400 Sprache
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (591)
- Part of a Book (356)
- Preprint (115)
- Conference Proceeding (112)
- Book (67)
- Review (54)
- Report (52)
- Working Paper (45)
- Part of Periodical (32)
- Doctoral Thesis (29)
Language
- English (744)
- German (582)
- Croatian (84)
- Portuguese (19)
- French (15)
- Multiple languages (15)
- Turkish (14)
- mis (7)
- Spanish (2)
- Danish (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (1484) (remove)
Keywords
- Deutsch (88)
- Linguistik (62)
- Rezension (55)
- Spracherwerb (50)
- Syntax (42)
- Semantik (38)
- Sprachtest (35)
- Sprache (34)
- Sinotibetische Sprachen (32)
- Lexikologie (28)
- Phonetik (28)
- Informationsstruktur (26)
- Grammatik (24)
- Fremdsprachenunterricht (23)
- Übersetzung (23)
- Morphologie (21)
- Soziolinguistik (21)
- Deutsch als Fremdsprache (18)
- Namenkunde (17)
- Germanistik (16)
- Mosambik (16)
- Mozambique (16)
- Moçambique (16)
- Englisch (15)
- Kommunikation (15)
- Korpus <Linguistik> (15)
- Phraseologie (15)
- Schweizerdeutsch (15)
- Tibetobirmanische Sprachen (15)
- Wortbildung (15)
- Experiment (14)
- Nominalisierung (14)
- Sprachliches Experiment (14)
- Übersetzungswissenschaft (14)
- Kongress (13)
- Kroatisch (13)
- Phonologie (13)
- Slawische Sprachen (13)
- focus (13)
- Diskursanalyse (12)
- Fremdsprachenlernen (12)
- German (12)
- Mehrsprachigkeit (12)
- Dialektologie (11)
- Dialog (11)
- Indogermanische Sprachen (11)
- Sprachkontakt (11)
- Sprachwandel (11)
- Griechisch (10)
- Kommunikationsanalyse (10)
- Pragmatik (10)
- Russland (10)
- Verb (10)
- Aussprache (9)
- Computerlinguistik (9)
- Didaktik (9)
- Fachsprache (9)
- Fremdsprache (9)
- Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammar (9)
- Nungisch (9)
- Relativsatz (9)
- Semiotik (9)
- Sprachtypologie (9)
- Suffix (9)
- grammar (9)
- Chinesisch (8)
- Kompositum (8)
- Kontrastive Linguistik (8)
- Literatur (8)
- Morphologie <Linguistik> (8)
- Rechtschreibung (8)
- Sprachstatistik (8)
- Syntaktische Analyse (8)
- Adjektiv (7)
- Alphabet (7)
- Baltoslawische Sprachen (7)
- Interkulturalität (7)
- Japanisch (7)
- Kajkavisch (7)
- Kollokation (7)
- Präposition (7)
- Wortschatz (7)
- Wortstellung (7)
- alphabet (7)
- information structure (7)
- prosody (7)
- Ableitung <Linguistik> (6)
- Familienname (6)
- Interkulturelles Verstehen (6)
- Lesenlernen (6)
- Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (6)
- Mundart (6)
- Prosodie (6)
- Schwedisch (6)
- Sprachkritik (6)
- Textsorte (6)
- Türkisch (6)
- learning to read (6)
- orthography (6)
- pronunciation (6)
- syntax (6)
- Anglizismus (5)
- Arabisch (5)
- Deutsch als Zweitsprache (5)
- Deutschunterricht (5)
- EKoti (5)
- Gesprochene Sprache (5)
- Grammatiktheorie (5)
- Internetsprache (5)
- Japanese (5)
- Konferenz (5)
- Koti (5)
- Language (5)
- Litauisch (5)
- Mittelalter (5)
- Multilingualism (5)
- Niederländisch (5)
- Optimalitätstheorie (5)
- Portugiesisch (5)
- Qiang-Sprache (5)
- Range Concatenation Grammar (5)
- Retroflex (5)
- Satzanalyse (5)
- Spanisch (5)
- Uralische Sprachen (5)
- Zischlaut (5)
- Adverb (4)
- Analyse (4)
- Argumentation (4)
- Argumentationstheorie (4)
- Aspekt <Linguistik> (4)
- Baltische Sprachen (4)
- Bulgarisch (4)
- Cakavisch (4)
- Chatten <Kommunikation> (4)
- Dialekt (4)
- Fehler (4)
- Flexion (4)
- Formale Semantik (4)
- Französisch (4)
- Frühneuhochdeutsch (4)
- Gefühl (4)
- German as a foreign language (4)
- Geschlechterforschung (4)
- Internet (4)
- Intonation <Linguistik> (4)
- Inuktitut (4)
- Jugendsprache (4)
- Klitisierung (4)
- Kognitionswissenschaft (4)
- Lehnwort (4)
- Lehnübersetzung (4)
- Lexikografie (4)
- Linguistic Landscape (4)
- Medien (4)
- Medizin (4)
- Morphosyntax (4)
- Nominalkompositum (4)
- Phraseologismus (4)
- Polen (4)
- Polnisch (4)
- Rechtssprache (4)
- Rhetorik (4)
- Russisch (4)
- Slowakei (4)
- Slowakisch (4)
- Sprachphilosophie (4)
- Sprachpurismus (4)
- Sprachtheorie (4)
- Sprachunterricht (4)
- Sprechakttheorie (4)
- Textanalyse (4)
- Topikalisierung (4)
- Transkription (4)
- Tschechisch (4)
- Universalgrammatik (4)
- Verbalnomen (4)
- Zweisprachigkeit (4)
- alternative semantics (4)
- givenness (4)
- lexical semantics (4)
- relative clauses (4)
- scalar implicature (4)
- topic (4)
- Affrikata (3)
- Belhare (3)
- Chewa (3)
- Chewa-Sprache (3)
- Chichewa (3)
- Didactics (3)
- Digitalisierung (3)
- Diskurs (3)
- Drung (3)
- Erwachsenenbildung (3)
- Etymologie (3)
- Generative Transformationsgrammatik (3)
- Hilfsverb (3)
- Historische Semantik (3)
- Isländisch (3)
- Kiezdeutsch (3)
- Kommunikationsforschung (3)
- Kompetenz (3)
- Konstruktionsgrammatik (3)
- Korpusanalyse (3)
- Kultur (3)
- Kulturkontakt (3)
- Lexikographie (3)
- Luxemburgisch (3)
- Mediensprache (3)
- Methodologie (3)
- Migration (3)
- Mündlichkeit (3)
- Neue Medien (3)
- Nominalphrase (3)
- Nyanja (3)
- Nyanja-Sprache (3)
- Ortsname (3)
- Parenthese (3)
- Partikelverb (3)
- Partizip (3)
- Passiv (3)
- Perfekt (3)
- Personenname (3)
- Phonology (3)
- Politische Kommunikation (3)
- Polysemie (3)
- Possessivität (3)
- Produktivität <Linguistik> (3)
- Pronomen (3)
- Proto-Indo-European (3)
- Präpositionale Wortverbindung (3)
- Rechtsradikalismus (3)
- Rumänisch (3)
- Semantics (3)
- Semasiologie (3)
- Software (3)
- Sprachgebrauch (3)
- Sprachpflege (3)
- Sprachstil (3)
- Sprachvergleich (3)
- Standardsprache (3)
- Stereotyp (3)
- Stilistik (3)
- Tagalog (3)
- Tempus (3)
- Textlinguistik (3)
- Thema-Rhema-Gliederung (3)
- Transfer (3)
- Translation (3)
- Tree Adjoining Grammar (3)
- Ungarisch (3)
- Unterrichtsmethode (3)
- Valenz <Linguistik> (3)
- Werbesprache (3)
- Wortverbindung (3)
- Wörterbuch (3)
- adverbial quantification (3)
- conjunction (3)
- contrastive focus (3)
- counterfactuals (3)
- focus movement (3)
- intonation (3)
- language change (3)
- multilingualism (3)
- negation (3)
- pragmatics (3)
- presuppositions (3)
- reconstruction (3)
- sociolinguistics (3)
- tense (3)
- translation (3)
- Äquivalenz (3)
- Übersetzen (3)
- Abduktion <Logik> (2)
- Adjective (2)
- Akteur (2)
- Aktionsart (2)
- Alemannisch (2)
- Altkirchenslawisch (2)
- Amerikanisches Englisch (2)
- Anglicism (2)
- Antonym (2)
- Argumentstruktur (2)
- Aufsatzsammlung (2)
- Ausländer (2)
- Aymara (2)
- Bedrohte Sprache (2)
- Belharisch (2)
- Chuwabu (2)
- Chwabo (2)
- Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (2)
- Computerunterstützte Kommunikation (2)
- Construction grammar (2)
- Corpus analysis (2)
- Datenbank (2)
- Denominativ (2)
- Deskriptivität (2)
- Determinativ (2)
- Deutsches Sprachgebiet (2)
- Deutschlehrer (2)
- Discourse (2)
- Dänisch (2)
- Echuwabo (2)
- Echuwabu (2)
- Elektronisches Forum (2)
- English (2)
- Equivalence (2)
- Erzählen (2)
- Eskimo (2)
- Ethnische Identität (2)
- Familiennamenatlas (2)
- Feldforschung (2)
- Flüchtling (2)
- Focus (2)
- Frage (2)
- Fremdenfeindlichkeit (2)
- Fremdsprachen (2)
- Gebärdensprache (2)
- Generative Grammatik (2)
- Geschlecht (2)
- Gespräch (2)
- Gewalt (2)
- Globalisierung (2)
- Globalization (2)
- Grammaires d’Arbres Adjoints (2)
- Grammatikalität (2)
- Greek (2)
- Handlungstheorie (2)
- Herausstellung (2)
- Hethitisch (2)
- Historische Syntax (2)
- Hypertext (2)
- Identität (2)
- Illokutiver Akt (2)
- Imeetto (2)
- Indogermanisch (2)
- Infinitiv (2)
- Interaktion (2)
- Interferenz <Linguistik> (2)
- Internetphänomen (2)
- Intertextualität (2)
- Irisch (2)
- Italienisch (2)
- Kasus (2)
- Kasussynkretismus (2)
- Kausalsatz (2)
- Kausativ (2)
- Keltische Sprachen (2)
- Kiranti (2)
- Klassifikation (2)
- Konjugation (2)
- Konjunktion (2)
- Konsekutivsatz (2)
- Konsonant (2)
- Konversationsanalyse (2)
- Konversion <Linguistik> (2)
- Korean (2)
- Koreanisch (2)
- Kulturelle Identität (2)
- Kulturvermittlung (2)
- Lautstilistik (2)
- Lautsymbolik (2)
- Lehrbuch (2)
- Lehrerbildung (2)
- Lexem (2)
- Lexikon (2)
- Liebesbrief (2)
- Linguizismus (2)
- Literatursprache (2)
- Literaturwissenschaft (2)
- Loan translation (2)
- Lokalbezeichnung (2)
- MCTAG (2)
- Makhuwa-Meetto (2)
- Manipulation (2)
- Maschinelle Übersetzung (2)
- Mehrworteinheit (2)
- Mittelenglisch (2)
- Mittelhochdeutsch (2)
- Mobile Telekommunikation (2)
- Modalverb (2)
- Music (2)
- Musik (2)
- Name (2)
- Nichtverbale Kommunikation (2)
- Norwegisch (2)
- Numerale (2)
- Online-Medien (2)
- Palatalisierung (2)
- Philippinen-Austronesisch (2)
- Philologie (2)
- Phrasenkompositum (2)
- Phraseology (2)
- Politische Sprache (2)
- Preposition-noun combinations (2)
- Preußisch (2)
- Projektunterricht (2)
- Psycholinguistik (2)
- Quantor (2)
- Sachtext (2)
- Schriftliche Kommunikation (2)
- Schriftlichkeit (2)
- Schriftsprache (2)
- Schweiz (2)
- Serbisch (2)
- Slang (2)
- Speech (2)
- Sprachbewertung (2)
- Sprachkultur (2)
- Sprachliche Universalien (2)
- Sprachnorm (2)
- Sprachpolitik (2)
- Sprachschönheit (2)
- Sprachstörung (2)
- Sprachtod (2)
- Sprachvariante (2)
- Sprachwissenschaft (2)
- Sprachästhetik (2)
- Sprechakt (2)
- Sprechen (2)
- Sprechstörung (2)
- Text (2)
- Textkohärenz (2)
- Textverstehen (2)
- Thai (2)
- Theorie (2)
- Tibetobirmanische Sprachen ; Sinotibetische Sprachen (2)
- Translationsdidaktik (2)
- Translationswissenschaft (2)
- Tree Adoining Grammar (2)
- Tree Description Grammar (2)
- Tschechische Republik (2)
- Türkei (2)
- Ungarn (2)
- Universität (2)
- Variation (2)
- Variationslinguistik (2)
- Verbalisierung (2)
- Verben (2)
- Verständlichkeit (2)
- Video (2)
- Vietnamese (2)
- Wandel (2)
- Weblog (2)
- Weltkrieg <1914-1918> (2)
- Werbung (2)
- Wissenschaftskommunikation (2)
- World Wide Web (2)
- Zadar (2)
- Zeichen (2)
- age of onset (2)
- aspect (2)
- bilingualism (2)
- case (2)
- classification (2)
- cleft constructions (2)
- comparatives (2)
- contrast (2)
- corpus linguistics (2)
- cyclicity (2)
- definite descriptions (2)
- deutsch (2)
- discourse (2)
- discourse particles (2)
- discourse structure (2)
- domain restriction (2)
- double access (2)
- embedded implicature (2)
- entailment (2)
- focus ambiguity (2)
- focus intonation (2)
- focus types (2)
- grammaires à concaténation d’intervalles (2)
- identity (2)
- intercultural communication (2)
- interculturality (2)
- kinds (2)
- language (2)
- language acquisition (2)
- lexical tone (2)
- linguistics (2)
- maximize presupposition (2)
- morphological focus marking (2)
- narrative structure (2)
- onomastics (2)
- phonology (2)
- phraseologism (2)
- pitch accent (2)
- presupposition (2)
- presupposition projection (2)
- processing (2)
- pronoun (2)
- quantification (2)
- quantifiers (2)
- relative clause (2)
- resumptive pronouns (2)
- scope of focus (2)
- scrambling (2)
- second occurrence focus (2)
- semantics (2)
- speech (2)
- speech acts (2)
- speech and language disorder (2)
- speech tagging (2)
- subjectivity (2)
- telicity (2)
- text linguistics (2)
- topicalization (2)
- translation between legal systems (2)
- translator (2)
- type composition logic (2)
- underspecification (2)
- uniqueness (2)
- wh-question (2)
- word formation (2)
- Österreich (2)
- Übersetzer (2)
- "Rabbit" tetralogy (1)
- (Digital) language criticism (1)
- (Morpho)syntactic focus strategy (1)
- (implicit) prosody (1)
- (non-)gradable predicate (1)
- (un)conditionals (1)
- -tari (1)
- -toka (1)
- 360-814 (1)
- A Touch of Frost (1)
- Abar- movement (1)
- Abduktive Wende (1)
- Ablehnung (1)
- Abweisung (1)
- Acoustics (1)
- Acquisition (1)
- Actor (1)
- Actor-Network-Theory (1)
- Adverbiale (1)
- Advertisement (1)
- Advertising (1)
- Affektregime (1)
- Affigierung (1)
- Affix (1)
- Afrikaans (1)
- Afro-Asiatic (1)
- Agreement attraction (1)
- Akkusativ (1)
- Aktarım (1)
- Akzent (1)
- Albanisch (1)
- Algorithmus (1)
- Altaisch (1)
- Altenglisch (1)
- Alternative Questions (1)
- Alternativfragen (1)
- Altertum (1)
- Althochdeutsch (1)
- Altkroatisch (1)
- Alttschechisch (1)
- Alveolar (1)
- Alzheimer (1)
- Analyse syntaxique déductive (1)
- Analytical tool (1)
- Anatolische Sprachen (1)
- Andrić, Ivo (1)
- Anführungszeichen (1)
- Anglo-American proverbs (1)
- Anglo-amerikanisches Sprichwort (1)
- Anlaut (1)
- Annotation (1)
- Anonymität (1)
- Antezedenz <Linguistik> (1)
- Anthropologie (1)
- Anthroponymy (1)
- Anthrozoologie (1)
- Anwendungssystem (1)
- Aramäisch (1)
- Arbeitskreis Linguistische Pragmatik (1)
- Arbeitsloser (1)
- Arbeitstagung (1)
- Architekturen (1)
- Argumentative development of topics (1)
- Argumentative theory of reasoning (1)
- Armenian (1)
- Artikel (1)
- Artikulation (1)
- Artikulatorische Phonetik (1)
- Arzt/Patient-Interaktion (1)
- Aspects of use (1)
- Aspekt (1)
- Asses (1)
- Asterisk (1)
- Audio and video record (1)
- Audiovisuelles Unterrichtsmittel (1)
- Aufforderungssatz (1)
- Aufkleber (1)
- Aufklärungsgespräch (1)
- Ausgrenzung (1)
- Aushandlung (1)
- Auslaut (1)
- Aussprache-Datenbank (1)
- Austin, John L. (1)
- Austronesian (1)
- Automatentheorie (1)
- Automatische Sprachanalyse (1)
- Automatische Spracherkennung (1)
- BIOfid (1)
- Bachtin, Vladimir S. (1)
- Bakhtin Circle (1)
- Banat (1)
- Bankrott (1)
- Bantu (1)
- Bartol Kašić (1)
- Bedeutung (1)
- Begriff (1)
- Beiläufiges Schreiben (1)
- Benutzernamen (1)
- Benutzeroberfläche (1)
- Bericht (1)
- Berichte aus der dunklen Welt (1)
- Berichterstattung (1)
- Berman, Antoine (1)
- Berndeutsch (1)
- Beruf (1)
- Bewegtbildwissenschaft (1)
- Bewegungsverb (1)
- Bewerbungsschreiben (1)
- Bibel (1)
- Bibel. Altes Testament (Masoretischer Text) (1)
- Bibel. Altes Testament (Septuaginta) (1)
- Bibliografie (1)
- BigBlueButton (1)
- Bild (Zeitung) (1)
- Bildergeschichte (1)
- Bildersprache (1)
- Bildtheorie (1)
- Bildung (1)
- Bildungsreform (1)
- Bildungsstandard (1)
- Bilingualism (1)
- Binary preposition (1)
- Binding (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Bologna process (1)
- Bologna-Prozess (1)
- Bosnien (1)
- Brevier (1)
- Brief (1)
- Broad focus (1)
- Brunschwig, Hieronymus (1)
- Bukovina (1)
- Bukowinaer Post (1)
- Bundestagswahl (1)
- CALL (1)
- CD-ROM (1)
- Call Center (1)
- Calque (1)
- Cantonese (1)
- Chatbot (1)
- Chatraum (1)
- Chatten (1)
- Chinese (1)
- Chomsky (1)
- Chomsky, Noam (1)
- Christentum (1)
- Christianus C. (1)
- Cimbrian (1)
- Cisena (1)
- Clitic Doubling (1)
- Clitic-Doubling (1)
- Closing (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Cognitive archeology (1)
- Cognitive evolution (1)
- Collocation (1)
- Collocational didactics (1)
- Collocations (1)
- Comic (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Computational modeling (1)
- Computergestützte Textanalyse (1)
- Computerunterstützte Übersetzung (1)
- Conceptions of teaching foreign languages (1)
- Conflict (1)
- Consecutio temporum (1)
- Construction Grammar (1)
- Contemporary Latin (1)
- Contrastive analysis (1)
- Contrastive linguistics (1)
- Converse pairs of idioms (1)
- Coreference annotation (1)
- Corpora (1)
- Corpus (1)
- Corpus material (1)
- Corpus-empirical analysis (1)
- Croatian (1)
- Cryptic Subtexts (1)
- Cultural Specifics (1)
- Cultural Studies (1)
- Cultural politics (1)
- Culture (1)
- Curriculum (1)
- Curriculumreform (1)
- Czech (1)
- Czech-German comparison (1)
- Czernowitz Language Conference (1)
- Czernowitzer Tagblatt (1)
- Dalimilova kronika (1)
- Dalmatisch (1)
- Daqan (1)
- Das Deutsche Referenzkorpus (1)
- Datenbanksystem (1)
- Datenstruktur (1)
- Dağıtım (1)
- Deagentiv (1)
- Deagentive (1)
- Debatte (1)
- Deixis (1)
- Deklination (1)
- Della Bella, Ardelio (1)
- Der Dritte Weg (Körperschaft) (1)
- Description Tree Grammar (1)
- Designtheorie (1)
- Designwissenschaft, (1)
- Deskriptive Grammatik (1)
- Determinativkompositum (1)
- Deutsch als Zweitsprache im Beruf (1)
- Deutschland <Östliche Länder> (1)
- Diachronie (1)
- Dialect (1)
- Dialog Generation (1)
- Diathesis (1)
- Die Brücke über die Drina (1)
- Die Zeit (Zeitung, Hamburg) (1946-) (1)
- Digital Humanities (1)
- Digital transformation (1)
- Digitale Revolution (1)
- Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (1)
- Diglossie (1)
- Diminutiv (1)
- Diminutive (1)
- Ding (1)
- Discourse Analysis (1)
- Discourse analysis (1)
- Diskurspragmatik (1)
- Diskussionsbeitrag (1)
- Distribution (1)
- Distribution <Linguistik> (1)
- Djuro Ferić (1)
- Dokumentation (1)
- Dolmetschen (1)
- Dolmetscher (1)
- Dolmetscher <Motiv> (1)
- Dolmetscherin (1)
- Downstep (1)
- Drama (1)
- Duolingo (1)
- Dutch (1)
- E-Learning (1)
- EU (1)
- Eastern Armenian (1)
- Edith Wharton (1)
- Education (1)
- Edward (1)
- Ehe <Motiv> (1)
- Eichstätt <1988> (1)
- Eigennamen (1)
- Einfluss (1)
- Einstein, Albert (1)
- Ekavisch (1)
- Elite (1)
- Ellipse <Linguistik> (1)
- Ellipsis (1)
- Elomwe (1)
- Email (1)
- Emotional linguistic resources (1)
- Emotionality (1)
- Emotionalization of text (1)
- Emotions (1)
- Enatthembo (1)
- Entlehnung (1)
- Entstehung (1)
- Environmental education (1)
- Epistemic Containment Principle (ECP) (1)
- Erfurt (1)
- Erfurt history bible (1)
- Erfurter Historienbibel (1)
- Erkenntnistheorie (1)
- Erzählperspektive (1)
- Erzähltechnik (1)
- Esperanto (1)
- Essay (1)
- Essayismus (1)
- Estnisch (1)
- Estonian (1)
- Etherpad (1)
- Ethnolekt (1)
- Ethnolinguistik (1)
- Etikett <Linguistik> (1)
- Euphemismus (1)
- European Portuguese (1)
- Europäische Union (1)
- Eurysemy (1)
- Evaluating Words (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Evangelical Church A. C. in Romania (1)
- Everyday language (1)
- Evolution of Language (1)
- Evolutionstheorie (1)
- Expert language (1)
- Experte (1)
- Explizit performative Äußerungen (1)
- External and internal variability (1)
- Exzerpt (1)
- Eye movements (1)
- F-marking (1)
- Face-to-Face-Interaktion (1)
- Facework (1)
- Fachinformationsdienst (1)
- Fachliteratur (1)
- Fachverband Deutsch als Fremdsprache. Jahrestagung (46. : 2019 : Chemnitz) (1)
- Fang-Kuei (1)
- Farbe (1)
- Feedback (1)
- Fehlererkennung (1)
- Fehlertoleranz (1)
- Feldbuch der Wundarznei (1)
- Feminismus (1)
- Feministin (1)
- Feministische Linguistik (1)
- Feministische Literaturwissenschaft (1)
- Fernsehsendung (1)
- Fersental (1)
- Fictional dialogue (1)
- Figures of speech (1)
- Filmgestalt (1)
- Filmkritik (1)
- Finitheit (1)
- Finnisch (1)
- Fixed expression (1)
- Fluch (1)
- Flüchtlingsdebatte (1)
- Focus ambiguity (1)
- Focus marker (1)
- Fokus (1)
- Fokussierung (1)
- Foodo (1)
- Foreign language (1)
- Foreign language didactics (1)
- Foreign language education (1)
- Foreign language learning (1)
- Foreign language teaching (1)
- Formale Sprache (1)
- Formalismes syntaxiques (1)
- Forschungswerkzeuge (1)
- Fragesätze (1)
- Fragezeichen (1)
- Frankfurt <Main, 2003> (1)
- Frankreich (1)
- Französische Revolution (1)
- Frauenzeitschrift (1)
- Fremdheit (1)
- Fremdsprachenkenntnis (1)
- Fremdsprachenkompetenz (1)
- Fremdsprachenpolitik (1)
- Fremdwort (1)
- Frost at Christmas (1)
- Frühneuenglisch (1)
- Fugenelement (1)
- Funktion (1)
- Futur (1)
- G-marking (1)
- Galician (1)
- Galicisch (1)
- Gattungstheorie (1)
- Gehörlosenpädagogik (1)
- Gehörloser (1)
- Geisteswissenschaften (1)
- Gemeinde (1)
- Gemination (1)
- Gender (1)
- Gender acquisition (1)
- Gender processing (1)
- Gender transparency (1)
- Genitiv (1)
- Genre (1)
- Genus (1)
- Genus verbi (1)
- Gerdorff, Hans von (1)
- German as a second language (1)
- German language (1)
- German-Czech translation (1)
- German-Italian bilinguals (1)
- Germanic languages (1)
- Germanism (1)
- Germanismus (1)
- Germanistikstudium (1)
- Germanistische Linguistik (1)
- Geschehensverb (1)
- Geschichte 1400-1600 (1)
- Geschichte 1500-1700 (1)
- Geschichte 1800-2000 (1)
- Geschichte 1890-1930 (1)
- Geschichte 400-600 (1)
- Geschichtsschreibung (1)
- Geschlechtergerechte Sprache (1)
- Geschlechtsunterschied (1)
- Geschmack (1)
- Gesellschaft für Semantik (1)
- Geste (1)
- Ghetto Slang (1)
- Glagoliza (1)
- Gleichheitszeichen (1)
- Glottalisierung (1)
- Glottisverschlusslaut (1)
- Gothic (1)
- Gotisch (1)
- Gradpartikel (1)
- Grammaires d’arbres adjoints à composantes multiples (1)
- Grammatical doubts (1)
- Grammatical gaps (1)
- Grammatical gender (1)
- Grammatikalisation (1)
- Grammatische Kompetenz (1)
- Graphem-Phonem-Korrespondenz (1)
- Greek child speech (1)
- Greek child-directed speech (1)
- Greek language acquisition (1)
- Greiffenberg (Schlesien) (1)
- Grimm‘s Fairy Tales (1)
- Grobstrukturanalyse (1)
- Großbritannien (1)
- Grundschullehrkräfte (1)
- Gundulić, Ivan (1)
- Gur (1)
- Gälisch-Schottisch (1)
- Gündisch, Karin: Geschichten über Astrid (1)
- HPSG (1)
- HTP (1)
- Habdeli´c (1)
- Halbī (1)
- Handedness (1)
- Handlungsorientierung (1)
- Hansel and Gretel (1)
- Hausa (1)
- Hebräisch (1)
- Heidentum (1)
- Heiligenname (1)
- Henry James (1)
- Herrschaft (1)
- Heterogenität (1)
- Hieroglyphenschrift (1)
- Hindi (1)
- Hirnfunktion (1)
- Historienbibel (1)
- Historische Sprachwissenschaft (1)
- Hobongan (1)
- Hochschulreform (1)
- Hochschulunterricht (1)
- Hofstede (1)
- Homonymie (1)
- Human-Animal Studies (1)
- Hybrides Lernkonzept (1)
- Hypotaxe (1)
- Höflichkeit (1)
- Höflichkeit, Sprachstil (1)
- Hörverstehen (1)
- IRC-Chat (1)
- Ideologie (1)
- Idiom (1)
- Ikavisch (1)
- Ikon (1)
- Illokution (1)
- Illokutionäres Verb (1)
- Ilmenau <2000> (1)
- Immaterielles Kulturerbe (1)
- Immatrikulationsregister (1)
- Immunisierung (1)
- Indien (1)
- Indoeuropäische Sprachen (1)
- Indogermanische Völker (1)
- Industrialisierung (1)
- Industrielle Revolution (1)
- Infinitkonstruktion (1)
- Infix (1)
- Influence of German (1)
- Information structure (1)
- Informationstechnik (1)
- Informationsvermittlung (1)
- Insolvenz (1)
- Integration (1)
- Intensionale Logik (1)
- Intensity (1)
- Inter-annotator agreement (1)
- Interaktivität (1)
- Intercultural communication (1)
- Intercultural competence (1)
- Interdisziplinäre Forschung (1)
- Interference (1)
- Interkulturelle Erziehung (1)
- Internationale Tagung zur Phraseologie und Parömiologie (2. : 2019 : Breslau) (1)
- Internationalisierung (1)
- Internationalism (1)
- Internationalization (1)
- Internet Relay Chat (IRC) (1)
- Internet commentary (1)
- Internet communication (1)
- Internet language (1)
- Internet slang (1)
- Internet-Kommentar (1)
- Interoperabilität (1)
- Interpictoriality (1)
- Interpikturalität (1)
- Interpreting (1)
- Intertextuality (1)
- Intervention Effects (1)
- Interventionseffekte (1)
- Intonation (1)
- Intransitives Verb (1)
- Inuit-Sprache (1)
- Ionisch-Attisch (1)
- Ireland (1)
- Irregularität (1)
- Istrisch (1)
- Jagi´c (1)
- Jahrestagung (1)
- Jakutisch (1)
- Jean / Siebenkäs (1)
- Jelinek, Elfriede (1)
- Jewish emigration from Middle/Middle East Europe (1)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1)
- Johannes <Evangelist> (1)
- John Updike (1)
- Journalistische Textproduktion (1)
- Judenvernichtung (1)
- Jugend (1)
- Jugendzeitschrift (1)
- Jugoslawienkriege (1)
- Juraj (1)
- Juxtaposition (1)
- Kaaps (1)
- Kaingáng (1)
- Kant, Immanuel (1)
- Kantonesisch (1)
- Karahasan, Dževad (1)
- Kassel / Documenta (1)
- Katalanisch (1)
- Kaukasische Sprachen (1)
- Khoisan (1)
- Kind (1)
- Kind <5-8 Jahre> (1)
- Kinderliteratur (1)
- Kirchenbuch (1)
- Klemperer, Victor (1)
- Koartikulation (1)
- Kognitive Linguistik (1)
- Kognitive Psychologie (1)
- Kohärenz (1)
- Kohärenz <Sprache> (1)
- Kohäsion (1)
- Kollektives Gedächtnis (1)
- Kollektivum (1)
- Kommunales Namensregister (1)
- Kommunikationssystem (1)
- Kommunikative Kompetenz (1)
- Komorner Germanistentag (1)
- Kompetenzmodell (1)
- Kompetenztheorie (1)
- Komplexer Satz (1)
- Komponentenanalyse <Linguistik> (1)
- Konflikt (1)
- Konkomba (1)
- Konsekutivdolmetschen (1)
- Konstruktion <Linguistik> (1)
- Kontamination <Wortbildung> (1)
- Kontrast (1)
- Kontrastanalyse (1)
- Kontrastive Analyse (1)
- Kontrastive Grammatik (1)
- Kontrastive Morphologie (1)
- Kontrastive Phonetik (1)
- Kontrastive Phraseologie (1)
- Kontrastive Syntax (1)
- Kontroverse (1)
- Konzeption (1)
- Konzeptionen für den Fremdsprachenunterricht (1)
- Konzessivsatz (1)
- Kopula (1)
- Korpus (1)
- Korpusannotation (1)
- Kreatives Schreiben (1)
- Krieg (1)
- Kujawien (1)
- Kulturpolitik (1)
- Kulturstandard (1)
- Kulturwissenschaften (1)
- Kunstsprache (1)
- Kunstwerk (1)
- Kutenai (1)
- Kwa-Sprachen (1)
- Küreselleştirme (1)
- L1-timing of acquisition (1)
- L2 speech (1)
- LTAG (1)
- Laie (1)
- Language acquisition (1)
- Language change (1)
- Language contact (1)
- Language decay (1)
- Language enrichment (1)
- Language ideology (1)
- Languages for specific purpose (1)
- Large Language Models (1)
- Laryngal (1)
- Latein (1)
- Lateinisch (1)
- Lateinische Sprache (1)
- Lateinisches Sprichwort (1)
- Latin language (1)
- Latin proverb (1)
- Latium / Mundart (1)
- Lautverschiebung (1)
- Lautwandel (1)
- Lebendiges Latein (1)
- Lecture (1)
- Legal concepts (1)
- Lehrer (1)
- Lehrerin (1)
- Lehrmittelanalyse (1)
- Lehrplan (1)
- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1)
- Lemma (1)
- Lernerwörterbuch (1)
- Lerntheorie (1)
- Lesekompetenz (1)
- Lesen (1)
- Lexeme Migration (1)
- Lexeme migration (1)
- Lexical Resource Semantics (1)
- Lexical Ressource Semantics (1)
- Lexical borrowing (1)
- Lexical meaning (1)
- Lexical semantics (1)
- Lexikalisch funktionale Grammatik (1)
- Lexikography (1)
- Li (1)
- LiSe-DaZ (1)
- Lied (1)
- Linguicism (1)
- Linguistic morphology (1)
- Linguistics for business (L4B) (1)
- Linguistisches Treffen (2017 : Breslau) (1)
- Linguizism (1)
- Linguogenetik (1)
- Linguosomatische Sprachdidaktik (1)
- Linked Data (1)
- Liquidität (1)
- Literacy (1)
- Literal interpretation (1)
- Literarische Übersetzung (1)
- Literarischer Dialog (1)
- Literary pragmatics (1)
- Literatur und Wissen (1)
- Localization (1)
- Logik (1)
- Logistik (1)
- Lokalisationssystem (1)
- Lomwe (1)
- Lomwe-Sprache (1)
- London <1990> (1)
- Lower Silesia (1)
- Ländername (1)
- M-Learning (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Magdeburger Stadtrecht (1)
- Makrostruktur (1)
- Management (1)
- Mandarin (1)
- Mandarin Chinese (1)
- Marendje (1)
- Marenje (1)
- Mareti´c (1)
- Marko Marulić (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Massenmedien (1)
- Massenvernichtungswaffe (1)
- Matrikel (1)
- Mauthner, Fritz (1)
- MaxElide (1)
- Means of Argumentation (1)
- Medial Discourse (1)
- Mediality (1)
- Mediator (1)
- Mediator <Beruf> (1)
- Mediatorin (1)
- Mediaș (1)
- Mediendiskurs (1)
- Medienintegration (1)
- Medienlinguistik (1)
- Medienphilosophie (1)
- Mediensprache, Fernsehen (1)
- Medieval legal terms (1)
- Medieval religious literature (1)
- Medium (1)
- Medizinische Fachsprache (1)
- Meissen law book (1)
- Meißner Rechtsbuch (1)
- Meme (1)
- Memoiren (1)
- Mentalism (1)
- Metamorphosen (1)
- Metatonie (1)
- Mexiko (1)
- Minority Languages (1)
- Minuszeichen (1)
- Misconception (1)
- Missverständnis (1)
- Mitteleuropa (1)
- Mittelniederländisch (1)
- Mobile Medien (1)
- Model of Toulmin (1)
- Modularität (1)
- Mohawk (1)
- Mona Lisa (1)
- Mongolisch (1)
- Monstrosität (1)
- Moodle (1)
- Morphem (1)
- Morphonologie (1)
- Moslavina (1)
- Motion <Linguistik> (1)
- Multi-ethnolect (1)
- Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars (1)
- Multifunktionalität (1)
- Multiple Implied Readers (1)
- Multiple Spell-Out (1)
- Mundart Afrikaans <Kapstadt, Region> (1)
- Mundart Westfälisch <Ruhrgebiet> (1)
- Municipal name register (1)
- Music perception (1)
- Musikwahrnehmung (1)
- Muttersprache (1)
- Mythologie (1)
- Mähren (1)
- Männerzeitschrift (1)
- Märchen (1)
- Mögliche-Welten-Semantik (1)
- Mündliche Kommunikation (1)
- N-after-N construction (1)
- NP-deletion (1)
- Na Drini ćuprija (1)
- Nachruf (1)
- Nachschlagewerk (1)
- Named entity recognition (1)
- Narratology (1)
- Nationalsozialist (1)
- Nativismus, Linguistik (1)
- Natürlichsprachiges System (1)
- Nebensatz (1)
- Negation (1)
- Negative Polarity Items (1)
- Negativpolaritätselemente (1)
- Neo-Nazi (1)
- Neologismus (1)
- Netspeak (1)
- Neugriechisch (1)
- Neurolinguistik (1)
- Neuübersetzung (1)
- Ngoni (1)
- Ngoni-Sprache (1)
- Niche construction (1)
- Nicknamen (1)
- Niederschlesien (Provinzialverband) (1)
- Niger Delta (1)
- Niwchisch (1)
- Noam (1)
- Nomen (1)
- Nomen actionis (1)
- Nominaldeverbativum (1)
- Nordeuropa (1)
- Notiz (1)
- Notizentechnik (1)
- Noun phrases (1)
- Nullmorphem (1)
- Objekt (1)
- Objektivierung (1)
- Obstruent (1)
- Official Language (1)
- Old Czech (1)
- Olmütz (1)
- Olomouc (1)
- Online discussion forum (1)
- Online media (1)
- Online-Publikation (1)
- Onomastik (1)
- Onymische Suffixe (1)
- Open Access (1)
- Opening (1)
- Ortsnamen (1)
- Ortsnamenkunde (1)
- Orwell, George (1)
- Othering (1)
- Overabundance (1)
- Palatal (1)
- Palatographie (1)
- Paradigma (1)
- Parameter, Linguistik (1)
- Paraphrase (1)
- Parole <Linguistik> (1)
- Passionsdarstellung (1)
- Passive (1)
- Pedagogy (1)
- Pedersen, Holger (1)
- Peirce, Charles S. (1)
- Performance/competence (1)
- Performative Verbs (1)
- Performatives Verb (1)
- Performativität (1)
- Performativitätsproblem (1)
- Personennamenkunde (1)
- Perspektivierung (1)
- Philosophie (1)
- Phonem (1)
- Phonemes (1)
- Phonetic competence (1)
- Phonologische Opposition (1)
- Phonotaktik (1)
- Phonästhem (1)
- Phraseologism (1)
- Phraseologisms (1)
- Pitch Reset (1)
- Pitch perception (1)
- Plusquamperfekt (1)
- Pluszeichen (1)
- Poetik (1)
- Poetizität (1)
- Polabisch (1)
- Polemik (1)
- Polish language (1)
- Political Correctness (1)
- Political-medial discourse (1)
- Politik (1)
- Politische Rede (1)
- Politische Talkshow (1)
- Poly(equivalence) (1)
- Polyfonie <Literatur> (1)
- Polyfunctionality (1)
- Polysem (1)
- Polysemy (1)
- Portugiesisch / Brasilien (1)
- Portuguese (1)
- Post (1)
- Postcolonial and Minority Literature (1)
- Potsdam <2002> (1)
- Potsdam <2004> (1)
- Pragmalinguistik (1)
- Pragmatic functions (1)
- Pragmatics (1)
- Predigt (1)
- Preposition-noun phrases (1)
- Presse (1)
- Privatheit (1)
- Progressionsanalyse (1)
- Project work (1)
- Proklise (1)
- Pronunciation (1)
- Proprialisierungsgrad (1)
- Proprialität (1)
- Proprialitätsmarkierung (1)
- Prosodic features (1)
- Prototyp <Linguistik> (1)
- Proverbial sayings (1)
- Prädikat (1)
- Präfix (1)
- Psiphänomen (1)
- Pym, Anthony (1)
- Pädagogik (1)
- Pädiatrie (1)
- Q-adverbs (1)
- Quantitative and qualitative linguistic analys (1)
- Quelle (1)
- Question Under Discussion (1)
- Question Under Discussion (QUD) (1)
- Ragusa (1)
- Rahmenlehrplan (1)
- Range Concatenation Grammars (1)
- Rap (1)
- Rational agency (1)
- Raumdarstellung (1)
- Raumwahrnehmung (1)
- Reading (1)
- Reanalyse (1)
- Reduplikation (1)
- Referenz <Linguistik> (1)
- Reflektivität (1)
- Reflexives Verb (1)
- Reflexivpronomen (1)
- Reformation (1)
- Reformismus (1)
- Refugee debate (1)
- Regionalzeitung (1)
- Register (1)
- Regular polysem (1)
- Reiß, Katharina (1)
- Relative clause (1)
- Relativkonstruktion (1)
- Relativpronomen (1)
- Reparatur (1)
- Reparaturinitiierung (1)
- Representation of violence (1)
- Republik Moldau (1)
- Revolution (1)
- Rezeption (1)
- Rhetorical immunization (1)
- Rhetorische Figur (1)
- Rhetorische Immunisierung (1)
- Right-wing extremism (1)
- Ripuarisch (1)
- Robustheit (1)
- Romanian (1)
- Romanische Sprachen (1)
- Rufname (1)
- Rule conflicts (1)
- Rundfunksprache (1)
- Rusinisch (1)
- Russennorwegisch (1)
- Russisch-orthodoxe Gemeinde (1)
- Rückmeldung (1)
- SDRT (1)
- SYNtax-based Reference Annotation (1)
- Sapir (1)
- Sapir-Whorf-Hypothese (1)
- Satzanlyse (1)
- Saxon-Magdeburg law (1)
- Schallaufzeichnung (1)
- Schimpfwort (1)
- Schlegel, Friedrich von (1)
- Schleiermacher, Friedrich (1)
- Schlesisch <Polnisch> (1)
- Schmidt, Helmut (1)
- Schreiben (1)
- Schreibkompetenz (1)
- Schrift (1)
- Schriftsteller (1)
- Schugnī (1)
- Scrambling (1)
- Searle, John R. (1)
- Selbstbeschädigung (1)
- Selbstdarstellung (1)
- Self-Instruct (1)
- Self-harm (1)
- Self-paced reading (1)
- Semantic portal (1)
- Semantic vaguenes (1)
- Semantica (1)
- Semantisierungstechnik (1)
- Semitische Sprachen (1)
- Sena (1)
- Sena-Sprache (1)
- Sentence processing (1)
- Sentence repetition task (1)
- Serbian (1)
- Serbo-Croatian (1)
- Sermon (1)
- Sibenik (1)
- Signifikanztest (1)
- Silber, Wolfgang (1)
- Simple Range Concatenation Grammar (1)
- Sinn und Bedeutung (1)
- Skandinavische Sprachen (1)
- Skills (1)
- Slavonic Languages (1)
- Slawistik (1)
- Slogan (1)
- Sloppiness (1)
- Slovakia (1)
- Slovakisch (1)
- Slovenian (1)
- Slowenisch (1)
- Smartphones (1)
- Social Media (1)
- Social linguistics (1)
- Softwarelokalisation (1)
- Solothurn (1)
- Song (1)
- Soziale Identität (1)
- Soziale Medien (1)
- Sozialwissenschaften (1)
- Soziokultureller Faktor (1)
- Soziolekt (1)
- Soziolinguistik, Sprachdidaktik, two-way immersion, Sprachpolitik One Teacher-One Language, New York, Frankfurt, bilinguale Unterrichtspraxis, mündliche Sprachproduktion, Translanguaging (1)
- Soziologie (1)
- Specialized information service (1)
- Specialized languages (1)
- Speech Acts (1)
- Spezifität (1)
- Spoken Language (1)
- Spoken language (1)
- Spoken varieties (1)
- Sprachbewusstsein (1)
- Sprachbiographie (1)
- Sprachdaten (1)
- Sprachdiagnostik (1)
- Sprachdidaktik (1)
- Spracheinfluss (1)
- Sprachentwicklung (1)
- Sprachentwicklungsstörungen (1)
- Sprachförderkompetenz (1)
- Sprachförderung (1)
- Sprachgemeinschaft (1)
- Sprachgeographie (1)
- Sprachidentität (1)
- Sprachkommunikation (1)
- Sprachkompetenz (1)
- Sprachkorpora (1)
- Sprachlernapplikation (1)
- Sprachliche Minderheiten (1)
- Sprachliches Merkmal (1)
- Sprachliches Stereotyp (1)
- Sprachlogik (1)
- Sprachsynthese (1)
- Sprachvariation (1)
- Sprachverarbeitung (1)
- Sprachverfall (1)
- Sprachvergessenheit (1)
- Sprachzeichen (1)
- Sprechakte (1)
- Sprecher / Rundfunk (1)
- Sprechfertigkeit (1)
- Spreech Akte (1)
- Sprichwort (1)
- Sprichwortforschung (1)
- Stadtmundart (1)
- Stadtname (1)
- Standard (1)
- Stanišić, Saša (1)
- Statistical dispersion (1)
- Stein von Rosette (1)
- Stereotype (1)
- Stereotypisierung (1)
- Stilistische Variation <Linguistik> (1)
- Stimmhaftigkeit (1)
- Stimmlosigkeit (1)
- Stochastik (1)
- Strauß, Botho (1)
- Student (1)
- Studienfach (1)
- Subjekt (1)
- Subjektive Krankheitstheorien (1)
- Subjektivität (1)
- Substantivierter Infinitiv (1)
- Suchmaschine (1)
- Svaz Germanist°u České Republiky (1)
- Syllables (1)
- Synonym (1)
- Syntactic complexity (1)
- Syntactic formalisms (1)
- Syntagmatic profiles (1)
- Systematic variation of idioms (1)
- Säumnis (1)
- Südafrika (1)
- Süddeutsche Zeitung (1)
- TUSNELDA (1)
- TUSNELDA-Standard (1)
- Tadschikisch (1)
- Tagging (1)
- Tarragona <2008> (1)
- Taxon (1)
- Taxonomie (1)
- Taylor Swift (1)
- Teacher (1)
- Teaching methods (1)
- Technical term (1)
- Teleological interpretation (1)
- Terminologie (1)
- Terminologiedatenbank (1)
- Tertiärer Bildungsbereich (1)
- Text Type (1)
- Text genre (1)
- Textgeschichte (1)
- Texttechnologie (1)
- The Reformation (1)
- Thematische Relation (1)
- Themenzentrierter Unterricht (1)
- Thomas <a Kempis> / De imitatione Christi (1)
- Thucydides (1)
- Tibetobirmanische Sprachen ; Nungisch (1)
- Tiere (1)
- Tierlinguistik (1)
- Timișoara (1)
- Tiwa (1)
- Tomislav (1)
- Tone language (1)
- Tonologie (1)
- Tool for manipulation (1)
- Topic based teaching (1)
- Topic/Comment (1)
- Toponym (1)
- Toponymie (1)
- Totalitarism (1)
- Totalitarismus <Motiv> (1)
- Toulmin-Schema (1)
- Tourismus (1)
- Transdisziplinäre Forschung (1)
- Transitives Verb (1)
- Translationskompetenz (1)
- Translationsperformanz (1)
- Translationstheorie (1)
- Translationsunterricht (1)
- Translator (1)
- Transnationalism (1)
- Transylvanian Saxons (1)
- Trantraal, Nathan (1)
- Travnička hronika (1)
- Tree Tuple (1)
- Tree-Adjoining Grammar (1)
- Tschetschenisch (1)
- Tshernovitser bleter (1)
- Tungusisch (1)
- Typical contexts (1)
- Tätigkeitsverb (1)
- Tübingen <2007> (1)
- Tōrwālī (1)
- Uhlenbeck (1)
- Uluslararasılaştırma (1)
- Umgekehrtes Idiom-Paar (1)
- Umwelterziehung (1)
- United States (1)
- University matriculation register (1)
- Universitätsmatrikel (1)
- Univerzita J. Selyeho (Komárno) (1)
- Uniwersytet Łódzki (1)
- Unordered Vector Grammar with Dominance Link (1)
- Unternehmen (1)
- Untranslatability (1)
- Urdu (1)
- Usability (1)
- Using Selected Stereotypes (1)
- VP-ellipsis (1)
- Vagueness (1)
- Valenz (1)
- Vatroslav (1)
- Vaňková, Lenka (1)
- Vedisch (1)
- Venetisch (1)
- Verbstellung (1)
- Vergleich (1)
- Vermittlung (1)
- Vernacular language of the Middle Age (1)
- Versprachlichung (1)
- Verteilung (1)
- Vertrauen (1)
- Verwaltungssprache (1)
- Verwandtschaftsbezeichnung (1)
- Videoblog (1)
- Vietnamesisch (1)
- Violence in language (1)
- Virtuelle Hochschule (1)
- Virtuelle Realität (1)
- Vlog (1)
- Vocabulary (1)
- Vocabulary of technical innovations (1)
- Vokal (1)
- Vor dem Fest (1)
- Vorlesung (1)
- Vortrag (1)
- Vowels (1)
- W-Fragen (1)
- Wahldebatten (1)
- Waldenfels, Bernhard (1)
- War (1)
- Weiblichkeit (1)
- Weichbild (1)
- Weisgerber, Leo (1)
- Weltliteratur (1)
- Werbebotschaft (1)
- Werbeplakat (1)
- Wesire und Konsuln (1)
- Westfriesisch (1)
- Wh-Questions (1)
- Wh-question (1)
- WhatsApp (1)
- Wikipedia (1)
- Wirtschaftssprache (1)
- Wissensvermittlung (1)
- Wittgenstein (1)
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1)
- Witz (1)
- Wolfgang von Kempelen (1)
- Word Sense Disambiguation (1)
- Word Wide Web (1)
- Word formation (1)
- World War I (1)
- Worldliterature (1)
- Wort (1)
- Wortfamilie (1)
- Wortgeschichte (1)
- Wortgruppe (1)
- Wortlänge (1)
- Wortschatzvermittlung (1)
- Wortspiel (1)
- Writing (1)
- Written language (1)
- Yerelleştirme (1)
- Yiddish (1)
- YouTube (1)
- YouTube-Sprache (1)
- YouTuber (1)
- YouTuberin (1)
- Youth Language (1)
- Youtube language (1)
- Zahlbegriff (1)
- Zeitbewusstsein (1)
- Zeitung (1)
- Zeitungssprache (1)
- Zika-Virus (1)
- Zusammenbildung (1)
- Zusammenfassung (1)
- Zusammenschreibung (1)
- Zuschauer <Motiv> (1)
- Zustandsverb (1)
- Zweckmäßigkeit (1)
- Zweitspracherwerb (1)
- absolute untranslatability (1)
- academic writing (1)
- acceptability (1)
- accessibility (1)
- accounts (1)
- acoustic phonetics (1)
- acquisition (1)
- ad hominem moves (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adjectival antonyms (1)
- adjectives (1)
- adjectives of completeness (1)
- adverbs of frequency (1)
- adverbs of quantity (1)
- affect (1)
- agree (1)
- agreement mismatch (1)
- alignment in communication structural coupling (1)
- allemand (1)
- alternative questions (1)
- alternative semantics presupposition projection (1)
- altgeorgisch (1)
- altindogermanisch (1)
- altkirchenslavisch (1)
- altrussisch (1)
- amounts (1)
- announcements (1)
- antecedent (1)
- anti-logophoricity (1)
- anticausatives (1)
- antilocality (1)
- appositives (1)
- area of circulation (1)
- argument dislocation (1)
- argument/adjunct focus (1)
- armenisch (1)
- arousal (1)
- assertion (1)
- assertions (1)
- asterisk (1)
- at-issue content (1)
- atomicity (1)
- attitude reports (1)
- automatic feedback (1)
- auxiliaries (1)
- auxiliary selection (1)
- background particles (1)
- be (1)
- belles infidèles (1)
- bias (1)
- bilingual (1)
- bilingual phraseography (1)
- bilingual word processing (1)
- biliteracy (1)
- binding (1)
- breadth of focus (1)
- bridge principles (1)
- brouillage d’arguments (1)
- case hierarchy (1)
- causal dependence (1)
- causal sufficiency (1)
- causality (1)
- causatives (1)
- central vowels (1)
- change of state verb (1)
- change of state verbs (1)
- character viewpoint gestures (1)
- characterisation (1)
- choice functions (1)
- chronischer Gesichtsschmerz (1)
- chunk parsing (1)
- chunkparsing (1)
- classifiers (1)
- cleft (1)
- clefts (1)
- clitic doubling (1)
- clitic syntax (1)
- co-reference (1)
- co-speech gestures (1)
- coercion (1)
- coercions (1)
- coherence relations (1)
- collecting/ interpreting methods (1)
- collocation analysis (1)
- common ground (1)
- common phrases (1)
- comparative constructions (1)
- complex speech acts (1)
- compounding (1)
- computational semantics (1)
- computer assisted learning (1)
- computer-mediated communication (CMC) (1)
- computervermittelte Kommunikation (1)
- concordance analysis (1)
- conditionals (1)
- conjunction modification (1)
- consequential sentence constructions (1)
- consistency (1)
- construction grammar (1)
- contemplation (1)
- continuity (1)
- contrastive topic (1)
- conventional implicatures (1)
- conversation analysis (1)
- conversational implicatures (1)
- cornering (1)
- coronavirus (1)
- corpus analysis (1)
- corpus study (1)
- corpus-assisted discourse studies (1)
- correction (1)
- corrective focus (1)
- coréen (1)
- counterfactual (1)
- counteridenticals (1)
- covert variables (1)
- creation predicate (1)
- crime fiction (1)
- critical discourse studies (1)
- crosslinguistic influence (1)
- crosslinguistic semantics (1)
- cultural diversity (1)
- cultural identity (1)
- cultural turn (1)
- current language use (1)
- curricula (1)
- curriculum model (1)
- dance semantics (1)
- de dicto (1)
- de-accenting (1)
- decomposition, (1)
- deductive parsing (1)
- defaults (1)
- definiteness (1)
- definites (1)
- degree achievement (1)
- degrees (1)
- deixis (1)
- denomination (1)
- deontic modals (1)
- depiction verbs (1)
- desire-identity shift (1)
- determiners (1)
- dialectal variation (1)
- dialogue (1)
- dictionary (1)
- differential verbal comparatives. (1)
- diplomatic transcript (1)
- direct speech representation (1)
- direct vs. indirect causation (1)
- discourse coherence (1)
- discourse expectability (1)
- discourse pragmatics (1)
- disjoint reference (1)
- disjunction (1)
- disnarration (1)
- distinctive linguistic features (1)
- distributional semantics (1)
- doctor/patient-interaction negotiation chronic facial pain (1)
- donkey sentences (1)
- double diaspora (1)
- dream reports (1)
- dynamics of controversy (1)
- e-learning (1)
- early Germanic (1)
- early acquired phenomena (1)
- early modern english (1)
- early second language acquisition (1)
- economical and cultural contacts (1)
- economics (1)
- education curricula (1)
- education in a heritage language (1)
- education reforms (1)
- educational proposals (1)
- ellipsis (1)
- embedded clauses (1)
- embedding (1)
- emigration (1)
- emotional intelligence (1)
- emphasis (1)
- empirical methods and processes of collection/interpretation (1)
- enough (1)
- epistemic 'modals' (1)
- epistemic indefinites (1)
- epistemic modals (1)
- epp (1)
- equal sign (1)
- ergativity (1)
- ergonyms (1)
- error explanation (1)
- ethnographie (1)
- euphony (1)
- event semantics (1)
- events (1)
- ever free relatives (1)
- evermore (1)
- evidentiality (1)
- ex-situ focus (1)
- exhaustive identification (1)
- exhaustivity (1)
- experimental linguistics (1)
- experimental pragmatics (1)
- experimental semantics (1)
- experiments (1)
- explicit performatives (1)
- explizite Performative (1)
- extreme nouns (1)
- face-work (1)
- factivity (1)
- familiarity (1)
- features (1)
- felicity conditions (1)
- feminist paradigm (1)
- fictional memory (1)
- firsthand experience (1)
- flexible bilingualism (1)
- focus anaphoricity (1)
- focus asymmetries (1)
- focus constructions (1)
- focus copula (1)
- focus marker (1)
- focus marking (1)
- focus meaning (1)
- focus particles (1)
- focus position (1)
- focus type (1)
- folklore (1)
- foregrounding (1)
- foreign language teaching (1)
- foreign languages (1)
- foreign languages teaching (1)
- formalismes grammaticaux (1)
- frame semantics (1)
- frame theory (1)
- francophonie (1)
- free choice (1)
- free direct speech (1)
- free indirect discourse (1)
- free relatives (1)
- free-choice (1)
- function words (1)
- future (1)
- game–theoretic pragmatics (1)
- gay men (1)
- gender studies (1)
- generic quantifier (1)
- genetic encoding (1)
- genitive case (1)
- german (1)
- gesture (1)
- gestures (1)
- globalisation (1)
- gotisch (1)
- gradable adjectives (1)
- gradience grammar (1)
- grafting (1)
- grammaires d’arbres (1)
- grammar formalism (1)
- grammatical variation (1)
- grammaticality (1)
- grammaticality judgment (1)
- grammaticalization (1)
- griechisch (1)
- habitual (1)
- habituals (1)
- handles (1)
- hard cases (1)
- hard/soft distinction (1)
- have (1)
- hearer perception (1)
- heritage Italian (1)
- heritage language acquisition (1)
- heritage language instruction (1)
- hierarchies (1)
- hierarchy (1)
- high school students (1)
- higher-order quantification (1)
- historical pragmatics (1)
- history (1)
- home language use (1)
- iconic semantics (1)
- ideological frame (1)
- idiom (1)
- idiom workbooks (1)
- idioms (1)
- imperatives (1)
- imperfective (1)
- implicated presupposition (1)
- implicatives (1)
- implicature (1)
- impoliteness (1)
- importance of foreign language classes (1)
- imposters (1)
- imprecision (1)
- individual variation (1)
- infants (1)
- inferencing task (1)
- infinitive consequential constructions (1)
- infinitives (1)
- informal language learning (1)
- informational focus (1)
- input (1)
- intensional quantifiers (1)
- intensional transitives (1)
- intercultural (language) learning (1)
- intercultural communicative competence (1)
- intercultural dialogue (1)
- interdisciplinarity (1)
- interdisciplinary research (1)
- international contacts (1)
- interpretation (1)
- interrogative sentence (1)
- interrogatives (1)
- intervention effect (1)
- interwar period (1)
- intonation (language) (1)
- inversion (1)
- jargon (1)
- jurisprudence (1)
- keyword analysis (1)
- kind reference (1)
- klezmer music and song on Romania (1)
- knowledge (1)
- language and law (1)
- language and sexuality (1)
- language contact (1)
- language dominance (1)
- language ecology (1)
- language ideologies (1)
- language input (1)
- language island (1)
- language knowledge (1)
- language model (1)
- language of worship (1)
- language orientation teaching (1)
- language pedagogy (1)
- language planning (1)
- language policy (1)
- language teacher training (1)
- language teaching and learning (1)
- late acquired phenomena (1)
- learning process (1)
- legal linguistics (1)
- lexical causative verbs (1)
- lexical representation (1)
- lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar (1)
- lexicographic standards (1)
- lexicographical description (1)
- lexicographical practice (1)
- lexicographical standards (1)
- lexicon (1)
- lexis (1)
- light verb constructions (1)
- linear order (1)
- linear word order (1)
- linguistic approaches to dialogue (1)
- linguistic behaviour (1)
- linguistic consequences (1)
- linguistic networks graph distance measures (1)
- linguistic repertoires (1)
- literary translation (1)
- local context (1)
- logical form (1)
- long wh-movement (1)
- légère sensibilité au contexte (1)
- main topics of the analysis: teacher qualification (1)
- male dominated approach (1)
- manner implicature (1)
- manuscript transcription (1)
- maximality (1)
- maximizers (1)
- mediational repertoire (1)
- mediatisierte Alltagsgespräche (1)
- memory-based learning (1)
- mention-some (1)
- metagrammars (1)
- metalinguistic awareness (1)
- metalinguistic negation (1)
- methodological-didactic concept (1)
- middle english (1)
- migrants’ language (1)
- migration (1)
- mild context-sensitivity (1)
- miners puzzle (1)
- minus sign (1)
- modal flavor (1)
- modal inferences (1)
- modification (1)
- modifications (1)
- monotonicity (1)
- mood (1)
- morphological derivation (1)
- movement (1)
- multi-dominance (1)
- multi-ethnolect (1)
- multi-valuation (1)
- multicomponent rewriting (1)
- multimodal analysis (1)
- multiple encoding (1)
- mundane technology use (1)
- mutual information of graphs (1)
- métagrammaires (1)
- müssen (1)
- names of international airlines (1)
- nanosyntax (1)
- narrative (1)
- narrative text (1)
- nasal vowels (1)
- natural language metaphysics (1)
- necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) causes (1)
- negative polar questions (1)
- negative polarity item (NPI) (1)
- negative strengthening (1)
- negative-islands (1)
- network model (1)
- newspaper (1)
- nominal concord (1)
- nominal nominal (1)
- nominale Anredeformen (1)
- non-intersective adjectives (1)
- non-restrictive relative clause (1)
- non-specific transparent (1)
- not-at-issue content (1)
- number agreement (1)
- number construction (1)
- number neutrality (1)
- numerals (1)
- obituary (1)
- observer viewpoint gestures (1)
- old Georgian (1)
- old Indo-European (1)
- old Russian (1)
- old church Slavonic (1)
- old english (1)
- online dictionaries (1)
- operator movement (1)
- optional classifiers (1)
- ordinary conversation (1)
- ordre des mots (1)
- origin of proper names (1)
- otherness (1)
- overlapping hierarchies (1)
- pandemic (1)
- panned language (1)
- paradigm uniformity (1)
- parental strategies (1)
- parsing (1)
- partition (1)
- partitives (1)
- passives (1)
- perception (1)
- perception (statement-question matching) (1)
- perfect (1)
- performance (1)
- performative modality (1)
- person agreement (1)
- person splits (1)
- personal narratives (1)
- personal reference (1)
- perspective (1)
- perspective taking (1)
- phase (1)
- phi-features (1)
- phonetics (1)
- phonological status (1)
- phonological word (1)
- phrasemes (1)
- phraseodidactics (1)
- phraseography (1)
- phraseologisms (1)
- phraseology (1)
- physical structure vs. textual structure (1)
- picture semantics (1)
- place names (1)
- plurality (1)
- plurilinguisme (1)
- plus sign (1)
- polarity focus (1)
- political speech (1)
- political speeches (1)
- polnisch (1)
- polymedia (1)
- possessive adjective (1)
- post-focus reduction (1)
- pp modification (1)
- pragma linguistics (1)
- pragmatic enrichment (1)
- pragmatic inference (1)
- predicate focus (1)
- predicates of personal taste (1)
- preference predicates (1)
- prefix (1)
- presentational constructions (1)
- press (1)
- presuppositional implicatures (1)
- priming (1)
- probabilistic theories of causation (1)
- probabilities (1)
- probability (1)
- progressive (1)
- projection (1)
- prominence (1)
- pronoun movement (1)
- pronouns (1)
- pronunciation database (1)
- proper names (1)
- properties (1)
- prosodic focus (1)
- prosodic phrasing (1)
- prosodic prominence (1)
- psycholinguistics (1)
- quantificational variability (1)
- quantifier processing (1)
- quantifier scope (1)
- quantity (1)
- question formation (1)
- question mark (1)
- range concatenation grammar (1)
- reaction time (1)
- reasoning errors (1)
- recursivity (1)
- reduplication (1)
- reference corpus (1)
- refugees (1)
- relational adjectives (1)
- relative construction (1)
- relative untranslatability (1)
- relevance theory (1)
- repair (1)
- repair initiation (1)
- research themes (1)
- responsive predicates (1)
- restrictive relative clause (1)
- resultative (1)
- rhetorical approaches to dialogue in narrative (1)
- rhetorical relations (1)
- rhyming (1)
- right node raising (1)
- robust parsing (1)
- role labeling (1)
- root classes (1)
- salience (1)
- scalar changes (1)
- scalar diversity (1)
- scalar enrichment (1)
- scalar implicatures (1)
- scalar inferences (1)
- scale structure (1)
- scope (1)
- secondary focus (1)
- section-feature mapping (1)
- self-naming (1)
- semantic types (1)
- semantics annual meeting (1)
- semantics/pragmatics interface (1)
- sentence repetition (1)
- sentence-final particles (1)
- sex-/gender-neutral language (1)
- sexual normativity (1)
- short-term memory (1)
- similarity (1)
- similarity approach (1)
- similarity-based learning (1)
- simplification (1)
- simultaneous bilingual acquisition (1)
- situation variables (1)
- situations (1)
- smartphone-based language practices (1)
- smartphones (1)
- social media (1)
- social premises (1)
- sociolinguistics, language didactics, two-way immersion, linguistic policy One Teacher-One Language, New York, Frankfurt, bilingual teaching practices, oral language production, translanguaging (1)
- sociolinguistique (1)
- sociolinguistique, didactique des langues, immersion réciproque, politique linguistique Un Maitre/Une Langue, New York, Francfort, enseignement bilingue, pratiques langagières orales, translanguaging. (1)
- sociology of language (1)
- songwriting (1)
- spatial and temporal boundaries (1)
- specialized vocabulary (1)
- spectatorship (1)
- speech reports (1)
- speeded verification (1)
- spirituality (1)
- split antecedent (1)
- spoken discourse (1)
- standard solution (1)
- stilistic values (1)
- stonewall (1)
- stress patterns (1)
- style (1)
- stylistics (1)
- subject inversion (1)
- subject syntax (1)
- subject-only resumption (1)
- subjective illness theories (1)
- subjunctive conditionals (1)
- sufficient (but not necessarily necessary) causes (1)
- syllogisms (1)
- symmetric predicate (1)
- syncretism (1)
- syntactic awareness (1)
- syntactic decomposition (1)
- syntactic focus marking (1)
- syntactic models (1)
- syntactic processing (1)
- tag questions (1)
- task performance (1)
- teachers' attitudes (1)
- teaching and acquisition of idioms (1)
- teaching methodology (1)
- teaching second language (1)
- team teaching (1)
- television drama (1)
- temporal gradation (1)
- temporal limitation (1)
- tense semantics (1)
- terms of address (1)
- text book (1)
- text books (1)
- text genres (1)
- textbooks (1)
- theatre (1)
- theory of controversy (1)
- threshold concepts (1)
- time annotation (1)
- timing in acquisition (1)
- timing in monolingual acquisition (1)
- tone (language) (1)
- tone languages (1)
- tones (1)
- too (1)
- topic affixes (1)
- topic markers (1)
- topic-comment (1)
- traces (1)
- transcultural memory (1)
- transfer (1)
- translanguaging (1)
- translation of institution names (1)
- translation of proper names (1)
- translation strategies (1)
- translational turn (1)
- tree-based grammars (1)
- treebanking (1)
- type shifting (1)
- type-shifting (1)
- typology (1)
- unalternative semantics (1)
- universal presupposition projection (1)
- universal quantifiers (1)
- universe of discourse (1)
- update semantics (1)
- usernames (1)
- valency (1)
- variational linguistics (1)
- verb placement in Germanic (1)
- verb-initial language (1)
- verb-second (1)
- viewpoint (1)
- visibility (1)
- visusal representations (1)
- vowel alternation (1)
- wh-questions (1)
- wh-scope (1)
- whinterrogatives (1)
- wide scope indefinites (1)
- wikipedia (1)
- wooden language (1)
- word order (1)
- word order variation (1)
- working memory (1)
- world knowledge (1)
- Ärger (1)
- Ärztliche Aufklärungspflicht (1)
- Ästhetik (1)
- Öffentlichkeit (1)
- Übersetzerin (1)
- Übertragung (1)
Institute
- Extern (266)
- Neuere Philologien (73)
- Sprachwissenschaften (47)
- Präsidium (12)
- Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften (6)
- Informatik (5)
- Gesellschaftswissenschaften (2)
- Informatik und Mathematik (2)
- Medizin (2)
- SFB 268 (2)
Assessing communicative accommodation in the context of large language models : a semiotic approach
(2023)
Recently, significant strides have been made in the ability of transformer-based chatbots to hold natural conversations. However, despite a growing societal and scientific relevancy, there are few frameworks systematically deriving what it means for a chatbot conversation to be natural. The present work approaches this question through the phenomenon of communicative accommodation/interactive alignment. While there is existing research suggesting that humans adapt communicatively to technologies, the aim of this work is to explore the accommodation of AI-chatbots to an interlocutor. Its research interest is twofold: Firstly, the structural ability of the transformer-architecture to support accommodative behavior is assessed using a frame constructed in accordance with existing accommodationtheories.
This results in hypotheses to be tested empirically. Secondly, since effective accommodation produces the same outcomes, regardless of technical implementation, a behavioral experiment is proposed. Existing quantifications of accommodation are reconciled,
extended, and modified to apply them to nonhuman-interlocutors. Thus, a measurement scheme is suggested which evaluates textual data from text-only, double-blind interactions between chatbots and humans, chatbots and chatbots and humans and humans. Using the generated human-to-human convergence data as a reference, the degree of artificial accommodation can be evaluated. Accommodation as a central facet of artificial interactivity can thus be evaluated directly against its theoretical paradigm, i.e. human interaction. In case that subsequent examinations show that chatbots effectively do not accommodate, there may be a new form of algorithmic bias, emerging from the aggregate accommodation towards chatbots but not towards humans. Thus, existing, hegemonic semantics could be cemented through chatbot-learning. Meanwhile, the ability to effectively accommodate would render chatbots vastly more susceptible to misuse.
Sentence repetition tasks (SRTs) have been extensively used as measures of bilinguals’ language abilities. Most studies relied on SRTs in which the target sentences were not connected to each other. However, participants’ performance may differ if these sentences are embedded in discourse, since discourse provides participants with additional cues for sentence comprehension and interpretation. For the present study, we designed a discourse-based SRT, whereby the target sentences were connected to each other in a story. We examined the effect of discourse on bilinguals’ performance in the SRT and investigated whether this effect varied based on the language of administration, bilinguals’ dominance score and type of target structure. We tested 32 Italian-German bilingual children (7–12 years) living in Germany with two SRTs in each language, one with discourse and one without discourse. Participants showed a better performance in the SRTs with discourse, especially in the heritage language (Italian). The effect of discourse was visible across the board with all target structures. On the whole, SRTs with discourse seem to reduce the processing costs associated with lexical retrieval and shifts in scenarios, thus tapping more directly into children's processing abilities, compared to more traditional SRTs. The results are discussed in terms of ecological validity of different assessment instruments.
Most studies on bilingual children's metalinguistic awareness assess metalinguistic awareness using monolingual tasks. This may not reflect how a bilingual's languages dynamically interact with each other in creating metalinguistic representations. We tested 33 Greek–Italian bilingual children (8–11 years) for metalinguistic awareness using acceptability-rating tasks in which they had to judge and explain grammatical errors. The tasks were in monolingual and bilingual modes in order to show how far metalinguistic awareness in Italian benefited from the activation of Greek. The participants exhibited better metalinguistic awareness abilities in Italian in the bilingual acceptability-rating task in which Greek was activated. The benefits of the bilingual mode were visible in the judgment and explanation of errors and were modulated by syntactic processing abilities in Italian, length of exposure to Italian, type of structure, and age. The results show that metalinguistic awareness can be shared across languages. We discuss the pedagogical implications of our findings.
In narratology, a widely recognized method involves exploring the connection between implied authors and implied readers. It entails correlating abstract narrative components within a text to understand the conveyed message and the multitude of interpretations it can offer. The present study adopts an implied reader-oriented approach to analyze three selected novels from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries—one Nigerian, one Caribbean, and one Kurdish. The aim is to explore the potential readings within these texts, considering the hermeneutic process of critical reading. The selected texts include Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, (1958), Same Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners, (1956), and Karwan Kakesur’s The Channels of the Armed Monkeys, (2011). This approach closely examines the communication between the author and reader of the text, with a special focus on the varying levels of communication between the components of the narration, including fictional and implied fictional communication.
The implied fictional communication occurs between a narrative agent known as ‘the implied author’ and its fictional counterpart ‘the implied reader’ rather than between the real, flesh and blood authors and readers. I argue that this level of communication is coded, and the act of decoding it is part of the reading process performed by the reader. Certain texts can propose different and sometimes opposing readings which are initially and purposefully designed by the implied author and addressed to different implied readers. These readings are not necessarily the results of different real readers but rather incorporated ones predetermined by the implied author only to be acknowledged and uncovered by the readers. In other words, the latent meaning is and always was an integral part of the text and is not something created by the imaginative reader or critic. The core interest of my thesis lies in identifying prompts and suggestions within the narrative of the selected texts and ultimately understanding the readerships prestructured in them. Identifying the different readers within those texts will provide new reinterpretations that can add undetected values to the reading process and sometimes suggests opposing readings to how those texts have so far been read. Additionally, it is the objective of this thesis to propose new ways that readers can interact with reading literature that would result in a more aesthetic and entertaining reading experience besides providing ways to be more informed and aware of the cues certain narrative texts contain.
There have been numerous critical studies on both narratology and postcolonial or minority literatures; however, there has been little scholarly work that attempts to utilize narratology as a theoretical foundation for understanding postcolonial and minority fiction.
This study examines fictional texts from Nigerian, Caribbean, and Kurdish literature, employing the narratological concept known as ‘Multiple Implied Readers’. By incorporating concepts from Brian Richardson’s ‘Singular Text, Multiple Implied Readers’, and Peter J. Rabinowitz’s ‘authorial audiences’, I explore the various readerships that the texts could encompass. This exploitation may lead to the discovery of new readings, interpretations, and meanings that would otherwise remain undetected. These structures introduce provocative indeterminacies that challenge the reader’s synthesis of information into coherent configurations of meaning. Consequently, this approach not only enhances the reading experience but also opens doors to new interpretations of the text. In some cases, these interpretations could even dismantle prior understandings and propose entirely new readings.
The concepts of the implied author and implied reader have been studied before in relation to various disciplines of narratology. However, by applying them in conjunction with the relatively less researched subject of multiple implied readers, I aim to shed light on important aspects of these readings. This exploration could prove beneficial for literature students as well as critical readers of literary texts, revealing the potential of these texts to accommodate more than one implied reader within their narratives.
Highlights
• Gender cues are defined differently across languages.
• We propose a new refined and standardized definition of gender transparency.
• Gender transparency is quantifiable with values that match theoretical expectations.
• We present the first quantitative method to measure the gender transparency of languages.
Abstract
Languages can express grammatical gender through different ortho-phonological regularities present in nouns (e.g., the cues “-o” and “-a” for the masculine and the feminine respectively in Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish). The term “gender transparency” was coined to describe these regularities (Bates et al., 1995). In gendered languages, we can hence distinguish between transparent nouns, i.e., those displaying form regularities; opaque nouns, i.e., those with ambiguous endings; and irregular nouns, i.e., those that display the typical form regularities but are associated with the opposite gender. Following a descriptive analysis of such regularities, languages have been recently classified according to their degree of gender transparency, which seems relevant in regard to gender acquisition and processing. Yet, there are certain inconsistencies in determining which languages are overall transparent and which are opaque. In particular, it is not clear whether some other complex regularities such as derivational suffixes are also “transparent” cues for gender, what really constitutes an “opaque” noun, or which role orthography and morphology have in transparency. Given the existing inconsistencies in classifying languages as transparent or opaque, this work introduces a proposal to assess gender transparency systematically. Our methodology adapts the standardized factors proposed by Audring (2019) to analyse the relative complexity of gender systems. Such factors are adapted to gender transparency on the basis of the literature on gender acquisition and processing. To support the feasibility of such a proposal, the concepts have been instantiated in a quantitative model to obtain for the first time an objective measure of gender transparency using European Portuguese and Dutch as instances of target languages. Our results coincide with the theoretically expected outcome: European Portuguese obtains a high value of gender transparency while Dutch obtains a moderately low one. Future adaptations of this model to the gender systems of other languages could allow the continuum of gender transparency to sustain robust predictions in studies on gender processing and acquisition.
Pitch peaks tend to be higher at the beginning of longer than shorter sentences (e.g., ‘A farmer is pulling donkeys’ vs ‘A farmer is pulling a donkey and goat’), whereas pitch valleys at the ends of sentences are rather constant for a given speaker. These data seem to imply that speakers avoid dropping their voice pitch too low by planning the height of sentence-initial pitch peaks prior to speaking. However, the length effect on sentence-initial pitch peaks appears to vary across different types of sentences, speakers and languages. Therefore, the notion that speakers plan sentence intonation in advance due to the limitations in low voice pitch leaves part of the data unexplained. Consequently, this study suggests a complementary cognitive account of length-dependent pitch scaling. In particular, it proposes that the sentence-initial pitch raise in long sentences is related to high demands on mental resources during the early stages of sentence planning. To tap into the cognitive underpinnings of planning sentence intonation, this study adopts the methodology of recording eye movements during a picture description task, as the eye movements are the established approximation of the real-time planning processes. Measures of voice pitch (Fundamental Frequency) and incrementality (eye movements) are used to examine the relationship between (verbal) working memory (WM), incrementality of sentence planning and the height of sentence-initial pitch peaks.
The standard view of the form-meaning interfaces, as embraced by the great majority of contemporary grammatical frameworks, consists in the assumption that meaning can be associated with grammatical form in a one-to-one correspondence. Under this view, composition is quite straightforward, involving concatenation of form, paired with functional application in meaning. In this book, we discuss linguistic phenomena across several grammatical sub-modules (morphology, syntax, semantics) that apparently pose a problem to the standard view, mapping out the potential for deviation from the ideal of one-to-one correspondences, and develop formal accounts of the range of phenomena. We argue that a constraint-based perspective is particularly apt to accommodate deviations from one-to-many correspondences, as it allows us to impose constraints on full structures (such as a complete word or the interpretation of a full sentence) instead of deriving such structures step by step.
Most of the papers in this volume are formulated in a particular constraint-based grammar framework, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. The contributions investigate how the lexical and constructional aspects of this theory can be combined to provide an answer to this question across different linguistic sub-theories.
Der inhaltlich umfassende Sammelband von Sarah Brommer und Christa Dürscheid bündelt vorrangig Forschungsarbeiten von Studierenden, die sich im Feld der Mensch-Mensch- und Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation in einer sich stetig technisch weiterentwickelten Welt verorten. Die Forschungsarbeiten, die im Rahmen des Seminars "Mensch. Maschine. Vertrauen." an der Universität Zürich im Wintersemester 2019 entstanden sind, nehmen verschiedene Kommunikationssituationen und aktuelle Phänomene in den Blick, die bis dato noch als Forschungsdesiderate zu konstatieren sind: z. B. (A) Formen interpersonaler Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation in medialen Formaten wie WhatsApp oder Tinder, (B) Perspektiven auf Streitgespräche mit Robotern oder die Frage nach Vertrauen im Umgang mit Pflegerobotern, (C) Kommunikationssituationen mit Siri oder Smart Homes und (D) Biohacking als technische Entwicklung in Bezug auf das Einsetzen von u.a. Chips in den menschlichen Körper. Insgesamt beinhaltet der Band zwölf Beiträge, die sich überwiegend zunächst aus linguistischer Perspektive den Forschungsgegenständen nähern und diese dann weiterführend in ethische Fragen und gesellschaftspolitische Zusammenhänge einbetten.
Funktionsverbgefüge stehen seit jeher in der Sprachkritik, die sich nun auch auf digitale Räume ausbreitet. Vertreten wird dort die These, Funktionsverbgefüge und ihre entsprechenden Basisverben seien äquivalent und könnten in allen Kontexten durch die verbalen Entsprechungen ersetzt werden. Dies kann durch die vorliegende korpusbasierte und textlinguistische Studie am Beispiel des Gefüges Frage stellen widerlegt werden. Anhand eines extensiven Datenmaterials aus den Wikipedia-Artikel-Korpora des IDS zeige ich die semantischen, grammatischen und textlinguistischen Unterschiede zwischen dem Basisverb und dem Funktionsverbgefüge im Gebrauch auf, die sich in der Anreicherung, Verdichtung, Perspektivierung, Gewichtung und Wiederaufnahme von Informationen im Text manifestieren.