generations. The article also compares Brod's and Mühlberger's statements with thematically similar texts by the Austrian author.
The author of the study examines the relations between the poetry of the German expressionist Georg Heym (1887–1912), the Austrian expressionist Georg Trakl (1887–1914), and Czech literature, especially poetry. Both these authors are representatives of early expressionism. Heym is also known in the Czech lands through the translations of Bohuslav Reynek, František Vrba, Ivan Slavík, Ludvík Kundera and Radek Malý. Trakl's work affected the development of modern Czech poetry through translations by Bohuslav Reynek. Specific and significant manifestations of Trakl's influence can already be found in the work of Bohuslav Reynek and in the first two collections by František Halas. In varying degrees, the authors have left traces in the poetry of František Hrubín, Vilém Závada and Jan Zahradníček. The echoes of Trakl's poetry can be heard in the 1960s in the work of the poet Zbyněk Hejda.
The friendly relationship between the renowned Munich doctor Wilhelm Schenk von Stauffenberg and the Austrian author Hugo von Hofmannsthal can be viewed in terms of the writer's life and work. This study traces the contacts between the two men, describes their shared interests and shows how Hofmannsthal planned to depict Stauffenberg in his works. These issues are viewed against the background of Stauffenberg's and Hofmannsthal's friendship with Countess Mechtilde Lichnowsky, who introduced the two men in 1909; the paper traces the mutual contacts until Stauffenberg's death in 1918.
Dějiny šlechtického rodu Lichnowských otevírají vhled do evropského kulturního panoramatu od poslední čtvrtiny 18. století až do konce první poloviny 20. století. Členové této knížecí rodiny se proslavili nejen svou vlastní literární a hudební tvorbou, ale také kulturními kontakty se soudobými umělci. Taktéž biografie kněžny Mechtildy Lichnowské (1879–1958) je protkána přátelstvími s německy a anglicky píšícími autory, hudebními skladateli a v neposlední řadě soudobými malíři. Předložená studie navazuje na dlouhodobý výzkum zabývající se fenomenální kulturní kontinuitou šlechtického rodu Lichnowských a přibližuje kontakty kněžny Mechtildy Lichnowské a Hugo von Hofmannsthala. Přátelství obou autorů bylo formováno jejich literárními a hudebními zájmy, jež ovlivňovaly vzájemnou, umělecky podnětnou výměnu názoru. Reflexe dramatické tvorby Hugo von Hofmannsthala a obraz jejich několika setkání, zachycený ve vzájemné korespondenci, doplňují mozaiku informací o literární tvorbě, kontaktech, názorech a uměleckém vývoji obou spisovatelů.
Franz Janowitz je autorem skici s názvem "Die Biene". Tento krátký alegorický text sice používá metaforu včely, v té době již tradiční, netradičně ji ovšem přenáší do oblasti podstaty sexuality ženského pohlaví, čímž metafora nabývá oproti obvyklé pozitivní konotaci konotaci negativní. Autor prostřednictvím této dekontextualizace zdánlivě pojednává o životě včel, ve skutečnosti se ale zabývá ženskou sexualitou v duchu filozofie Otty Weiningera, jíž byl prokazatelně ovlivněn.
Cílem tohoto článku je popsat, co je styl každodenního života a jak se liší od stylu poezie. Na základě stylistické analýzy básně "Panter" Rainera Marii Rilka je zřejmé, že Rilkovi nešlo primárně o zvíře jako takové, ale o to, jak chycené zvíře prožívá svoje uvěznění. Jako kontrast k básni je použita kapitola o panterovi v Brehmově "Životu zvířat". V tomto případě mluvčí vypovídá o světě, který je podle jeho přesvědčení skutečný.
Darstellungen der Erwerbsarmut sind in der deutschen Literatur spätestens seit dem 19. Jahrhundert weit verbreitet, prominente Beispiele stellen etwa Georg Büchners "Woyzeck" als schockierende gesellschaftliche Analyse des Teufelskreises aus Armut, Erniedrigung und Unterdrückung des Paupers sowie Gerhart Hauptmanns "Die Weber" als desillusionierende Darstellung der Ausbeutung des Proletariats dar. In den 20er und 30er Jahren gerät eine neue soziale Schicht in den Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit, die in zahlreichen sozialen Studien und literarisch, nun vorrangig nicht mehr in der Form des sozialen Dramas, sondern im Genre des neusachlichen Romans, aufgegriffen und beleuchtet wird: die Angestellten.
Desafios à tradução do texto satírico : alguns exemplos de "Dritte Walpurgisnacht" de Karl Kraus
(2012)
Último texto de fôlego de Kraus, "Dritte Walpurgisnacht" ("Terceira noite de Valpúrgis") foi a reação do satirista à tomada do poder por Hitler. Do ponto de vista tradutório, oferece grande variedade de problemas, visto que o autor faz um uso exuberante de citações, trocadilhos, aliterações, neologismos e variações de ditos, provérbios, máximas e lugarescomuns. Este artigo apresenta alguns desses problemas e discute possibilidades para sua solução, não sem antes definir uma abordagem teórica.
O objetivo deste texto é analisar a experiência do estranho no romance "Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge", de Rainer Maria Rilke, através de novas perspectivas de interpretação apoiadas, por exemplo, nas teorias psicanalíticas de Sigmund Freud. Vivendo em uma cidade estrangeira (Paris), com a qual ainda não se identifica, o protagonista do romance, Malte Laurids Brigge, descobre um mundo interior novo através de seu choque com experiências do estranho nesse milieu. A revelação de recordações de sua infância e a projeção de seu ego em leituras de narrativas alheias são seus métodos para buscar e afirmar sua identidade.
Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar a correlação de pensamento entre três importantes nomes da segunda metade do século XIX – Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud e Hugo von Hofmannsthal – que se debruçaram sobre as crises da identidade masculina frente ao retorno do matriarcado. Tendo a Viena fin-de-siècle como cenário, o feminino é apresentado aqui por intermédio de Electra, que no texto homônimo de Hofmannsthal representa não só o fortalecimento como a própria destruição da mulher.
Pretendemos, no seguinte artigo, apresentar a história de Fausto através da tradição do teatro de animação e suas influências sobre obras literárias relacionadas ao doutor herético. Baseada em uma personalidade real, a lenda de Fausto remonta à época da reforma luterana. Desde o "Volksbuch" de Spies, Fausto operou como um exemplo de advertência para a fé recém surgida, que encontrou na técnica do teatro de animação a maneira ideal de difundir sua ideologia. Mais tarde, a advertência tornou-se fascinação em relação a esta personagem, que ganhou fama em sua fusão com a divertida tradição do "Kasperltheater". Seguindo as pegadas dessa evolução, podemos certamente entender algumas das direções que a lenda tomou em obras literárias, especialmente no caso do "Fausto" de Goethe.
O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar algumas das principais características do conto "Kleist in Thun", de Robert Walser, na tentativa de refletir sobre como o texto literário é capaz de estabelecer um diálogo com a tradição, através da ficcionalização da figura de um autor, especificamente através de um gênero narrativo praticado por Walser, o retrato.
Neste artigo é feito um estudo do conto "A hora e a vez de Augusto Matraga", de Guimarães Rosa, de modo a se observar como o trágico manifesta-se nessa obra e como ele pode representar um sinal de salvação para a personagem principal. Tal estudo está ancorado na concepção de trágico nietzschiana, segundo a qual a tragédia se constitui a partir da fusão de duas forças opostas, referentes aos espíritos de Apolo e Dioniso, representantes da aparência e da essência, respectivamente.
A idéia central deste artigo é apontar o papel fundamental de alguns aspectos do pensamento romântico na compreensão da relação entre artista e sociedade, exposta criticamente por Thomas Mann em seu romance Doktor Faustus. Nessa perspectiva, considerase que uma exacerbação deformadora da tradição romântica - nos moldes em que ela é sugerida no romance e na trajetória do protagonista, o músico Adrian Leverkühn – é, enquanto ponto em comum da avaliação de Mann sobre o papel social do artista, sobre o caráter hermético da estética moderna e a decadência existencial e artística do protagonista do romance, um aspect decisivo para entendimento da problematização da relação entre arte e sociedade ali apresentada. A estrutura do artigo propõe o entendimento da relevância desta influência romântica nos rumos da arte moderna a partir de três ângulos distintos e complementares. Nomeadamente: as considerações estéticas e políticas do intelectual Thomas Mann; as relações entre o Romantismo e a dissolução do sistema tonal na música moderna e, por fim, o intelectualismo estéril e mudo da arte de Leverkühn. A idéia desta divisão é, pois, passando pela dimensão sócio-política da reflexão crítica (auto-avaliação do autor) e pela dimensão estética (as transformações dentro do sistema tonal da música erudita), contemplar os dois elementos fundamentais que estruturam o romance e vislumbrar mais nitidamente a proposição crítica da elaboração literária de tais questões.
Der Beitrag setzt sich mit dem 1922 erschienen und in Österreich populären Roman "Die Stadt ohne Juden" von Hugo Bettauer auseinander. Es wird versucht, hinter diesem öfters in die Kategorie der Trivialliteratur abgewerteten Werk, das aber zugleich ein besonderes Zeitdokument darstellt, die Positionierung von Bettauer im durch den Zerfall der Habsburgermonarchie ausgelösten Prozess der Bildung einer neuen österreichischen Identität zu deuten. Es werden insbesondere die von Bettauer im Roman zahlreich verwendeten Stereotype analysiert, die einen Schlüssel zur aufgeworfenen Problematik darstellen.
"Meine Herkunft als Österreicher und Böhme" : Rainer Maria Rilkes böhmisches Selbstverständnis
(2008)
Nicht Zwiespältigkeit, sondern Zwiefältigkeit kennzeichnet jene Grundspannung in Rainer Maria Rilkes Leben und Werk, die er als "reinen Widerspruch" definiert. Aus seiner Herkunft "als Österreicher und Böhme" entwickelt der "europäische Dichter" ein "böhmisches Selbstverständnis", das nicht nur für seine slavophilen Prager Jahre, sondern auch für seine Spätzeit als "čechoslovakischer Staatsbürger" in der Schweiz nachgewiesen wird. Das Österreichische deutet Rilke als versäumte übernationale Utopie, die Staatlichkeit der ČSR, verkörpert im Präsidenten Masaryk, als zukunftsweisende Möglichkeit eines emanzipierten "Nachfolgestaates".
Der vorliegende Text untersucht einen Zusammenhang von Bewegungs- und Körperkultur im Rahmen der Bildungs- und Erziehungsdiskurse des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts und ihre verzerrten Spiegelungen in den Bewegungs- und Schönheitsidealen des Nationalsozialismus. Bei weitester Auslegung des Lehr- und Forschungsgegenstandes "Landes-kunde Deutschland" – und in dieser wird die NS-Zeit immer eine Rolle spielen – kann der Aufsatz ein Kulturphänomen aufzeigen, das die Ideologie der Nazis hinsichtlich der körperlichen Erziehung aufnahm und in ihrem Sinne deutete.
Der vorgelegte Beitrag steht im Kontext der allgemeineren Frage, ob der Identitätsdiskurs der literarischen Moderne in den europäischen Einzelsprachen unter Umständen nationale Besonderheiten im Hinblick auf die formale Darstellung oder die Aussage-Haltungen aufweist – oder nicht. Bei den hier bevorzugt behandelten Texten ("Der Steppenwolf" von H. Hesse und "Ein gewöhnliches Leben" von Karel Čapek) kann man bemerken, dass während der deutsche Roman einen Bruch zwischen Sinn und Form zur Darstellung bringt, indem er Ironie als exklusives Mittel der Identitätsbildung nur propagiert, nicht aber darstellt, Čapeks Schrift in der Krise des Ich-Zerfalls tatsächlich einen neuen Sinn, nämlich die eigentliche Prozessualität und Intersubjektivität aller Sinnbildung auf-deckt. Diese markante Differenz der Schriften gründet sich auf eine Reihe wichtiger Übereinstimmungen, so besitzt besonders das Todesmotiv in seiner engen Verbindung mit der Frage nach dem eigenen Sein eine für beide Texte zentrale Funktion – in der literarischen Darstellung kann überhaupt nur der sterben, der zu sich selbst gefunden hat.
A origem brasileira de Thomas Mann, por parte de sua mãe, Julia da Silva Bruhns, deu ocasião, na maturidade do escritor, a seu contato com intelectuais brasileiros ou estrangeiros ligados à cena cultural do Brasil. No primeiro grupo, tem-se Gilberto Freyre, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda e Erico Verissimo. Residentes no Brasil, Karl Lustig-Prean, que posteriormente retornará à Europa, e o tradutor Herbert Caro, que se radica em definitivo no Brasil. Também o contato direto ou indireto com pensadores e escritores como Karl Loewenstein, Heinrich Eduard Jacob, Marte Brill e Stefan Zweig colaboraram para a aproximação de Thomas Mann ao universo brasileiro. Estes e outros pontos de contato são descritos no presente artigo, que pretende difundir dados e documentos há muito inacessíveis ou inéditos, no sentido de contribuir com abordagens atualizadas da obra de Thomas Mann e oferecer à pesquisa especializada a indicação de dados biográficos e documentais relacionados ao escritor, no que concerne à sua relação com o Brasil.
Em "Der Fall Maurizius", romance de Jakob Wassermann de 1928, parcialmente ambientado em 1908, à época da República de Weimar, o autor critica o pragmatismo alemão, apoiado numa burocracia de estado que, mesmo depois do fim do Império, continua a exercer o poder de maneira absoluta. Wassermann revolta-se contra a má administração da justiça, e contra o caráter perverso daqueles que, tendo se apoderado do aparelho estatal, arrogam a si mesmos o papel de representantes dos melhores princípios do humanismo alemão. O pragmatismo, assim, apresenta-se como a falsificação daqueles valores que supostamente o legitimariam – notadamente, do princípio de Justiça, "Gerechtigkeit". A inocência de um adolescente, Etzel von Andergast, filho de um grande promotor, é o que traz à luz este estado de adulteração. Ao mesmo tempo, a figura de Waremme, descendente de judeus provenientes de regiões da Polônia ocupadas pela Prússia desde 1772, é uma figura sinistra, que rompeu com o legado ético de seus antepassados, pretendendo exercer um papel de destaque no movimento nacionalista alemão, para frustrar-se e ocupar posição marginal numa sociedade repleta de desencaminhados e perplexos. Desta forma o autor representa as aporias de uma geração que sente na pele esse exílio da justiça e a crise generalizada de valores.
"Der Prinz von Theben" beinhaltet neun Geschichten ('Miniaturen'). die sich im märchenhaften, teilweise Surrealen, sowohl örtlich, als auch zeitlich nicht weiter definierbaren Orient abspielen. Der Orient wird - auf den ersten Blick aber eben nicht ausschließlich - als stereotyper Schauplatz der Trieb- und Sündhaftigkeit gefasst. Er ist 'das Andere', das Undefinierbare, das 'Surreale' und steht im Gegensatz zum 'geregelten' Abendland. Hier setzt die Lektüre an. Über den theoretischen Zugang von Queertheorien und postkolonialenTheorien wird das gegenseitige Bedingungsverhältnis von kultureller und sexueller Differenz in den Texten durchmessen, literarisch erkundet und die (post-)kolonialen Schreibweisen ausgelotet.
Lasker-Schülers Text verfährt zum einen kolonial, d.h., dass der orientalische Ort zur Projektionsfläche für eigene Wünsche, Sehnsüchte wird und einer, vermeintlich im 'anderen' aufgehobenen Identität, Raum gibt. Zugleich wird er zum Schauplatz, an dem im Sinne eines queertheoretischen und postkolonialen Ansatzes sich das Subjekt auf der Basis von zum Teil widersprüchlichen und ungelösten, nicht vereinheitlichenden Aspekten von Identität formiert. In diesem Spannungsfeld, in diesen Momenten der Ambivalenz verschränken sich diese Verfahrensweisen und eröffnen Momente von 'postcolonial-queer'.
This article takes a new look at the novels of the Austrian Jewish writer Adolf Dessauer (1849-1916). Dessauer wrote an ironic chronicle of his contemporaries' world in turn-of-the-century Vienna. A banker by profession and an amateur novelist, he published two novels in his lifetime ("Götzendienst", in 1896, and "Großstadtjuden", in 1910), both taking place in the Habsburg capital, which was then undergoing a process of rapid economic and social change. Though his books are nowadays virtually forgotten, Dessauer was a very accurate chronicler of the customs of the social class which ascended with economic liberalism, and which became increasingly close to the empire's declining aristocracy, mimicking its tastes and habits.
As opposed to what happened in other European nations, the bourgeoisie in the Habsburg Empire never attempted to construct its own aesthetic and cultural repertoire, but consistently imitated the aristocratic patterns of its time. Dessauer makes a biting and ironical portrait of this class and its attempt at aristocratic appearances.
He also shows how Karl Lueger's Christian anti-Semitic party in Austria recruited its voters from the impoverished class of artisans, which had lost space as a consequence of the establishment of a new economic order. Lueger's political campaign was directed towards this growing class, and he identified the rise of liberal capitalism with Jews and Judaism.
In "Großstadtjuden" Dessauer looks at the same phenomena, but does so from a strictly Jewish point of view. His second novel portrays the reactions of a number of Jewish families from Vienna to rising anti-Semitism. This historical aspect of the Viennese Jewish community, which was Europe's numerically largest after Warsaw's, is a striking prelude to the history of European Jewry in the 20th.century, thus giving Dessauer's work an unexpected afterlife.
This paper examines the decisive importance which the work of Switzerland's only – albeit now completely forgotten – Nobel Prize winner for Literature had on the development of Swiss prose in the 20th century, and all this without receiving any critical attention whatsoever. The article will also try to give an answer to one of the most frequently asked questions: why such a prestigious award was granted to an author whose name has not managed to travel beyond the borders of Switzerland or the limits of his lifetime.
Aspectos românticos, naturalistas e simbolistas em "A mulher sem sombra" de Hugo von Hofmannsthal
(2000)
'Die Frau ohne Schatten' ('The Woman without Shadow') by the Austrian author Hugo von Hofmannsthal, is a kind of fairy tale in which a large and complex web of symbols is woven around an abstract landscape and characters of an enigmatic nature. Despite its intangible atmosphere reminiscent of the Romantic era, a rather Naturalistic world is revealed as the narrator leads us through a huge city and follows the poor people in their lives of misery and suffering. This paper analyses this hybrid character of Hofmannsthal's text and identifies the various aesthetic traits present in it.
Die produktive Rezeption von Thomas Mann im Roman "Ana em Veneza" von João Silvério Trevisan (1994)
(1999)
The novel "Ana em Veneza" (1994) by João Silvério Trevisan is composed as a literary game of intertextual references to the works of Thomas Mann. Especially his tales "Enttäuschung" ("Desillusion") and "Tod in Venedig" ("Death in Venice") and his novel "Doktor Faustus" serve as models. Trevisan uses figures, motives and themes of Thomas Mann on various levels of his own literary creation, thus using elements in the works of the German writer as pattern of a "European" attitude towards art, about which he argues through his characters, seeking a specific Brazilian identity as an artist. The article surveys this productive reception of motives from Thomas Mann's works, refering to the basic ideas of the novel.
Teatro expressionista
(1997)
This paper discusses expressionist theatre, its thematic and dramatic aspects, and its most important authors.
This contribution focuses on the conditions of literary production in Germany during the Nazi regime. The article analyzes the work of writer Ricarda Huch as one of the representatives of the so-called "Inner Emigration", literary trend promoted by writers that were not placed to serve the interests of the State, but instead sought to convey - through their work - humanistic values and critics of the status quo, despite the censorship and often putting their lives at risk. The poetic anthology Herbstfeuer ("Fire of Autumn"), published in 1944, is one of the most significant examples of the literature of resistance under the yoke of Nazism.
The object of this paper is to attempt a comparison between the perception of the big city by an author of German expressionism, Georg Heym, and the Brazilian modernist Mario de Andrade. The aim is to compare the poetic visions of two cities, Berlin and Sao Paulo, at the beginning of the twentieth century and highlight both, the coincidences and differences in the perception of urban life, based on the ideas of the German sociologist Georg Simmel on the life of man in modernity and the stimulations of nerve impulses.
O coveiro
(2008)
O matador de dragões
(2008)
Vladímir, o pintor de nuvens
(2008)
A caixa dourada
(2008)
A Costureira
(2008)
In the years around 1880 the concepts of modern culture studies were still largely unknown. The term 'cross-culture experience' that is now part of the standard vocabulary of today's human sciences had not yet been invented. And yet the heyday of colonialism saw the publication of numerous texts that analysed the experience of the strange and unfamiliar with remarkable sensitivity. The German governess Ina von Binzer was twenty-four when she left for a two-year visit to Brazil, where she worked with the family of a wealthy coffee plantation owner. On her return to Germany she turned her diary jottings into a fictionalised epistolary novel, describing in great detail the domestic and social reality of the Segundo Império, while also depicting the way in which the daily experience of otherness gradually increased in intensity until it became a very real feeling of culture shock. On the strength of its conscious struggle with the sense of being different and alien, Binzer's work may be characterised as a 'culture study avant la lettre'.
This article draws a parallel between Jakob Wassermann's interest in the history of Kaspar Hauser, which led him to write a novel still considered as the most eloquent literary rendering of this episode, and his own situation as an outsider in German culture. Wassermann's feeling of alienation towards his own country is expressed in his autobiography, titled “Mein Weg als Deutscher und Jude” and his “Kaspar Hauser” is seen here a kind of "estrangement novel", a term which is a counterpoint to the traditional German concept of Bildungsroman. In this respect, it displays some striking analogies with works by later authors, who have drawn this specifically Jewish-German genre to a kind of paroxysm, such as Franz Kafka and Elias Canetti. A novel by an author usually seen as a conservative thus reveals an unexpected avant-garde aspect, which in certain ways foresees the future development of Jewish-German literature. On the other hand, Wassermann's critique to the Bismarckian mentality, which dominated Germany in the first half of the19th. Century, appears to detect some tendencies crucial to the development of German political life in the early 20th, century.
Zum bürgerlichen Haushalt, weiß man, gehören gute Bücher. Selbstverständlich gehören sie deshalb auch zu dem des Ehepaars Institoris, das in Thomas Manns „Doktor Faustus“ das Exempel bildungsbürgerlichen Niedergangs angibt. Dessen Wohnung, das »Musterbild eines Heims deutschen Kultur-Bürgertums« (440), beschreibt der Roman als bloße Staffage um die politische und psychische Zerrüttung ihrer Bewohner. Die »guten Bücher«, die man bei den Institoris »überall, im Wohn-, Empfangs- und Herrenzimmer, aufgestellt fand« (440), stehen deshalb im Romantext in Anführungszeichen, nicht um sie selbst, sondern um den Bezug ihrer Besitzer zu ihnen als Phrase zu kennzeichnen. »Gut« bedeutet hier den dekorativen Schauwert, so daß auch die Inhaltsangabe auf Möblierung deutet: Es sei »gediegen Bildungsmäßiges« (440). Denkt man an das Bildungsmäßige, das Titel und Motto des Faustus-Romans aufrufen, an Goethes „Faust“ und „Dantes Divina Commedia“, und hält man sich an die »guten Bücher«, die das Lesepublikum dieses Romans aus seiner Vorkriegs-Bürgerlichkeit kennen kann, so ragen zwei Exemplare heraus. Zwei Prachtbände, großformatig die anspruchsvollsten Repräsentationsbedürfnisse befriedigend, zwei bedeutende Werke zu bedeutendem Anlaß neu ediert. Das eine, aus dem Jahr 1932, ist die »100-Jahrausgabe« von Goethes „Faust“, das andere, 1938, eine »Erinnerungsausgabe« von Dantes „Divina Commedia“. (…) Eine »nur aus neun Versen bestehende Anrede des Dichters an sein allegorisches Lied« (219): Es sind ebenso neun Verse von Dante, die Thomas Mann seinem Roman voranstellt. Leverkühns Dante-Vertonung vermittelt so das Motto mit dem Ende des Romans, und alles drei Stellen verbinden sich gegen die zeitgenössisch offiziellen Dante- und Goethe-Monumente zu einem eigenen literarischen Selbstbewußtsein. Es besteht aus der Resignation, ob der mühevolle Sinn verstanden werde, aus dem dagegen behaupteten Vertrauen in den dichterisch-ästhetischen Wert und der daraus gewagten Hoffnung. So erweist sich die »nobilitate«, die das Motto dem Roman zuspricht, als eine gegen das deutschnationale „Faust“- und Dante-Prestige mit eigenem, alternativem Dante- und Goethe-Bezug artikulierte Selbstbehauptung.
Das Gedicht 'Boas' erschien erstmals im Mai 1912 in der avantgardistischen Zeitschrift "Der Sturm", die Lasker-Schülers Ehemann Herwarth Walden herausgab. Gemeinsam mit den Gedichten 'Ruth' und 'Pharao und Joseph!' veröffentlichte die Autorin es 1913 erneut in der Zeitschrift Die Freistatt, wobei im vorletzten Vers statt „Ueber seine Korngärten“ die Variante „In seine Korngärten“ zu lesen war. Was auf der Oberfläche ein sentimentales Liebesgedicht (i.e. 'Boas') zu sein scheint, erweist sich bei einer näheren Betrachtung, die die biblische Rut-Novelle einbezieht und den biographischen Konnex sucht, als … mnemosynetisches Gedicht, die poetische Erinnerung an ein gescheitertes Projekt in der Literatur wie im Leben.