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Im Vordergrund der Publikation stehen Beiträge, die sich intensiv mit dem Phänomen der Kollokation beschäftigen. Der erste Teil der Sammlung konzentriert sich auf die intra- und interlingualen Aspekte der Kollokationen. Der zweite Teil wird den didaktischen Studien der Kollokationen gewidment, mit dem Akzent auf der Wichtigkeit der Integration fester Wortverbindungen in den DaF-Unterricht.
[Kollokationsforschung und Kollokationsdidaktik / Peter Ďurčo (Hg.). - Wien : LIT, 2016. - 236 Seiten. - (Studien zur Linguistik ; Band 22) ISBN 978-3-643-50784-6]
This questionnaire focuses on control structures that are instantiated by predicates that take a state of affairs (SOA) argument. Noonan (1985) has called these predicates 'complement-taking predicates'; I will use the notion of SOAAtaking predicates (SOAA = state of affairs argument).
Prototypically, complement control is instantiated by certain classes of verbs; however, adjectives (be eager to) and nouns (e.g. nominalizations such as promise) may function as control predicates as well. 'Control' refers to the pattern of argument identification between an argument of the SOAA-taking predicate and an argument of the SOAA-head. In the literature the notion of 'equi deletion' or 'equi-NP deletion' has been used (following Rosenbaum 1967), which refers to structures in which an overt argument of the matrix predicate is identified with a covert argument of the embedded predicate. This questionnaire aims at a cross-linguistic application of the notion of control and thus uses a semantic definition of complement control. It extends the notion of control to other patterns of referential dependency between arguments of a SOAA-taking predicate and of the embedded predicate.
Ziel des Beitrags ist die Darstellung der neuartigen Prototypen MultiGenera und MultiComb, die auf der Grundlage des multilingualen Valenzwörterbuchs zur Nominalphrase PORTLEX syntaktisch-semantische valenzbasierte Auskunft über die Nominalphrase sowie über ihren Satzrahmen anbieten. Nach der Schilderung der Haupteigenschaften der Ressourcen sowie des zugrunde liegenden methodologischen Verfahrens werden Hinweise über ihre möglichen didaktischen Anwendungsbereiche gegeben.
Almanca dilbilgisinde tümcenin temel öğeleri genellikle eylem temel alınarak yapılır. Türkçe dilbilgisi için bu durum sözde kalmaktadır. Çünkü öğeler genellikle eylemin birleşim değeri göz önünde bulundurulmadan, o anda tümcede rastlantısal olarak bulunan öğeler olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, nitel araştırma yöntemiyle internetten ve basılı dokümanlardan elde edilen verilerin yorumlanmasıyla oluşan bu makalede, birleşim değeri çerçevesinde değerlendirme yapılmış olup eylemin gerektirdiği öğeler buna göre ele alınmalıdır. Diğer bir sorun da, Almanca dilbilgisi bağlamında üzerinde genel anlamda uzlaşılan, ancak Türkçede tartışmalı olan nesne terimi ve kavramıdır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada genel anlamda nesne kavramından yola çıkılarak sonilgeçli nesne kavramına gelinecektir. Amaç, Türkçe - Almanca nesne türlerini karşılaştırmak değil, Türk dili bağlamında “nesne”nin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak için Almancadan da örnekler vermektir. Nesne teriminin Türkçede Akkusativobjekt ile sınırlı tutulmasının yanlış olduğu ve çıkma durumu nesnesi, bulunma durumu nesnesi, sonilgeçli nesne gibi terimlerin dilbilgisel bir gerçek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Türkçede eyleyen (Aktant) olarak sonilgeçli nesne (Postpositionalobjekt) gerektiren eylemler olduğu saptanmıştır.
This paper has the double objective of introducing the reader to a derivational and comparative valency dictionary compiled from 2015 to 2018 at Masaryk University in Brno and of analyzing certain cross‑linguistic contrasts between German and Czech nominal derivation that are apparent from the material covered in the dictionary. The analysis suggests that there are fewer restrictions on forming verbal nominals in Czech than there are on forming nominalized infinitives in German.
It is the aim of this paper to evaluate the various types of sentential complementation available in terms of complement control cross-linguistically. I will propose a lexical classification of control classes on the basis of the instantiated subordination patterns. I want to focus on an important distinction, namely that of structural vs. inherent control. Structural control is found with predicates that select a clausal complement whose structure requires argument identification and thus 'induces' control. Infinitival complements are prototypical cases for this kind of control because in most languages infinitival complements can only 'survive' in structures of control or raising. The interesting question is which predicates license structural control and which cross-linguistic differences emerge between potential licensors. Inherent control is found with predicates that require control readings independent of the instantiated structure of sentential complementation (e.g. a directive predicate such as zwingen 'force'). In addition, I will recapitulate and add arguments for the dual lexical-syntactic nature of complement control.
Together with its central complements, verbs model basic patterns of interaction. The constellations of these complements in turn correspond to central patterns of the argument structure. Nominative and accusative complements formally occupy the first and second positions (subject and object), but they also have certain semantic preferences. The formal function of the dative is less pronounced, where it occurs (ditransitive verbs) the semantic imprint of the frame ("transfer") is very strong. This corresponds to the meaning of a core group of corresponding verbs. Other verbs that allow this pattern are used more often in other valence structures and the ditransitive use appears as a systematic way of personal extension of object‑related activities. This will be discussed with reference to the verbs 'zeigen' and (in a different way) 'lehren'.
Insgesamt zeigen die hier untersuchten Daten, dass die Bildung konversiver Idiome nach bestimmten Prinzipien, jedoch nicht nach produktiven Regeln erfolgt. Die meisten Faktoren, die an der konversiven Transformation in der Phraseologie beteiligt sind, sind konzeptueller Natur und führen zurück auf die semantisch-syntaktischen Eigenschaften des betreffenden Idioms. Aus der Sicht der Syntax ist es entscheidend, dass das betreffende Idiom über zwei aktive Valenzen verfügt. Normalerweise werden diese Valenzen semantisch mit dem Agens sowie mit dem Patiens gefüllt, seltener mit dem Agens und dem Adressaten oder Benefiziär. Syntaktisch gesehen hat das "linke" Mitglied des konversiven Idiom-Paares eine Subjekt-Valenz (entsprechend dem Agens) und eine Valenz des Dativobjekts (entsprechend dem Patiens oder dem Adressaten/Benefiziär).