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Institute
Stellenanzeigen in Zeitungen: eine vergleichende Studie anhand deutscher
und kamerunischer Texte
(2023)
Across different cultures in the world, companies recruit new workers by publishing job announcement in newspapers. This contribution examines job announcement in German and Cameroonians newspapers in order to bring out theirs similarities and differences. The analysis reveals that job announcements in both countries are quite similar as far as the communication situation is concerned. Differences and similarities appear in text structure and in the usage of linguistic items.
The article intends to present some facts about the medieval history of the Saxons in the Wallachian town of Câmpulung Muscel/Langenau. German-speaking colonists were settled in Langenau around the 13th century, and their traces can be followed until the middle of the 18th century. A German language document from the 16th century will serve as an illustration, depicting the relations between the Transylvanian Saxons from Râșnov/Rosenau and the population of Câmpulung Muscel/Langenau. The linguistic peculiarities of the document are discussed, as well as the problems of its transcription, which led to different publication variants. This document is also interesting because it contains many Romanian names of persons.
The article deals with the educational language German at German schools abroad and DSD schools in Romania. Schools in regions with autochthonous German minorities are given special consideration, as these contribute to the preservation of the minority‘s cultural identity. Existing empirical studies on language use and language retention at DSD schools are discussed and it is proposed that analyzes should not only be devoted to the norm-orientation in the language use of pupils, but to interactive processes in subject teaching.
The aim of this article is to elaborate on the nouns listed in the title based on selected vernacular records, which in a certain phrase, but also by themselves, express the meanings making troubles/difficulties and seeking excuses/evasions. First of all, Transylvanian Saxon and High German respectively the German colloquial language have these lexemes in common, as well as vernacular words that do not belong to this linguistic level. Furthermore, it should be clarified that these vernacular words are attested in different sound variants from case to case in the Rhenish, in the Palatine and in the Bavarian-Austrian vernaculars, in the same or similar meanings in corresponding vernacular dictionaries. Transylvanian Saxon proper vocabulary is represented by a borrowing from Latin and two borrowings from Romanian. The dialect documents presented in the article are taken from the Transylvanian-Saxon Dictionary, its archive, the North Transylvanian Dictionary as well as from dialect and specialist literature. The etymological explanations respectively the etymological considerations of the analyzed lexemes have been prepared mainly based on relevant specialist dictionaries.
In this study, we investigated the impact of two constraints on the linear order of constituents in German preschool children’s and adults’ speech production: a rhythmic (*LAPSE, militating against sequences of unstressed syllables) and a semantic one (ANIM, requiring animate referents to be named before inanimate ones). Participants were asked to produce coordinated bare noun phrases in response to picture stimuli (e.g., Delfin und Planet, ‘dolphin and planet’) without any predefined word order. Overall, children and adults preferably produced animate items before inanimate ones, confirming findings of Prat-Sala, Shillcock, and Sorace (2000). In the group of preschoolers, the strength of the animacy effect correlated positively with age. Furthermore, the order of the conjuncts was affected by the rhythmic constraint, such that disrhythmic sequences, i.e., stress lapses, were avoided. In both groups, the latter result was significant when the two stimulus pictures did not vary with respect to animacy. In sum, our findings suggest a stronger influence of animacy compared to rhythmic well-formedness on conjunct ordering for German speaking children and adults, in line with findings by McDonald, Bock, and Kelly (1993) who investigated English speaking adults.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird auf eine Familie deutscher Konstruktionen eingegangen, denen das Reduplikationsmuster [von Xsg zu Xsg] zugrunde liegt. Den theoretischen Rahmen der Arbeit bilden zentrale Postulate der Konstruktionsgrammatik. Als empirische Basis dienen deutsch-russische (RNC) und deutsch-spanische (PaGeS) Parallelkorpora. Das zu untersuchende Pattern ist formal durch die Doppelung des im Singular auftretenden Substantivs ohne Artikel und semantisch durch verschiedene Lesarten z.B. 'iterative Fortbewegung' ('von Haus zu Haus gehen') oder "stetige Entwicklung' ('von Tag zu Tag zunehmen') gekennzeichnet. Auf kontrastiver Ebene spielt die lexikalische Slotfüllung jedes Konstrukts eine besondere Rolle, denn sie bedingt auch die formalen und semantischen Besonderheiten der Entsprechungen im Russischen und im Spanischen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird in erster Linie anhand der konsultierten deutsch-russischen bzw. deutsch-spanischen Parallelkorpora versucht, die funktional äquivalenten Konstruktionen des deutschen Patterns festzulegen.
Das Projekt vernetzt die Doktorandenausbildung an drei Universitäten in der Slowakei (Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave), der Tschechischen Republik (Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem) und in Polen (Uniwersytet Wrocławski). Ausgangspunkt war die Feststellung, dass es in der Doktorandenausbildung noch einige Defizite gibt, wie z. B. eine schwache internationale Zusammenarbeit und Vernetzung. Die aktuellen Anforderungen in Wissenschaft und Praxis erfordern jedoch zwangsläufig eine internationale Dimension. Ziel des Projekts war daher, durch verschiedene gemeinsame Veranstaltungen einen Beitrag zur Internationalisierung der Doktorandenprogramme an den Partnerinstitutionen zu leisten und diese zu vernetzen. Ein weiteres Defizit wurde bei der methodischen Ausbildung von Doktoranden festgestellt. Um ihre Methodenkompetenz zu stärken, wurden im Rahmen des Projekts zahlreiche Maßnahmen ergriffen. Dazu gehören die Organisation von internationalen Doktorandenkolloquien, die auch nach Projektende fortgesetzt werden, die Erstellung eines gemeinsamen Curriculums zur Erleichterung der Studentenmobilität sowie die Erstellung von methodisch und wissenschaftlich aktuellem Lehrmaterial, die Schaffung neuer Publikationsmöglichkeiten speziell für Doktoranden sowie die Integration neuester Forschungsergebnisse und innovativer Methoden direkt in den Ausbildungsprozess. Das Projekt zielte auch eben darauf ab, die Qualifikation von Betreuern und Dozenten in Doktorandenprogrammen zu verbessern.
Im Rahmen des Projekts "Internationalisierung und Weiterentwicklung des Doktorandenstudiums ERASMUS+ 2018–1-SK01-KA203–046375" - Projektpartner Universität der Heiligen Kyrill und Method in Trnava (Slowakei), Jan-Evangelista-Purkyně-Universität in Ústí nad Labem (Tschechien) und Universität Wrocław (Polen) - fand vom 26.04. bis zum 30.04.2021 das dritte Internationale Doktorandenkolloquium statt. Die Organisation des Kolloquiums wurde diesmal von der Universität Wrocław in Polen übernommen.
Im Aufsatz wird versucht, die Rolle und die Bedeutung der Deutschlehrer in der tschechischen Gesellschaft der zweiten Hälfte des 19. und der ersten des 20. Jahrhunderts zu erörtern. Dabei wird auf den Habitus der Deutschlehrer und die bildungs- und gesellschaftspolitischen Umstände, die ihn formten, fokussiert. Es werden zum einen die autofiktionalen Texte der Lehrer, zum anderen ihre bildungspolitische Essays analysiert, um ihr gesellschaftliches Bild und ihre Selbstverortung in unterschiedlichen politischen Rahmenbedingungen darzustellen. Die kulturhistorische Studie soll zu weiteren Forschungen im aktuellen bildungspolitischen Diskurs anregen.
Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Entwicklung und die Grundfragen der Phraseodidaktik in den letzten Dekaden sowie über ausgewählte Beiträge zu Phrasemen in Lehrwerken widmet sich der Beitrag einer Fallstudie anhand des 2017 erschienenen Lehrwerks Aspekte neu. Dabei wird auf vier Fragen eingegangen: Es wird untersucht, wie auf Phraseme referiert wird. Des Weiteren werden die Nennformen einer kritischen Analyse unterzogen. In einem dritten Schritt folgt die Beschreibung und kritische Betrachtung der phrasembezogenen Übungstypen. Schließlich wird die Frage beantwortet, ob die methodisch-didaktische Aufbereitung von Phrasemen die Erkenntnisse und Maximen phraseodidaktischer Forschung, konkret die Methode des phraseodidaktischen Vierschritts reflektiert.
In diesem Beitrag werden alle Arten von Phraseologismen in Webtexten für Jugendliche untersucht. Im Fokus der Untersuchung stehen aber die nichtkodifizierten Phraseologismen. Es wird überprüft, ob Phraseologismen in Webtexten für Jugendliche jugendsprachliche Eigenschaften haben. Manche von diesen Phraseologismen enthalten beispielsweise Anglizismen, die bekanntlich von Jugendlichen gerne verwendet werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass nicht alle gebräuchlichen Phraseologismen in aktuellen Wörterbüchern verzeichnet sind, aber auch, dass neue Phraseologismen oft Variationen der alten darstellen.
Der Gegenstand der Analyse ist die Verwendung von potentiellen slowenischen phraseologischen Neologismen in den neuen Medien. Obwohl uns heute wertvolle Daten aus den elektronischen Korpora zur Verfügung stehen, stellt die Identifikation phraseologischer Neologismen eine methodologische Herausforderung dar. Für ihre Bestimmung sind spezifische Daten wie Frequenz, kontextuelle Einbettung und Konnotation aus den Korpora notwendig. Bei der Interpretation phraseologischer Prozesse sind unter anderem Fragen aufgetaucht, in welchen Medien potentielle Neologismen vorkommen, wie stark ihre Stabilität ist und ob es Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Typen phraseologischer Neologismen gibt.
Im Beitrag werden Merkmale des formelhaften bzw. figurativen Sprachgebrauchs in Online-Präsenzen ungarndeutscher Minderheitenzeitungen am Material ihrer Facebook-Posts empirisch untersucht. Es zeichnete sich ab, dass spezielle digitale Schreibmuster (noch) kaum zu erkennen sind, sodass sich die Befunde von denen der Untersuchungen an ungarndeutschen Printmedien nicht kategorial unterscheiden. Die datenbasierte Studie konnte - mit Einsatz von Salienz als Analysekategorie - eruieren, dass sich die Besonderheiten hinsichtlich ihrer Ursprünge in drei prototypische Klassen einteilen lassen: Es sind (1) Kontaktphänomene (Transfer oder Nachahmung von Elementen, Strukturen und Modellen der Kontaktsprache Ungarisch); (2) Verfremdungsprozesse als Folge einer unsicheren Beherrschung der Mediensprache Deutsch, etwa Übergeneralisierung von Gebrauchsnormen bzw. -konventionen des Sprachsystems und (3) Flüchtigkeitsfehler, die selbst bei hochkompetenten Textproduzenten vorkommen können. Insgesamt überwiegt ganz eindeutig der Typ (1), sodass sich vielfach ein kontaktsprachliches Muster ergibt und kulturelle Hybride entstehen.
Der vorliegende Beitrag ist dem korpusbasierten Vergleich von vier Phrasemen des Deutschen mit der Bedeutung 'jemanden/etwas antreiben' gewidmet. Anhand einer maschinellen Auswertung von Belegen aus dem Deutschen Referenzkorpus (DeReKo) werden syntaktische, semantische und kombinatorische Eigenschaften dieser Phraseme beschrieben. Die semantischen Eigenschaften wurden mit der DeReKo-eigenen Kookkurrenzanalyse ermittelt, die morpho-syntaktischen Besonderheiten mit GATE. Verglichen wurden solche Merkmale wie Besetzung der Objektvalenz, Kombinierbarkeit mit Adverbien, Gebrauch mit Negation und Vorkommen unterschiedlicher Zeitformen des Verbs. Es wurden sowohl Gemeinsamkeiten als auch Unterschiede festgestellt.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse der kontrastiven Forschung von phraseologischen Neologismen im Deutschen und Ukrainischen gezeigt. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags besteht darin, die phraseologischen Neologismen, die in der Corona-Pandemie in Deutschland und in der Ukraine in digitalen Medien verwendet wurden, zu analysieren, die strukturell-semantischen Merkmale ausgewählter phraseologischer Einheiten in beiden Sprachen zu beschreiben, ihre konzeptuelle Analyse durchzuführen, die vorhandenen Neologismenpaare einander gegenüberzustellen sowie Äquivalenztypen zu untersuchen. Die Materialbasis bilden diesbezüglich 96 deutsche und 60 ukrainische phraseologische Neologismen der Jahre 2020–2021.
Die seit Jahren allmählich aber sukzessive ansteigende Digitalisierung bleibt nicht ohne Einfluss auf die Veränderungen in der Forschung, darunter auch in der Phraseologie. Den Möglichkeiten, die einem in diesem Kontext angeboten werden, scheinen keine Grenzen gesetzt zu werden. Das betrifft auch die Lexikographie - hier Phraseographie, die sich von der traditionellen Arbeitsweise und den Arbeitsmethoden immer mehr entfernt und Vorteile der digitalisierten Welt in zunehmendem Maße nutzt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird zum einen das Potential der phraseologischen Online-Wörterbücher geprüft, das zum anderen mit den Möglichkeiten der Printwörterbücher verglichen wird. Das Ziel ist dabei, die Funktionalitäten der beiden Typen von phraseologischen Wörterbüchern miteinander zu vergleichen, um feststellen zu können, ob alle Vorteile der Digitalisierung von den Autoren der Online-Wörterbücher genutzt werden, um verschiedenen Erwartungen der Benutzer gerecht zu werden und ihre Bedürfnisse zu befriedigen. Die Grundlage der Analyse bilden auf der einen Seite sechs repräsentative phraseologische Printwörterbücher für Deutsch, vier für Polnisch, vier phraseologische deutsch-polnische Wörterbücher und zwei polnisch-deutsche und auf der anderen Seite drei Online-Wörterbücher für Deutsch, ein Online-Wörterbuch für Polnisch und zwei deutsch-polnische Online-Wörterbücher. Aus dem Vergleich der Mikrostruktur in den analysierten Wörterbüchern ergeben sich Schlussfolgerungen in Bezug auf die Empfehlungen und fertige Lösungen mancher Probleme lexikographischer Natur, die ihre Anwendung in der digitalen Phraseographie finden können.
Trotz der erheblichen Vorteile von digitalen Plattformen für Sprachlernende sind frei zugängliche Online-Tools im Bereich der Phraseologie, abgesehen von einigen Ausnahmen, noch Mangelware. Sie sind nicht an Platzbeschränkungen gebunden, leicht auf den aktuellen Stand zu bringen und fördern das autonome Lernen. Die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Online-Phraseologie-Lernplattform ReDeWe, die im Rahmen einer Lehrwerksuntersuchung entstanden ist, deckt drei Bereiche ab: (1) eine im Aufbau befindliche Phrasemdatenbank mit relevanten Informationen wie semantisches Feld, Register und Grundwortschatzniveau, (2) eine Multisuchmaschine, die die wichtigsten Online-Wörterbücher bzw. Korpora integriert, und (3) eine Lernplattform mit interaktiven Übungen.
Mit Fokus auf die Vorteile, die computergestützte Lehr- und Lernmittel bieten, soll in diesem Beitrag ein neues Lernportal, Phras.eu, mit interaktiven Übungen zur Phraseologie beschrieben werden. Die Lernaktivitäten der Plattform, deren Konzeption sich am Supplement zum GER orientiert, basieren auf dem pluralen Ansatz in CARAP/REPA. Dieser Ansatz besagt, dass durch das Erlernen von Fremdsprachen auf der Grundlage bereits bestehender sprachlicher Kompetenzen der Prozess des Spracherwerbs effizienter gestaltet wird. In der didaktischen Implementierung von äquivalenten Idiomen in Phras.eu soll das Lernen von deutschen Idiomen unabhängig von der Muttersprache durch das vorhandene Wissen der Lernenden in der englischen Sprache erleichtert werden.
In diesem Beitrag wird das Ziel verfolgt, eines der neuen digitalen Kommunikationsmittel, einen Lernerblog, zu untersuchen. Es handelt sich um ein neues, bereits sehr populäres Kommunikationsmittel, das als Ergebnis sich ändernder Kommunikationsbedürfnisse, technologischer Innovationen und variierender medialer Kontexte betrachtet werden kann. Im Fokus unseres Interesses steht Deutschlernerblog.de, eine beliebte und von vielen Benutzern und Benutzerinnen oft besuchte Internetplattform, auf der neben zahlreichen anderen Lehrmaterialien vier nach verschiedenen Kriterien zusammengestellte Phrasemsammlungen angeboten werden. Letztere werden im Beitrag unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten analysiert, um festzustellen, inwieweit dabei die gegenwärtige Forschungslage im Bereich der Phraseologie berücksichtigt wird. Aufgrund der ermittelten Ergebnisse werden Vorschläge für eine aus phraseodidaktischer Sicht effizientere Zusammenstellung der Phrasemsammlung und lernerfreundliche Beschreibung der einzelnen Phraseme gemacht.
Zahlreiche Forschungsarbeiten haben sich bereits der Frage gewidmet, warum und wie Phraseologie in den DaM- bzw. in den DaF- und DaZ-Unterricht integriert werden kann. Es wird dabei argumentiert, dass Phraseologismen - ebenso wie Einzelwörter - zum lexikalischen Bestand gehören und daher sowohl für die Textrezeption als auch für die Textproduktion unerlässlich sind. Neben eher theoretischen Beiträgen gibt es auch praxisorientierte Arbeiten, die zeigen, wie Aufgaben/Übungen mit kodifizierten und abgewandelten Phrasemen einerseits der Wortschatzerweiterung dienen, andererseits die Vermittlung von Phonetik, Morphologie und Syntax unterstützen können. Wenig Aufmerksamkeit galt bisher der Frage, welche Rolle Phraseologismen z. B. bei durch Demenz verursachten Sprachstörungen spielen. Lassen sich gezielte Übungen, etwa phraseologische Spiele, als "sprachliche Heilmittel" gegen Demenz einsetzen? Diesem Thema ist der Beitrag gewidmet.
Im Zentrum des Beitrags steht der Zusammenhang von konstruktivistischem Lernen in der Fremdsprache Deutsch und dem Einsatz aufgabenorientierter Lernaktivitäten in hypermedialen Lernumgebungen zur Bereicherung der Wortschatzarbeit im Bereich der Phraseologie. Anhand von Beispielen aus der Unterrichtspraxis werden Möglichkeiten für die Implementierung einer konstruktivistischen Lernkultur in der phraseologiebezogenen Wortschatzarbeit vorgestellt und kritisch reflektiert.
Based on the privative derivational suffix -los, we test statements found in the literature on word formation using a – at least in this field – novel empirical basis: a list of affective-emotional ratings of base nouns and associated -los derivations. In addition to a frequency analysis based on the German Reference Corpus, we show that, in general, emotional polarity (so-called valence, positive vs. negative emotions) is reversed by suffixation with -los. This change is stronger for more polarized base nouns. The perceived intensity of emotion (so-called arousal) is generally lower for -los derivations than for base nouns. Finally, to capture the results theoretically, we propose a prototypical -los construction in the framework of Construction Morphology.
So-called gender-neutral nouns like Freund*innen, Redakteur_in or AutorInnen are suspected to not fit into the linguistic system. This paper argues that if these forms are pronounced with a glottal stop (e.g. Freund[ʔ]innen), only small changes in the grammar are needed to integrate them. It is shown that the suffix [ʔ ɪn] in these derivatives can be analysed as a phonological word and therefore could be a new suffix that is added to the grammar. The phonological structure of its derivatives is shown to be just like the phonological structure of many native German derived nouns as many suffixes form a phonological word of their own. Also, the insertion of [ʔ] in these derived wordforms can be explained by the status of the suffix as a phonological word. Hence, it is argued that speakers do not ignore the regularities of the grammar when they use gender-neutral nouns with [ʔ ɪn], but rather work with these rules to create new words with new meanings.
This study proposes a cross-linguistic, corpus-based, and constructionist analysis of denominal verbs (DNVs) in English, Dutch and German. DNV constructions include various morphological construction types, such as conversion (e.g. English bottle > to bottle), prefixation (e.g. Dutch arm 'arm' > omarmen 'to embrace') and suffixation (e.g. German Katapult 'catapult' > katapultieren 'to catapult'). We investigate the correlation between the distribution of DNV constructions and the typological properties of the languages, focusing on boundary permeability, inflectional complexity, syntactic configurationality and word-class assignment. The study shows that, although the three languages have the same repertoire of DNV constructions at their disposal, a Germanic cline can be detected in their preferences for non-overt vs overt marking of the word-class change. As such, the study highlights the impact of typological factors on the shape of language-specific constructional networks.
The present study investigates word formation processes and strategies in monolingual and bilingual children by age 7 to 8. Using an elicitation task in form of naming of low frequent complex objects, it is analyzed whether bilingual children use other word formation strategies than monolinguals do. Therefore, N=9 monolinguals and N=9 bilinguals were tested. N=268 elicited reactions were analyzed. Results show bilinguals to use the same word formation strategies to the same extent as monolinguals do. Compounding overweighs derivation in each child. However, a more in-depth qualitative analysis shows that the complex compounds formed by bilingual children disregard the German composition rule of right-hand heads to a significantly higher extent than the monolingual children do. Since this acquisition process has been reported for German monolingual 2-year old children, this result is interpreted as a delayed acquisition process rather than a transfer from the respective first language.
This paper deals with German kinship terms ending with the form "n" (Muttern, Vatern). Firstly, data from newspapers are presented that show that especially Muttern denotes very special meanings that can only be derived to a limited extent from the lexical base: a) Muttern referring to a home where mother cares for you, b) Muttern standing for overprotection, and c) Muttern representing a special food style (often embedded in prepositional phrases and/or comparative constructions like wie bei or wie von Muttern). Secondly, it is argued that the addition of n to kinship terms is not a word-formation pattern, but that these word forms are instead lexicalized and idiomatized in contemporary German. Hence, a diachronic scenario is applied to account for the data. It is argued in the present paper that the n-forms have been borrowed from Low German dialects, especially from constructional idioms of the type ‘X-wie bei Muttern’ and that forms were enriched by semantic concepts associated with the dialect.
The paper explores factors that influence the distribution of constituent words of compounds over the head and modifier position. The empirical basis for the study is a large database of German compounds, annotated with respect to the morphological structure of the compound and the semantic category of the constituents. The study shows that the polysemy of the constituent word, its constituent family size, and its semantic category account for tendencies of the constituent word to occur in either modifier or head position. Furthermore, the paper explores the degree to which the semantic category combination of head and modifier word, e.g., x=substance and y=artifact, indicates the semantic relation between the constituents, e.g., y_consists_of_x.
In ihrer neuesten Publikation befasst sich die ausgewiesene Wortbildungsexpertin Elke Donalies mit Fällen wie Wetterbeobachter, Dickhäuter, Vergissmeinnicht, zartfühlend und wieviel, deren linguistische Erfassung nach wie vor Probleme bereitet. Grund dafür dürfte zum einen sein, dass die Worthaftigkeit der untersuchten Einheiten vielfach fraglich ist (z. B. zart fühlend als syntaktische Fügung vs. zartfühlend als Wort bzw. Wortbildungsprodukt). Zum anderen ist die Analyse der Einheiten – bei Zuordnung zum Bereich Wortbildung – schwierig und im Resultat entsprechend vielfältig (z. B. Dickhäuter als Derivation, Zusammenbildung oder synthetic compound (vgl. S. 114)). Donalies hat sich also mit der Wahl derartiger "linguistischer Problemmacher" viel vorgenommen und insgesamt drei Jahre Projektzeit im Rahmen ihrer IDS-Tätigkeit dafür aufgewendet (Januar 2015–Januar 2018).
This paper deals with complex prefix-particle structures like aberkennen in German. First, it presents a scheme to analyse these double complex words from a synchronic point of view. Second, it is shown for words with ab-, that this type of word formation is typical for Middle and Early Modern High German and reasons for the decrease are discussed.
This study explores four German nominalization patterns (-ung; -erei; Ge- -X-e; nominalized infinitives) using corpus and web data. We conclude that they can be considered a word formation paradigm, as some functions depend on paradigmatic oppositions. Our case study supports gradual differences between inflectional and word formation paradigmaticity.
Besides some well-established forms like autoritär 'authoritarian'; humanitär 'humanitarian'; new coinages ending with -itär can be found in German. These adjectives are closely related to nouns ending with -ität. From an etymological point of view; these formations are morphologically transparent. Not only are the adjectives new; but -itär emerges as a new suffix.
The project WBLUX (Wortbildung des moselfränkisch-luxemburgischen Raumes) at the University of Luxembourg aims at the investigation of Luxembourgish word formation through different text sorts and genres. In order to achieve this goal the compilation of an annotated corpus is needed. This article gives an example for benefits of using a corpus with annotations like parts of speech, lemmata and word formation affixes in the analysis of productivity of some selected word formation affixes of Luxembourgish. Then it describes how one can achieve such a corpus from a technical point of view. This includes the choice of corpus format, of a database platform and the designing of programs needed for the annotation process of word formation itself. This article also suggests new corpus linguistic approaches for research of word formation like analyzing the usage of word formation bases in the entire corpus or performing context analysis in order to determine semantical functions of each suffix.
This paper provides an overview of the connection between word formation and text type linguistics. Following a brief outline of the current state of research, desiderata and weaknesses of previous research as well as perspectives of a text type oriented research on word formation will be introduced. Here, I advocate a stronger inclusion of oral (with regard to the medium) and conceptually spoken text types (cf. Koch/Oesterreicher 1985). The focus is on the analysis of word formations within the text type of battle rap, which can be classified as oral and conceptually spoken. The analysis gives an insight into my habilitation project outlined in the essay and shows how this project can be realized.
A typical characteristic of Central German dialects, especially of the Ripuarian dialect, is that it has collective nouns with ge- + -ze (cf. gesteinze) besides those with ge- + -e (cf. gesteine) corresponding to Dutch gesteente and gestene. A relationship between ge- + -ze and ge- + -te has been assumed for a long time. A corpus-based comparison is given in order to explain the genesis of these different formation types (ge- + -e, ge- + -ze, ge- + -te) and their relations. It seems likely that earlier Dutch formations influenced their Ripuarian counterparts. Rarely, the circumfix ge- + -te also occurs in Ripuarian texts and may be autochthone. One main result is that the suffic -ze in Ripuarian restores the collective formation in the circumfix ge- + -e when it was destroyed by the e-apokope. This is a rare instance where an element of word formation is replaced by another one in order to neutralize the isolation effect of sound change.
German "-isch" and English "-ish" share a common Germanic origin, which is evidenced by striking similarities concerning the derivation of ethnic adjectives "(englisch/English)" or property-denoting adjectives "(kindisch/childish)". However, after an initial period of parallel characteristics, the two languages display drastic changes, with English developing an approximative sense when attached to adjectival bases (e.g. "greenish") and expanding to a wide range of other word categories, while German "-isch" develops multiple functions and also comes to firmly occupy a morphological niche with non-native bases. The paper sheds light on the evolving divergence between German and English by presenting results from two diachronic corpus-based studies. Additionally, explanations with respect to the typological parameter of 'Boundary Permeability' are provided.
This paper investigates the spelling of compound nouns in a corpus comprised of Early New High German protocols of witch trials from the 16th and 17th century. Previous studies on the spelling of compound nouns in printed texts have found that scribes increasingly write compound nouns as one word during the 16th century. However, this paper will show that there is still much variation in handwritten texts from that time. The study focusses on identifying factors that lead scribes to write compound nouns either as one word or two, such as linking elements and the use of upper case letters. I will argue that while there is more variation in the spelling of compound nouns in the handwritten corpus than in printed texts, there still is a strong tendency to line up the boundaries of the graphemic and syntactic words.
An inventory of the Middle High German word families is still missing wheras the Old High German and New High German word families are recorded by the dictionaries of J. Splett. In this paper a semi-automatic method is represented which can help to find and analyze the Middle High German word families. By several scripts a combined list of MHG and OHG lemmata is tranformed and expanded to a table containing among other things a column with a simplified variation of Splett's word formation formulas and a column with the common base of the word family the lemma probably belongs to. In a labour-intensive last step, these proposals have to be manually checked and corrected.
In German, non-finite forms of verbs that are traditionally labelled as "nominalized infinitives", but are better categorized as gerunds, can show very unusual features. Although they carry a definitive article and therefore clearly seem to belong to the class of nouns, they still govern objects and adverbials in exactly the same way the verb does. It is therefore argued that in spite of the determiners, these forms are essentially verbal in nature. The syntactic functions they fulfil can be anything from subject or object to adverbial or attributive modifier, i. e. functions that are usually fulfilled by subordinate clauses. Since this is the same kind of behavior that converbs in languages like Turkish show, this leads to the suggestion that they can indeed be considered as a functionally similar to converbs.
The article delineates the development of nominal synthetic compounding in the history of German. In particular, it is attested an enhancement of the morphological structure which correlates with a morphological intersection of determinative compounding happening from Early New High German onwards.
This article deals with the development of -igen verbs in German since the Old High German period, demonstrating that this can be regarded as a process in which the adjective formation morpheme -ig gradually develops into a component of a word formation pattern that derives transitive verbs from nouns. An -igen-verb can be descended not only from an -ig-adjective (würdig – würdigen) but also from a noun without an intermediary -ig-adjective (Pein – *peinig – peinigen). In this article, it is claimed that a word formation pattern with -ig develops over time. The emergence of this word formation pattern can be described as a "reanalysis" of the verb structure accompanied by a "resegmentation" of the original word structure and a semantic "remotivation" of the established unit. It is also pointed out that this development is particularly evident in the Middle High German period.
Am 31. März 2017 und 01. April 2017 fand in Lyon unter Federführung des Forschungszentrums Centre d'Etudes Linguistiques (CEL – EA 1663) und unter Beteiligung des Labors Interactions, Corpus, Apprentissages, Représentations (ICAR – UMR 5191) der Universitäten Lumière Lyon 2 und der Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon ein internationaler Kongress zu Formen, Verfahren und Funktionen der Bildung lexematischer und polylexematischer Einheiten im Deutschen (Formation et préformation lexicale de l'allemand) statt. GermanistInnen aus Deutschland, Frankreich, Polen, Russland und Spanien nahmen an diesem Symposium teil.
Morphology Days is a (nearly) biennial international meeting which deals with morphology within different frameworks and in various perspectives Previous editions of this conference have taken place in Leuven (2015), Leeuwarden (2013), Leiden (2012), Nijmegen (2011), Luik (2009) and Amsterdam (2007) While the first editions of the conference were mainly addressed to researchers working on morphology in the Netherlands and in Belgium, the last editions – including this one – included international contributions The programme and the book of abstract is available at the conference’s homepage at https://morphologydays2017.wordpress.com/program/. Organized by Philippe Hiligsmann, Kristel Van Goethem, Nikos Koutsoukos and Isa Hendrikx from the Université Catholique de Louvain, and Laurent Raiser from the Université de Liège, this edition of Morphology Days hosted more than 30 researchers, among which 3 plenary speakers, coming not only from Belgium but also from France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. Although both inflection and derivation (affixation) where dealt with in the talks, this conference report will only address the studies on derivation.
This paper studies the morphological productivity of German N+N compounding patterns from a diachronic perspective. It argues that the productivity of compounds increases due to syntactic influence from genitive constructions ("improper compounds") in Early New High German. Both quantitative and qualitative productivity measures are adapted from derivational morphology and tested on compound data from the Mainz Corpus of (Early) New High German (1500–1710).
This study aims to present the linguistic landscape of a transylvanian city, namely Mediaș, using the Linguistic Landscape method. It is investigated in which areas of the public space the languages of the historical national minorities are present. The corpus includes inscriptions from the public space that have been analysed and classified according to certain criteria.
In the context of the emergence of various online dictionaries and platforms that also address phraseological units, their usefulness is being questioned and their potential examined in order to illustrate new directions in the development of digital phraseography. The article shows special traits in the formation of lexicographical content in two selected online dictionaries, using the lemma “cat” as example.
The article is devoted to a historical German settlement in present-day Slovakia, since the small German minority of the lumberjacks/woodcutters (Slovak. Huncokári) has received little attention. The urgency of the need for research is also pointed out, since there are only very few speakers of this dialect left. The article therefore informs about some background of the settlement history, the present state and about approaches for ethnological field research.
The article deals with the promotion of the German language abroad through Germany’s foreign cultural and educational policy. An important concern of the German intermediary organizations abroad is access to culture and education across geographic, political and social borders, but scientific and economic policy. interests, which benefit the needs of the German market, also play a major role. Regarding the fact that more and more skilled workers who are ultimately lacking in their countries of origin are migrating to Germany, the article questions whether it is always a so-called triple-win model.
The present article initially covers the meaning of Pomānǝ, a noun loaned from the Romanian language into certain idioms and collocations of the TransylvaninSaxon vernacular. It goes on to cover this loan word‘s constructions documented in the North-Transylvanian craft vocabulary, mainly hybrid formations, including their meaning and their type of word formation. The verb pomenin loaned from the Romanian language into the Transylvanian-Saxon vernacular is presented in its transitive, intransitive as well as reflexive usage in meaningful vernacular records and outlines its morphological integration into the Transylvanin-Saxon language. Both loan words come with etymological explanations. The vernacular records are taken from South Transylvanian and North Transylvanian specialist and vernacular literature as well as from the Transylvanian-Saxon Dictionary.
Der Forschungsbereich der Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktik hat sich als "Weiterentwicklung des kommunikativen Ansatzes" etabliert (NEUNER 2009:2) und die Sprachmittlung (SM) ist – als sogenannte fünfte Fertigkeit neben den vier Fertigkeiten 'Hören', 'Sprechen', 'Schreiben' und 'Lesen' – zunehmend ins Visier von Didaktikern gerückt. In der Fachliteratur werden verschiedene Aktivitäten sprachlicher Art "wie Übersetzen, Dolmetschen, Zusammenfassen und Paraphrasieren" unter dem Konzept der SM (EUROPARAT 2001: 25; 89-90) zusammengefasst. Die SM als handlungsorientierte Kompetenz bedarf einer Reihe von spezifischen Ansätzen, Methoden, Konzepten, Materialien und Inhalten. Im Rahmen des Studiums des Faches Deutsch als Fremdsprache im Bundesstaat Rio de Janeiro wird der SM bislang noch sehr wenig systematisierte Aufmerksamkeit als Möglichkeit zur Entwicklung des Sprachlernbewusstseins gewidmet. Der vorliegende Beitrag zielt darauf hinab, die theoretisch angeleiteten und praxisorientierten Überlegungen über durchgeführte Übungssequenzen im Bereich Sprachmittlung in einer Studierendengruppe des Doppelstudiengangs portugiesische und deutsche Literatur- und Sprachwissenschaft ohne Dolmetschkenntnisse vorzustellen. Durch Übungsangebote werden Elemente der Dolmetschwissenschaft gezielt und zielgruppengemäß in die DaF-Ausbildung eingeführt. Das Ziel der Durchführung von Übungssequenzen besteht darin, kulturelle und sprachliche Kenntnisse miteinander zu kombinieren und Studierende nicht nur für die Thematik zu sensibilisieren, sondern ihnen auch Werkzeuge mit auf den Weg zu geben, damit sie kreativer mit der Fremdsprache umgehen können.