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The present paper focuses upon a translatological perspective of the cultureme theory, as initially presented by Els Oksaar and developed later by other linguists. By examining a few expressions from a novel of the Romanian-German writer Aglaja Veteranyi and their translations into Romanian, the paper illustrates the categories micro- and macro-cultureme.
The North Transylvanian linguist Friedrich Krauss has dealt with the Northern Transylvanian plant inventory in his work “Noesnerlaendish Plant Names” (1943) referring to the town of Bistritz and surroundings. The referenced popular names of the plants are rendered phonetically, the way the linguist heard (understood) them. I have selected 68 descriptive case samples of popular plantnames for my study and have grouped them according to certain criteria. These samples exemplify the fact that the cohabitation of Saxons, Romanians and Hungarians is reflected as well in the ethnographic plant naming phenomenon. They belong to the old Transylvanian vernacular names which the linguist and plantlover, Friedrich Krauss, has saved from oblivion.
The analyzed and translated text represents a judicial protocol of a witch trial from 1697. After a brief description of the general phenomenon of the witch hunt and it’s characteristics in 17th century Transylvania the text is discussed from a point of view of its translation. The most problematic aspects are found in the depositions of the witnesses, which abound in linguistic peculiarities, ranging from archaic structures to dialect. The translator faces a dilemma when having to decide whether to translate the archaic structures into archaic ones, thus preserving the stylistic personality of the text, or into modern Romanian, which would mean creating an “open translation”. In any case the translation should not neglect the informative and oral character of the source text.
This paper explores the context and reasons for the extensive translation of legal texts from German into Romanian in Bukovina during the Habsburg period (1775–1918) and immediately following the unification with the Romanian Kingdom. The Austrian civil code from 1811 was translated in the three important periods of translation, corresponding to the major administrative changes in the province. The paper analyses the different translations and their impact on the Romanian legislation, legal terminology and juridical style.
It has been observed from the intense discussions that the function and importance of translation in foreign language teaching have been going on since the second half of the last century. On the basis of these discussions, it has been understood, from numerous studies carried out about the subject that translation is used as a methodological means of developing language skills in foreign language teaching. Nevertheless, “Common European Framework of Reference for Languages” defines the function of translation in foreign language teaching over again and emphasizes that the translation skill is a “skill” that foreign language teachers should acquire. In spite of this fact, the changes in that subject have not been reflected in German Language Teacher Education Curriculum. Translation is still dealt with in its traditional form as teaching the grammatical rules and vocabulary in German language teaching. However, translation can be used as a multi-sided means which supports developing language skills and communication ability. Thus, with suitable exercises, translation can contribute to the development of the students’ communication skill. In this study, how translation lesson can be organized more effectively and productively in the teaching of German as a foreign language is dealt with by taking the views mentioned above into consideration.