430 Germanische Sprachen; Deutsch
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In the context of the emergence of various online dictionaries and platforms that also address phraseological units, their usefulness is being questioned and their potential examined in order to illustrate new directions in the development of digital phraseography. The article shows special traits in the formation of lexicographical content in two selected online dictionaries, using the lemma “cat” as example.
By focusing human factors by the phraseological nomination, it becomes possible to expose obvious cases as reflections of everyday collective observations, experiences and evaluations considering a certain behavior or action. The subject of this investigation is differently molded phraseological units that permit to be listed under the hypernym ‘THE END OF LIFE BY HUMAN BEINGS’. The execution follows up the role of the linguistic image by the constitution of a slice of reality and gives representative examples of the metaphorization of the concept ‚DECEASE‘ in German, Romanian and Swedish. Productive source domains for the conceptualization of this notion will be considered; this due to the insight that conceptual spheres give keys to thought models, values and ideals anchored in the language.
This study offers in its first part a brief description of the text genre, analysing the specific lexical and formal features as well as the specific text composition means. As wedding announcements haven’t been examined from a contrastive (German/Romanian)/intercultural point of view yet, it is relevant to mention some research directions and methods.
This study indicates research areas from the perspective of the German and Romanian language phraseology, areas that are exemplified within the phraseosemantic field of „communication”. The analysis of the current state of research indicates the partial or complete lack of preoccupation, on the one hand, with the metaphorization process and the predominance of the conceptual metaphors in the two languages or the dominance of some components and their analysis from a cultural-specific point of view, and, on the other hand, with the systematization of morphosyntactic or semantic restrictions.
The article presents 11 idiom workbooks (some of them displaying a comparative approach) of the 1990s as well as their underlying methodological-didactic concept. The workbooks examined, a number of which have been previously critically assessed by the phraseo-didactic literature, are presented in the chronological order of their publication.
Starting from the current preoccupations of areal phraseology, this article presents directions and ways of researching the phraseological stock of the German language with regards to the particularities and to the area of circulation in dialects or in the standard variants of the German language.
The present paper reflects upon the relevance of certain criteria that are decisive for the quality of a dictionary and interrelates them with the current bilingual lexicographic practice in Romania concerned with German language. The focus lies here on the lexicographic registration and presentation of phraseologisms in a general bilingual dictionary, which, contrary to phraseological dictionaries, is known not to be specialized in the codification of the phraseological stock. For illustration purpose the author provides a critical analysis of the new edition of the German-Romanian Comprehensive Dictionary published by the Romanian Academy (2007). The paper aims at showing to what extent the description of the selected phraseologisms is adequate with regard to potential users and the specifics of phraseological phenomena.
"Hoch soll er leben!" : Routineformeln als Forschungsaufgabe der phraseologischen Kontrastivik
(2010)
Phraseological issues are of great interest to researchers in the field of German studies outside German-speaking countries as well. If one looks back upon the achievements and insights of phraseological research elsewhere, it becomes obvious that there are lots of areas of investigation still to be expanded, as far as the German and the Romanian languages are concerned. The research approaches suggested here are meant to highlight more specific aspects of linguistic phraseological material.
Adina Lucia Nistor’s recent book focuses on standard German, viewed from the perspective of the morphemic, internalanalysis of one of the essential parts of a sentence, i.e. the nominal group (Nominalgruppe),in opposition to the verbal group (Verbalgruppe).
The modern lexicography must meet certain requirements in order to ensure an adequate lexicographical coverage of the presented lexical inventory. The relevant published literature dedicated to the profile of lemmas within the current lexicographical practice reveals shortcomings that reflect the gap between the current linguistic reality and the usual lexicographical practice. From the user’s perspective and his consulting needs modern metalexicography stresses the need for a fair lexicographical exposure, empirically grounded, capable of indicating peculiarities and restrictions of the usage within the language. Parting from theoretical considerations, regarding the relevance of the criteria that define the quality of a lexicographical work, the principle of addressability and the current phraseographic practice, the article presents directions and ways of researching for the phraseological inventory in terms of relevant peculiarities for the mono- or bilingual lexicographical practice. Exemplary there are discussed modern empirical methods meant to improve the current lexicographical practice insisting upon the evidence provided by the corpus as object and means of verifying the hypothesis of theoretical or applied research. The analysis of occurrences extracted from corpora is a valuable tool for the lexicographer because it allows the identification of the specific characteristics belonging to fixed structures within usual multiple contexts, patterns of use, concordances and co-selections. An authoritative body of linguistic evidence allows observations of mutations occurring in use or frequency of distributions, as well as identifying outlying areas of phraseology which so far have been insufficiently investigated or ignored by the lexicographical practice.
Based on the specific use of fixed expressions in everyday communication or in written messages, the paper presents modifications of reiterated discourse (suppresion, addition, substitution, permutation) that are illustrated by adapted common phrases and innovations of text types with formalized language.
The fully revised, extended and updated second edition of the Variantenwörterbuch des Deutschen (German Variant Dictionary) covers hitherto not lexicographically coded peculiarities of the German language in Romania, Namibia, and Mexico and thus the present variety spectrum on the margins and far beyond the closed German language area. The dictionary points out differences and thus peculiarities of the different varieties of the German language spoken in the respective centers.
This article addresses a little discussed popular phenomenon, namely that of internet memes as a manifestation of public criticism in the online space. Internet memes are pieces of entertainement with an extremely adaptable repertoire, defined by unexpected word associations, sentences, retorts, purposely modified images, which become viral by replication. The variation forms, the parody, puns, humorous, ironically-sarcastic allusions to current events, socially important topics, or statements of public figures make it clear how the modifications of a message built around some suggestive images with an obviously telling statement can get political relevance.
The adequate assessment of lexicographical approaches to phraseologisms requires certain evaluation criteria. Among the aspects to be assessed are, besides the arrangement of the front, middle and back matter and the selection of material, the macrostructural organization and the quality of the microstructural components. The present article focuses on the lexicographical standards set for phraseological dictionaries by metalexicographical researchers in the field of German Studies, while it critically examines the macro- and microstructural profile of special phraseological dictionaries developed in Romania with German as a target and source language. This examination has revealed serious shortcomings regarding both the conceptual orientation and the construction of dictionary entries. These shortcomings may influence the use of dictionaries by translators and non-native speakers as well, who represent the actual target group.
Articolul de faţă se înscrie într-o arie tematică generoasă a lexicografiei germane, prezentând principalele preocupări şi tendinţe ale cercetării metalexicografice moderne. Redactarea unor noi dicţionare frazeologice care să corespundă exigenţelor metodologice constituie o problemă actuală şi centrală a frazeologiei aplicate şi a lexicografiei teoretice şi practice. Problema descrierii specificului şi a contextului utilizării fondului frazeologic în dicţionare mono- sau bilingve a generat o serie de polemici şi ipoteze care au condus la descoperirea unor soluţii – nu întotdeauna viabile – pentru eficientizarea şi îmbunătăţirea dicţionarelor de acest tip. În literatura de specialitate recentă este punctată importanţa unui concept unitar, fundamentat ştiinţific şi susţinut empiric, cu aplicabilitate mare, fapt ce necesită elucidarea unor serii de probleme de abordare, prezentare şi codificare lexicografică.
One can deal with aspects of language use from different perspectives (sociologically, pragmatically, psycho-linguistically etc.). The present article discusses stylistic markedness in different selected phrasemes whereby the following question is subject to investigation: do phrasemes as complex signs of secondary nomination show specific properties which, in contrast to simple lexemes, make them predisposed to stylistically marked use?
The article is dedicated to language in public space. The COVID-19 pandemic not only dominates the media, but is the subject of numerous linguistic comments and scientific articles discussing the linguistic consequences of the health crisis (the emergence of new meanings and words or the penetration of specialized terms in everyday language).